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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2136957

VETROENERGETICSKE DEVICE WITH NON-INFLAMMABLE MOUNTING OF VELVES AND A METHOD OF REGULATION OF THE FREQUENCY OF ROTATION OF WINDROCOLES

The name of the inventor: Malyshkin VM; Kalashnikov S.P.
The name of the patent holder: Malyshkin Viktor Mikhailovich; Kalashnikov Sergey Petrovich
Address for correspondence: 392000 , Tambov, M.Gorkogo St. 16, apt.7, Kalashnikov Sergey Petrovich
Date of commencement of the patent: 1997.12.09

A wind power device with a cantilevered blade attachment and a method for controlling the rotational speed of a wind wheel are related to wind power motors of high power for the use of wind energy and the generation of electrical energy. The technical result consists in increasing the load capacity of the blades and the wind wheel, the unit power of the wind turbine, the reduction in the mass of the blades, is provided by the presence of ropes and stretches providing uniformly distributed transmission of the wind flow response from the blades of the wind wheel to its rims. Increasing the efficiency of the power takeoff of the air flow, providing an alternating voltage of constant frequency for supplying electric power to the network of existing systems in a wider range of wind speed and the rotation speed of the wind wheel is provided by varying the pitch of the blades, which is accomplished by turning the rims of the wind wheel relative to each other. The same purpose is to first alternately disconnect from the load generators connected in series at the minimum speed of the wind wheel, and then alternately connect to the load in parallel, in proportion to the increase in the speed of the wind wheel.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A wind power device with a cantless attachment of blades and a method for controlling the rotational speed of a wind wheel refers to high-power wind power engines for the use of wind energy and the generation of electrical energy.

There are known wind turbines with a diffuser and a wind wheel of the blade, which are cantilevered in the central hub located on the axis of rotation together with the bearing, the mechanism for changing the angle of installation of the blades, the torque transmission system, the reducer and the generator. [1] c. 134. Such a design causes large bending moments in the blades of the wind wheel, especially at the place of their attachment to the hub, imposes a limitation on the diameter of the wind wheel, which causes a high unit cost of the blades of wind power devices. The large mass of the wind wheel generates large inertia forces during rotation, which makes it difficult to stop it without damage.

The object of the invention is to provide a wind-driven device with a wind wheel providing a uniformly distributed transmission of the wind flow response from the rotating blades to the fixed elements.

The proposed wind power device with a cantilevered blade attachment comprises a rotary platform 1 (FIG. 1) for orienting the device in the direction of the wind. On the platform 1 for the concentration of wind energy there is a diffuser 2. In the diffuser 2 there are placed radial fixed stands 3 on which an axial bearing 4 with a horizontal axis 5 is mounted. The bearing 4 can move along its axis relative to the legs 3 and be fixed in a predetermined position.

The wind wheel comprises a front (along the wind flow) rim 6 and a rear rim 7 with a horizontal axis of rotation rotating on the driven wheels 8 and free rollers 9 evenly distributed along the inner perimeter of the diffuser 2. (FIG. For the stable position of the rims 6 and 7, the driven wheels 8 and the free rollers 9 are located on opposite sides along the perimeter of the cross-section of the rims 6 and 7 (FIG. The driven wheels 8 in contact with the rims 6 and 7 are arranged coaxially and connected in pairs by the shafts 10. To control the mutual movement (rotation) of the rims 6 and 7, the shafts 10 comprise controllable, for example electromagnetic, couplings 11 for connecting and disconnecting the shafts 10. With the clutches 11 Synchronous rotation of the rims 6 and 7, and with the clutches 11 disconnected, the rims 6 and 7 are able to rotate relative to each other and rotate at different angular velocities. The shafts 10 connect the driven wheels 8 to synchronous generators 12, which convert the mechanical energy of the wind wheel into an electric one. Synchronous generators 12 control system can be switched off and connected to the load in parallel or in series. Uniform distribution of generators 12 on rims 6 and 7 ensures their uniform loading along the perimeter by moments of resistance to rotation, from the side of generators 12, which in turn reduces the requirements for rigidity of the rims, allows to reduce their mass.

