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WIND POWER PLANTS. Wind turbines
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2242635

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The name of the inventor: Antonov EG (RU); Baklunov A.M. (RU); Britvin L.N. (RU); Britvin E.N. (RU); Moskalenko D.S. (RU); Shchepochkin A.V.
The name of the patent owner: Limited Liability Company "Scientific and Production Firm" TGM "
Address for correspondence: 111673, Moscow, PO Box 60, LLC "NPF" TGM "
Date of commencement of the patent: 2002.12.05

The invention relates to the field of wind energy, namely wind turbines, which converts the energy of the air flow into mechanical energy supplied to the generator. The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency (efficiency), installation and simplification of its design. The vortex-type wind turbine contains a tower, an air intake, an air vent and a rotational working element communicated with the generator. In this case, the tower is designed to be oriented in the direction of the wind, the working member is made in the form of parallel installed cylindrical rotors so that the plane passing through the axis of their rotation is parallel to the plane of the inlet cross-section of the air intake tangential type, made in the form of two symmetrically arranged channels that turn into spiral air supply , And the air vent of the tower is communicated with the internal cavity of both rotors and is formed outwardly on the rear side of the tower into a zone of reduced air pressure through the air vent channels.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The proposed technical solution relates to wind power, or more precisely to wind turbines for converting the energy of the air flow into mechanical energy, for example, supplied to an electric generator.

There are known bladed wind turbines in which a three- or more blade horizontal rotor is located on a high support with the possibility of self-alignment (turning) along the wind and a kinematic shaft connected to an electric generator [1] - an analogue.

Installations of this type have found wide application in areas with a sufficiently high wind speed and successfully operate at wind speeds of 8 m / s and more.

At low wind speeds, for example, 3-4 m / s, these facilities are practically ineffective, although the demand for wind turbines successfully operating at low speeds is particularly relevant for continental land areas where such wind speeds are predominant.

They are more effective at low speeds of the vortex-type wind turbines, which contain a tower with an air intake, an air outlet and a rotational working member located in the air flow channel through the tower and communicated with the consumer of mechanical energy, for example, by an electric generator [2] - a prototype.

The prototype has a complex design, has a high resistance to the incoming air flow with a small working surface of the air intake in relation to the overall surface of the tower, which in general does not provide sufficient efficiency of converting the energy of the wind flow flowing onto the tower into mechanical energy transferred to the consumer. This leads to an increase in the overall dimensions of the tower, the appearance of a tipping point that is difficult to perceive by the supports, a significant weighting of the entire structure, and, in general, to a significant underutilization of the energy of the air flow flowing onto the tower. On the passage of air flow along the vertical axis of the tower, additional energy is expended both due to the large friction surface of the internal working axes extending along the axis of the tower, and due to the hydrodynamic imperfection of the rotational working member. As a result, the energy supplied to the working body is substantially less than the energy of the air flow flowing onto the tower.

In the described technical solution, these disadvantages are eliminated by the fact that: the tower is designed to be oriented in the direction of the wind, the working member is made in the form of parallel installed cylindrical interacting rotors so that the plane passing through the axis of their rotation is parallel to the plane of the inlet cross-section of the air intake of the tangential Type, made in the form of two symmetrically located channels, passing into spiral peripheral air rotors with opposite winding of the wind flow, and the air outlet of the tower is communicated with the internal cavity of both rotors and is formed outwardly on the rear side of the tower toward the lower part of the tower Air pressure through the vent channels; The vent duct of the internal cavity of the rotor with the air vent is made in the form of channels of rounded section with a smooth increase in the area of ​​this section in the direction of the outlet cross-section of the air vent; An additional at least one vane system is located in the air passage of the inner cavity of each rotor with a vent; The rotor and the additional blade system are designed as a single working body with a common shaft; The air vent is hydraulically connected to the internal cavity of the rotors through the air vent channels located in the end parts of the rotors; The air vent is hydraulically connected to the internal cavity of each rotor through the air ducts located in the central middle part of the rotors; The air intake is provided with oppositely arranged pivoting air intake plates, the pivoting axes of which are fixed on the tower body and mounted coplanarly to the axes of rotation of the rotors and symmetrically to them; Axes of rotation of the rotors are arranged coplanarly to the axis of rotation of the tower; The rotation axes of the rotors are horizontal and the axis of rotation of the tower is vertical; The rotor shafts are kinematically connected to each other and to at least one electric generator; The shaft of each rotor is communicated with an autonomous generator, and all electric generators are electrically connected to the electric power consumer through a rotary header mounted on the axis of rotation of the tower; The tower is made in the form of separate sections in height with the possibility of their installation on top of each other; The tower is mounted on a turntable and is equipped with a reversible drive of its installation to the wind; The tower is mounted on a rotary axis and is provided with a rigidly connected keel of the tail winding interacting with the wind flow; At the outlet of the air outlet there are additional deflecting streams from the tower fairings.

1-5 illustrate the implementation of the proposed technical solution for a wind farm.

