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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2070658
ROTOR VERTICAL-AXIAL WIND-MOTOR
The name of the inventor: Tazlov VV; Mozzhilkin VV; Chernov AM; Blinkov Yu.A. Markushin AG
The name of the patent owner: Limited Liability Partnership "Aircraft"
Address for correspondence:
The effective date of the patent: 1994.02.22
Usage: used in wind power. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a rotor of a vertical-axial windmill with a limitation of the rotational speed, performed by turning the blades 2 directly by their suspension system. In the rotor, the points of suspension of each blade 2 are displaced along the rotation about its center of gravity. Together with the centrifugal forces from the weight of the blade, this displacement bends the resiliently flexible traverse 3, taking the blade 2 out of the optimum position. The holders 5 pre-flex the elastic-flexible traverse 3, limiting the outward movement of the blade edge beyond the swept cylinder, thus maintaining the optimum blade position in the initial period of rotation of the rotor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to wind power and allows to limit the growth of the rotor speed after reaching the nominal speed by changing the angle of attack.
The necessity of limiting the rotor speed is due to the following circumstances. At a wind speed greater than the working speed, an increased power take-off is possible, but in cases of using an electric drive, the power take-off is limited by the generator's setting power and in strong winds, an increase in rotor speed increases the centrifugal force acting on the blades square. It is necessary to increase the margin of strength of the blades and, consequently, the weight. In turn, increasing the weight of the blades increases the centrifugal force, although in the first degree. To achieve the weight of the blades, lightweight high-strength materials are used, for example, carbon plastics. However, in any case, the cost of the rotor increases. These circumstances force to intensively limit the growth of the rotor speed after reaching the nominal speed, which, in addition to this, can be avoided without the emergency stop mechanism of the rotor, even in the case of storm winds.
The state of the art in this field is characterized by employee information.
The retardation of rotor speed growth is solved by turning each blade around its own vertical axis, changing the profile of the blades or otherwise reducing the efficiency of the interaction of the blades with the air flow after the rotor reaches the nominal speed.
Most often, for turning the blades, various variations of the mechanism working on the principle of a centrifugal regulator are used.
The most characteristic and simple in design, providing all the necessary specific functions of a centrifugal regulator, is a device for limiting the rotation speed of a wind turbine with a vertical axis [International Application No. 82/04103, ICI F 03 D 7/06, publ. 25.11.82 in which the blades of the Daryer rotor are hinged on the supporting tubular knitting needles, which drive the drive. Inside the tubular spokes with the functions of the centrifugally adjustable force and the movable thrust, the end of the packet of leaf springs is clamped on the head of rotation of the rotor. In this case, the package of springs is pre-bent and its center of gravity is shifted forward along the rotor rotation axis relative to the axis of the blade suspension. When the rotor speed is increased, the centrifugal force increases due to the weight of the package, the package springs unbend and the free end of the bag, selecting a predetermined gap in advance (ensuring that the nominal speed reaches the rotor), press the blade's rigid projection, starting to turn the blade in the hinge hinge about the vertical axis . Naturally, the higher the rotor speed, the greater the centrifugal force that unbends the stack of springs, and the greater the blade rotation, which reduces the efficiency of the blade's interaction with the air flow.
The disadvantage of the device considered is the complexity of regulation and manufacturing, and the presence of backlashes and friction-moving elements can not ensure a long and reliable operation without good lubrication under conditions of solar radiation, dust, moisture and fog.
From the above-mentioned operational shortcomings, the "Windmill Rotor" is available on the Auto. St. USSR No. 1601411 of 30.11.88, publ. BI N 39 from 23.10.90 (prototype). In the prototype of the rotor of the vertical axial windmill, each blade is held by holders, hinged at the ends, and a traverse rigidly fixed in the middle part. In this case, the center of gravity of the blade does not coincide with the suspension points along the rotation angle. This discrepancy under the influence of centrifugal forces causes twisting of the blade ends of the relative middle part, i. The interaction of the blades with the air flow worsens. Thus, the function of the movable thrust of the centrifugal regulator is performed by twisting elastic-flexible blades, bending under the action of centrifugal forces from their own weight, i. E. Without a specially installed load.
