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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2044226
SOLAR INSTALLATION
The name of the inventor: Eduard Vladimirovich Tveryanovich
The name of the patent holder: Eduard Tveryanovich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1993.05.06
Use: in solar power plants with solar concentrators. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: In a solar installation comprising a radiation receiver and a sun-oriented solar-concentrating system having primary concentrators focusing the radiation into precise focuses on the focal plane and secondary reflectors 4 having a common focus with primary concentrators and made in the form of bodies of revolution around Their axes of symmetry directed at the radiation receiver, the primary concentrators are made with the possibility of synchronous rotation around their foci. A common radiation receiver may be located between the concentrators and reflectors or may be carried out beyond the focal plane. As concentrators, Fresnel lenses can be used, and as paraboloid or hyperboloid reflectors.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the development of solar power plants with solar concentrators.
There are known solar installations with concentrating systems made according to the Cassegrain scheme, in which the primary concentrator is a paraboloid, the secondary reflector is a confocal hyperboloid (one focus of a paraboloid and a hyperboloid are combined), and a radiation receiver is installed in the second focus of the hyperboloid to heat the coolant.
The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the spatial design of the Cassegrain system when it comes to the creation of large capacity installations, since the manufacture of a concentrator and a large reflector (tens of meters in diameter) is an expensive and complex technical task in view of the large sail of the system.
A solar plant is known that contains a solar-oriented solar concentrating system having primary concentrators that focus radiation at point foci and secondary reflectors having common foci with primary concentrators in the form of bodies of revolution around their symmetry axes and directing radiation to a common receiver.
The drawback of this setup is multiple radiation on an ellipsoidal secondary reflector and an additional mirror and the need for additional tracking by a flat mirror.
The aim of the invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, reduce energy losses, increase efficiency and simplify the design of the plant with increasing power.
To do this, in a solar installation containing a radiation receiver and a solar-oriented solar concentrating system having primary concentrators focusing the radiation into point focal points on the focal plane and secondary reflectors having a common focus with primary concentrators and made in the form of bodies of revolution around their axes Symmetry directed to the radiation receivers, the symmetry axes of the secondary reflectors are directed to a common radiation receiver for a group of concentrators or for the whole system and the primary concentrators are arranged to synchronously rotate around their foci. A common radiation receiver can be located between primary concentrators and secondary reflectors. The common radiation receiver can be located behind the focal plane of the primary concentrators. The primary concentrator can be made in the form of a Fresnel lens. Secondary reflectors can be made in the form of paraboloids or hyperboloids.
The direction of the symmetry axes of the secondary reflectors to the common radiation receiver for a group of primary concentrators or for the entire concentrating system allows reducing the number of receivers to one piece for the whole installation, which reduces the switching losses of individual receivers. The possibility of synchronous rotation of primary concentrators around their foci makes it possible to simplify the design of the entire plant, since the installation itself remains stationary, and the orientation to the sun is realized only by turning the primary concentrators that have a smaller mass than the entire concentrating system. The location of common radiation receivers between primary concentrators and secondary reflectors increases the compactness of the installation. The location of the common radiation receiver behind the focal plane makes it possible to increase the plant power by using radiation from a large number of primary concentrators.
The use of Fresnel lenses as primary concentrators makes it possible to increase the service life of the plant, since there is no reflective layer in the lenses that corrodes over time and reduces the cost of the installation, since the production of Fresnel lenses is cheaper than manufacturing parabolic reflectors and is easy to automate the process .
The use of paraboloids as secondary reflectors makes it possible to obtain uniform illumination on the radiation receiver, which positively affects the operation of such converters as photocells.
In Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional diagram of an installation with a concentrating system in the form of paraboloids, secondary reflectors are made in the form of hyperboloids, whose symmetry axes are directed to common radiation receivers installed between primary concentrators and secondary reflectors; In Fig. 2 Fresnel lenses are used as primary concentrators, and secondary reflectors are made in the form of paraboloids; In Fig. 3 shows the location of the radiation receiver behind the focal plane of the primary concentrators; In Fig. 4 location of the common receiver behind the focal plane for Fresnel lenses; In Fig. 5 demonstrated the possibility of orientation to the sun of primary reflectors in the form of paraboloids; In Fig. 6 the possibility of orientation to the sun of Fresnel lenses.
In addition, the drawings show: the height of the optical system H, the overall dimension L, defined as the distance from the receiver 1, the angles 
I slope of the symmetry axes of the secondary reflectors to the focal plane. The dotted line shows the missing parts of the secondary mirrors.