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The wind turbine of FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of a wind-rotating turret 1 located, for example, on a building roof support plate 2, with the possibility of rotating it by a reversible wind-driven drive consisting of a geared motor 3 reversible by a wind direction sensor , For example, in the form of a weather vane in the form of a rotary plate 4, see FIG. 2, interacting in deflecting wind from the axis of the tangential-type air intake 5 with limit switches 6 and 7 connected to the reversing starter of the geared motor 3.

In the communication channel of the air intake 5, which passes into the spiral springs located along the periphery of the rotors 9, the air supply 14, with the air outlet 8, there is installed a rotational working element in the form of cylindrical rotors 9 that are parallel to each other and interacting with each other, Kinematically connected with the generator shaft 10 by mechanical gears 11. The rotors can be equipped with autonomous power generators. When the electric generators 10 are installed directly in the rotating tower 1, their electrical connection to the external electrical system can be made by any known method, for example, by means of an electric collector 20 whose housing is fixed to the base and its rotary element is installed along the axis of rotation of the tower. Rotors 9 are provided with peripherally mounted vanes 12 forming an annular blade system along the entire surface of the rotor. Rotors 9 are installed such that the plane passing through the axes of their rotation is located parallel to the plane of the inlet section of the air intake 5, which in turn is made in the form of two symmetrically located tangential channels adjacent to the peripheral surface of the tower 1, smoothly turning into spiral ones located along the periphery Rotors air ducts 14 with opposite winding of each other.

The air vent 8 is communicated with the internal cavity of both rotors 9 through the branch ducts 15 made of a rounded section with an area gradually increasing to the outlet section of the air outlet 8.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the rotors are connected through the wind flow through the ends of the rotors 9. The air outlet 8 is formed outwardly towards the rear side of the tower 1 toward the lower air pressure zone, which is formed when the tower is flowed by the wind flow. To ensure the separation flow behind the tower and thereby expand the vacuum zone behind the tower, i. E. To increase the vacuum at the outlet of the air vent 8, it can be provided with additional deflectors from the tower 1 by fairings 16, advantageously providing a twist of the flow around the tower in the direction of circulation of the flow exiting the air outlet 8.

In the embodiments, the air intake 5 can be provided with oppositely arranged air intake plates 17 which can be connected by a synchronization and angular movement mechanism (in the figure to be shown) when adjusting the position of the plates and changing the inlet inlet section of the air intake 5.

Controlling the value of the live section of the air intake 5, in order to change the wind energy supplied to the rotors 9, may be necessary with a significant change in weather conditions and wind speed, which can be performed manually through the said mechanism for synchronizing the plates 17 or automatically.

The axes 18 of the rotation of the plates 17 are fixed to the body of the tower 1 and are mounted coplanarly to the axes of rotation of the rotors 9 and symmetrically to them.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the air outlet 8 communicates with the interior of the rotors 9 by means of the air passages 15 formed in the central middle part of the rotors 9, whereby each rotor is made in the form of two spaced apart sections located on a common axis 13.

In order to reduce the height of the tower, the kinematic coupling of the rotors between each other and the electric generator can be performed through the middle part of the rotors by means of a mechanical transmission 19, and the generator 10 itself can be installed in the casing of the fairing 21 (see Fig. 2) located in the middle part of the air intake 5 The electric generator 10 can be installed in the cavity of the base plate 2 of the tower 1 where a mechanical transmission 11 can be located (see FIG. 4) for synchronizing the rotors 9 with the electric generators 10.

In order to increase the efficiency of the installation, especially at low airflow rates, the inner cavity of each rotor can be communicated with the air vent 8 through additional additional blade impellers 22 installed in the air passages 15 mechanically or electrically connected to the energy consumer. A working additional wheel can similarly be installed directly in the outlet section of the air vent 8, see the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 4.

It is rational to simplify the design of the rotor 9 wind turbine and the additional impellers 22 to be made as a single operating element having a shaft 13 common to it, see FIG. Here, additional paddle wheels 22 are installed from the peripheral ends of the rotors 9 and exit into the corresponding air vent channels, which at their outlet form a common duct for the air vent 8, in the output section of which an additional impeller 23 is installed. In this case, the effluent from the rotors will flow to the outlet Of the air vent 8 through said additional impeller blades 22 and 23, which will substantially increase the energy transmitted to the electric generators from the airflow passing through the tower, especially at low wind speeds of 2-4 m / s.

FIG. 5 shows a variant of the rotation of the tower 1 by means of the special keel 24, which is discharged through the air from the rear of the tower 1, that allows to do without the special drive mechanism shown in the embodiments of FIGS. Here, additional impellers 22 are mounted from the ends of the rotors 9 directly at the inlet of the channels 15 and are not mechanically connected to the rotors. The bladed wheels 22 autonomously lead additional power generators 10.

Versions of the wind turbine are possible when the rotor axes 13 rotate horizontally and the axis of rotation of the tower is vertical.