For fixing the blades, the wind wheel comprises radially arranged front cables 13 and rear cables 14. (Fig. 5). The front cables 13 are suspended by one end on the inner rim of the front rim 6 and the other end on the flange of the horizontal axis 5. The rear cables 14 are suspended by one end on the inner rim of the rear rim 7 and the other end on the flange of the horizontal axis 5. The rotation plane of the central points The suspensions 15 and 16 of the cables 13 and 14 (Figure 3) are displaced relative to the plane of rotation of the peripheral points of the suspension 17 and 18 (Figure 2) in the direction opposite to the wind flow so that, under wind load, the deflection lines of the cables 13 and 14 at these points are located in Direction, ensuring a uniform loading of the rims 6 and 7 for example, tangentially to the plane of their rotation. This arrangement of the suspension points provides a reduction in the load from the drag of the blades 19 transmitted to the rims 6 and 7, the driven wheels 8, the free rollers 9 and the diffuser 2. By moving the horizontal axis 5 along the rotational axis of the wind wheel, tension and deflection at the suspension points of the front wheels 13 And the rear 14 cables.

Each wind wheel blade 19 (FIG. 5) is fixed between the front cable 13 and the rear cable 14. The desired inclination angle of the blade 19 to the direction of the wind flow is provided by a relative displacement of the peripheral suspension points 17 and 18 of the front cable 13 and the rear cable 14. The front stretches 20 are fixed One end to the intermediate points of the front cables 13, and the other end to the inner stiffener of the front rim 6 in the direction opposite to the reaction of the wind flow. Similarly, the rear stretches 21 are fixed at one end to the intermediate points of the rear cables 14, and the other end to the inner ridge of the rear rim 7 in the direction opposite to the reaction of the wind flow. The points of attachment of the front stretch marks 20 and the rear stretches 21 on the rims 6 and 7 are distributed so as to ensure an even distribution of the forces transmitted from the rims to the rims 19. The presence of the stretch marks 20 and 21 and reduces the stiffness requirements of the blades 19, .

To brake the wind wheel for control purposes and in emergency situations, brake pads 22 and 23 provide braking for the front rim 6 and the rear rim 7, respectively, when in contact with the lateral surfaces of the inner stiffeners 24 (FIG.

When the air flow is applied to the blades 19 installed at an appropriate angle, the forces transmitted through the front cables 13 and the extensions 20 to the front rim 6 begin to act and through the rear cables 14 and the extensions 21 to the rim 7. A part of these forces creates a torque applied to the While the other forms a force of frontal resistance to the air flow (Figure 5). The frontal resistance of the blades 19 to the wind flow is perceived through the front cables 13, the rear cables 14, the front and rear stretches 20 and 21 by the rims 6 and 7, and under the action of the torque the rims 6 and 7 are rotated counterclockwise when viewed from the side of the oncoming flow . From the rims 6 and 7, the torque is transmitted to the driven wheels 8, and from them through the shaft 10 to the synchronous generators 12. The rotation of the synchronous generators 12 leads to the creation of an electromotive force (EMF) in the circuit.

The speed of rotation of the wind wheel when the wind speed is varied is controlled by changing the angle of installation of the blades 19, and / or by changing the number and circuit of connection to the load of the generators 12.

As the wind speed increases and, correspondingly, the angular velocity of the wind wheel, the automatic control system (not shown in the diagram) simultaneously disables the electromagnetic clutches 11 and includes the brake pads 23. The brake pads 23 are pressed against the lateral surfaces of the rim stiffener 7 so that the total The moment of resistance to rotation of the front rim 6 turned out to be less than the total resistance to the rotation of the rear rim 7. As a result, the rim 7 will slow down and rotate relative to the rim 6, and the inclination angle of the blade 19 with respect to the oncoming stream will decrease. After decreasing to a predetermined inclination angle of the blades 19, the clutches 11 are turned on and the brake pads 23 are retracted from the rim 7 and the rims 6 and 7 continue to rotate synchronously. A decrease in the angle of inclination of the blades 19 results in a reduction in the torque generated by the wind flow and, accordingly, the retention of a predetermined angular velocity.