The solar installation (see Figure 1) contains radiation receivers 1 and a solar-oriented concentrating system having primary concentrators 2 focusing radiation at the point focuses F 1 , F 2 , F 6 on the focal plane 3 and secondary reflectors 4 having Common foci F 1 , F 2 , F 6 , with primary concentrators 1 and made in the form of bodies of revolution around their soy symmetry 5 directed at radiation receivers 1. In this case, the symmetry axis 5 of the secondary reflectors 4 are directed to a common radiation receiver 1 for a group of concentrators 2 or for the whole system, the primary concentrators 1 are rotatable about their foci F 1 , F 2 , F 6 (see Figures 5 and 6).
The common receiver 1 can be located between the primary concentrators 2 and the secondary reflectors 4 (see Figures 1-3).
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The common receiver 1 can be located behind the focal plane 3 of the primary concentrators 2 (see Figures 3-5). Primary concentrators 2 can be made in the form of Fresnel lenses (see Figures 2, 4, 6). Secondary reflectors 4 can be made in the form of paraboloids (see Figures 2, 3, 5, 6). The installation works as follows. The solar radiation falls on the sun-oriented primary concentrators 2 (see Figure 1), made in the form of paraboloids, reflected toward the foci F 1 , F 2 , F 6 located in the focal plane 3. On the way to the focuses F i, the radiation hits To secondary reflectors 4 made in the form of hyperboloids (see Figure 1) or paraboloids (see Figure 2). Secondary reflectors 4 have common foci F 1 , F 2 , F 6 with primary concentrators 2. Due to the geometric laws for the generators of these reflectors (hyperbola or parabola), solar radiation is reflected from them as follows: for hyperbolas in the form of converging light fluxes into second foci F or in the form of a parallel light flux from the parabolas. Since the stream reflected from the secondary reflectors 4 is always parallel due to the geometric properties of the symmetry axes 5 (the main optical axes of the hyperbola or parabola), which in turn are directed to the radiation receivers 1, the optical radiation from the secondary reflectors is directed to the common receiver 1 for the group of reflectors (F 1 , F 2 , F 3 ) and to the other receiver 1 for the second group of reflectors (F 4 , F 5 , F 6 ). In this case, the symmetry axes 5 can have different angles of inclination If the optical system has one radiation detector 1, then all the solar radiation arriving at all primary concentrators 2 falls on it (see Figure 2). Fresnel lenses can be used as primary concentrators 2 (see Figures 2, 4, 6). To increase the compactness of the installation, the radiation receiver 1 can be located between the primary concentrators 2 and the secondary reflectors 4 (see Figures 2, 3, 5). In this case, the angles In the case where the radiation receiver 1 is located outside the focal plane 3, the constraints on the angles Primary concentrators 2 may be able to synchronously rotate around their foci F 1 , F 2 , F 6 for orientation to the sun. In this case, the radiation receivers 1 and the secondary reflectors 4 remain stationary, like the entire installation as a whole, and the sun orientation of the primary concentrators 2 in the form of paraboloids (see Figure 5) or in the form of Fresnel lenses (see Figure 6) is realized Only by synchronous rotation of the concentrators 2 around each of their focuses F 1 , F 2 , F 6 . The technical and economic advantages of the attached technical solution are as follows: the length of commutation of individual receivers for the output of energy from the installation decreases in proportion to the overall size L. For example, to install a thermal power of 1 MW, the total area of primary concentrators should be approximately 1384 m 2 (with a square of L 37 m) (with solar radiation of 1000 W / m 2 , reflection coefficient of concentrators and reflectors 0.85). When performing the installation according to the prototype scheme, when each primary concentrator, for example, in the form of a square of 1 mx 1 m, has its own radiation receiver, the total number of receivers will be 1384 pieces. And the switching length at best (all receivers are connected in series) 1722 m. In the case of the installation according to the scheme of Fig. 3 or 4, the length of the cables or the heat conductor to drain energy from the installation in the worst case is 37 m. |
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The orientation of the concentrating system with a thermal power of 1 MW and an area of 1384 m 2 (37 m х 37 m) under ground operating conditions will present considerable difficulties, since it will require the implementation of a cumbersome and strong supporting and rotary structure.
The installation of FIG. 5 or 6 allows, with a fixed installation, to orient only primary concentrators that have significantly less mass than the whole installation, reduce the power required for orientation, and increase the power of the installation itself.
CLAIM
1. A SOLAR INSTALLATION containing a solar-oriented solar concentrating system having primary concentrators focusing radiation into point foci and secondary reflectors having common foci with primary concentrators made in the form of bodies of revolution around their axes of symmetry and directing radiation to a common receiver , Characterized in that the primary concentrators are arranged to synchronously rotate around their foci, and the secondary reflectors are fixed, made in the form of paraboloids or hyperboloids, the symmetry axes of which are directed to the receiver.
2. The plant of claim 1, wherein the common receiver is located between the primary concentrators and the secondary reflectors.
3. The plant of claim 1, wherein the primary concentrators are in the form of Fresnel lenses.
print version
Date of publication 18.03.2007гг
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