OPERATING THE INSTALLATION AS FOLLOWING

In case of wind, tower 1 is installed by means of drive 3 or keel 24 in the wind, and the air flow enters the inlet section of tangential air intake 5 and then enters spiral air supply 14, along the entire peripheral surface the main rotor system of rotors 9, and then interacting with blades 12 , Flows over them into the internal cavities of the rotors, transferring their energy to the rotors. Further, the air flow flows over the air vent 15 to the air vent 8 and flows outward from the rear side of the tower 1 to the reduced pressure zone which is there due to the detachable flow around the tower body arranged by the fairings 16. In this case, the wind flow has a direct effect on the blade system of the working member. This effect is enhanced by a significant pressure drop between the inlet section of the air intake 5 and the outlet section of the air vent 8, which is organized by the geometry of the tower, which leads to an increase in the rotation speed of the rotors and an increase in their energy output.

When air flows through the tower due to the tangential approach and the vortex motion of the air around the rotors and in the ducts rounded in the cross-section channels, the least possible resistance to the wind flow flowing through the tower is provided (which increases the mass of air passing through the tower by minimizing the friction losses on the wall and the inlet In the center of the low-pressure vortex stream from the rear of the tower directly to the internal cavities of the rotors), and the most complete interaction of air with the blade system of rotors having the simplest (flat) and effective configuration of the blades is ensured. Reducing energy losses and contributes to the mutual arrangement of the rotors in their immediate vicinity from each other, because in the area of ​​their interaction there is no surface that leads to the braking of the wind flow, but also additional twisting, both coming out of the air vent and flowing around the tower streams.

Additional interaction of the wind flow with the working body is carried out by using additional impeller wheels 22, which is especially important at low wind speeds. At the same time, the efficiency of the wind power installation in the range of wind speed changes from the lowest to the average increases substantially.

Given the geometry of the wind farm, the inlet section of the air intake is equal to the cross section of the tower or even exceeds it, which allows to significantly increase the wind energy delivered to the rotors per 1 m 2 of the cross section of the tower, which at the same time assumes the smallest possible dimensions and has the form most convenient for mounting wind turbines on roofs Buildings.

The organization of a stream flowing through the tower in the form of a vortex flow taking place in the proposed wind installation promotes a more complete "entry" of the inflowing stream directly to the working elements and a decrease in the proportion of the flow approaching the tower that flows around the tower without passing through the working bodies.

This effect contributes to the efficient operation of the installation in a wide range of wind speeds and leads to an increase in the total amount of generated electricity per 1 m 2 of the cross section of the wind farm.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Wind turbine VVER-0,5 is an analog.

2. Patent RU 2024781 C1, F 03 D 9/00, dated December 15, 1994 - a prototype.

CLAIM

1. A vortex type wind turbine comprising a tower with an air intake, an air outlet and a rotational working member disposed in the air flow passage through the tower and communicated with a consumer of mechanical energy, for example an electric generator, characterized in that the tower is orientable in the direction of the wind, Parallel to the installed cylindrical interacting rotors so that the plane passing through the axis of their rotation is parallel to the plane of the inlet cross-section of the air intake of tangential type, made in the form of two symmetrically located channels, turning into spiral peripheral air rotors with opposite winding of the wind flow , And the air vent of the tower is communicated with the internal cavity of both rotors and is formed outwardly on the rear side of the tower towards the zone of reduced air pressure through the air vent channels.

2. Wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilation ducts of internal cavities of the rotors with air vent are made in the form of channels round in cross section with a smooth increase in the area of ​​their cross-sections in the direction of the outlet section of the air vent.

3. Wind power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that an additional impeller impeller is installed in at least one air vent.

4. Wind power plant according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rotor and at least one additional impeller are made as a single operating body with a common shaft.

5. Wind power plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air vent channels are located on the side of the end parts of the rotors.

6. Wind power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the air vent channels are located in the central middle part of the rotors.

7. Wind power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the air intake is provided with oppositely arranged pivoting air intake plates, the pivot axes of which are fixed to the tower body and mounted coplanarly to the axes of rotation of the rotors and symmetrically to them.

8. Wind power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rotation axes of the rotors are arranged coplanarly to the axis of rotation of the tower.

9. Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rotation axes of the rotors are arranged horizontally, and the axis of rotation of the tower is vertical.

10. Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the tower is made in the form of separate sections in height with the possibility of their installation on top of each other.

11. Wind power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the rotor shafts are kinematically connected to each other and to at least one electric generator.

12. Wind power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the shaft of each rotor is autonomously connected to an electric generator, and all electric generators are electrically connected to the electric power consumer through a rotary header installed along the axis of rotation of the tower.

13. Wind power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the tower is mounted on a turntable and is equipped with a reverse drive of its installation along the wind.

14. Wind power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the tower is mounted on a turning axis and is provided with a rigidly connected keel of bringing the tower to the wind.

15. Wind power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that at the outlet of the air outlet there are additional deflecting streams from the tower fairings.

print version
Date of publication 02.02.2007gg