As the wind speed decreases and, correspondingly, the angular speed of the wind wheel, the automatic control system simultaneously disconnects the electromagnetic clutches 11 and turns on the brake pads 22. The brake pads 22 are pressed against the lateral surfaces of the stiffening rib of the front rim 6 with such force that the total moment of resistance to rotation of the front rim 6 is greater than the total resistance to the rotation of the rear rim 7. As a result, the front rim 6 will slow down and rotate relative to the rear rim 7, and the inclination angle of the blade 19 with respect to the oncoming stream will increase. After increasing to a predetermined inclination angle of the blades 19, the clutches 11 are turned on and the brake pads 22 are retracted from the rim 6. Increasing the inclination angle of the blades 19 results in an increase in the torque generated by the wind flow and, accordingly, the retention of a predetermined angular velocity.

When working with the minimum load (wind speed), all the generators 12 are connected to the electrical load in series. At a low angular rotation speed of the generators 12, each of them creates a small EMF of an alternating current and a constant frequency, but the total EMF of series connected generators 12 is sufficient to supply electric power to the network. The total power output is minimal. An increase in the speed of the wind flow, with a constant angle of inclination of the blades 19, will lead to an increase in the rotation speed of the wind wheel, the current strength, the EMF on each generator, and the total power produced by all the series-connected generators. The automatic control system alternately turns off the generators 12 so that the total EMF is within the specified range, and the increase in the torque acting on the wind side is balanced by the total moment of resistance to rotation from the generator 12 connected in series to the load. When the rotational speed of the wind wheel is influenced by the wind Flow will increase to a speed at which the control system leaves only one in the generator circuit 12, it will also alternately connect the generators 12 to the network, but not in series but in parallel. In this case, each generator generates an EMF with a nominal voltage for these generators and the network. The total power generated by the generators continues to increase.

Due to the large number of installed generators 12, their alternate shutdown or shutdown allows the multistage control of the moment of resistance to rotation of the wind wheel and thereby ensure the regulation of the angular speed of rotation of the wind wheel.

To stop the wind wheel in emergency situations, the brake pads 22 and 23 are pressed by the control system to the side surface of the stiffener ribs of the rims 6 and 7, creating a moment of frictional forces directed opposite to the rotation of the wind wheel. The location of the brake pads 22 and 23 (Fig.2) on the periphery of the wind wheel allows to increase the braking efficiency and reduce the possibility of breakage of the blades.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Ed. D.de Renzo. Wind energy, Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1982, p. 134.

CLAIM

1. A wind power device with a cantilever fastening of the blades of a wind wheel, comprising a central bearing, peripheral supports, a horizontal axis of rotation, an energy concentrator in the form of an inlet tapering cone-shaped diffuser, a generator and a paddle steering system, characterized in that the wind wheel comprises at least two rotating rims between The front and rear cables are fastened with blades, the front and rear edges being connected by front and rear stretches with the rims, and the plane of rotation of the central suspension points of the cables on which the blades are attached is offset relative to the plane of rotation of the peripheral suspension points in the direction opposite to the wind flow.

2. A method for controlling the rotational speed of a wind wheel kinematically coupled to generators by varying the angle of inclination of the blades to the incoming flow, characterized in that the pitch of the blades is changed by rotating the rims of the wind wheel relative to each other.

3. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that the generators connected in series at the minimum speed of the wind wheel are disconnected in turn from the load (from the circuit) and then alternately connected to the load in parallel (in a chain) in proportion to the increase in the speed of the wind wheel.

print version
Date of publication 01/18/2007

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