The disadvantage of the prototype is the complexity of obtaining elastically flexible profiled, with increased fatigue strength of the blades. In addition, there is no provision for the "forward preset clearance", i. E. It is impossible to simultaneously obtain optimal angles of attack in the rotation interval of the rotor: start the nominal speed.
The objective of the claimed invention is to create a simple, durable rotor of a vertical axial windmill with speed limitation by providing the functions of the centrifugal regulator directly with the rotor elements.
The essence of the invention consists in the fact that a rotor of a vertical axial windmill is provided comprising a vertical head with a drive, movable points of the suspension of the blades located on it, and elastic-flexible traverses fixed rigidly to the head and blades. In this case, the points of the suspension of the blade to the traverses are displaced along the rotor rotation relative to the center of gravity of the blade, and the elastically flexible traverses are preloaded in the plane of rotation of the rotor by holders freely penetrating and limiting by means of stops the outward extension of the blade beyond the cylinder swept by the rotor.
New in the proposed technical solution is that the traverses of the blade are elastic-flexible and pre-bendingly loaded in the plane of rotation of the rotor with supports with an emphasis, freely penetrating the blade and limiting the flight of the blade beyond the swept cylinder.
The entire set of essential features is sufficient to achieve the technical result provided by the invention, which consists in the fact that the rotation function of the blades is accomplished by bending the preloaded elastic-flexible support traverses rigidly fixed at the suspension points, displacing the center of gravity of the blade relative to the suspension point, The frequency of rotation of the rotor by the centrifugal forces from the weight of the blade acts as a centrifugally adjustable force bending the elastic-flexible traverse with the said rotation of the blade.
The holder with the stop, limiting the extension of the blade edge beyond the cylinder, swept by the rotor, flexibly loads the elastic-flexible traverse in the plane of rotation and keeps the blade in the optimal position to obtain the nominal rotor speed, functioning in a similar manner to the previously defined gap in one of the above-discussed technical solutions .
The figure shows schematically a section of the windmill passing through the suspension points of the holder.
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The dashed line in Fig. Shows the trajectory of the deflection of the traverse carrying the blade. A direct arrow shows the direction of centrifugal force from the weight of the blade. The circular arrow shows the direction of rotation of the rotor, The rotor comprises a drive with a vertical head 1, a blade 2, an elastically flexible carrier crosspiece 3 rigidly fixed by one end on the head 1 and the other at a suspension point 4 of the blade 2, a holder 5 with an abutment 6 defining the edge of the blade 2 beyond the diameter of the swept Rotor of the cylinder. The holder 5 freely penetrates the blade 2 through the opening 7. The holder 5, by means of an abutment 6, adjusts the blade 2 in an optimal position while flexibly loading the elastic-flexible crosspiece 3 in the rotational plane of the rotor. In the embodiment, the number of blades 2 of the traverse 3 and the holders 5 is not regulated, for example, the number of holders 5 can be zero. The fasteners 5 can be located either front or rear of the resiliently flexible traverse 3. The rotor operates as follows: the blade 2 adjusted by means of the holder 5 with the stopper 6 rotates the rotor by a nominal speed, converting the wind energy into torque for power take-off by means of a vertical head with a drive 1. At the nominal rotor speed, the centrifugal force due to the blade weight 2 , Formed by the displacement a, bend the resiliently flexible crosspiece 3 by means of the end of the crosspiece 3 rigidly fixed at the suspension point 4 and thus free the holder 5. The further increase in the rotor speed increases the centrifugal forces that bend the traverses 3. |
The displacement along the rotor rotation of the point of the suspension of the blade relative to its center of gravity. As a result, the blade 2 starting to rotate about the vertical axis leaves the optimum position, which degrades the efficiency of the interaction of the blade 1 with the air flow and thereby limits the rotor speed. In this case, the holder 5 freely moves in the opening 7. The edge of the blade 2 extends from the abutment 6 to the inner side.
As the rotor speed decreases, the centrifugal forces decrease and the elastic-flexible crossheads 3 return the blades 2 to their original position.
Advantages of the proposed design are the simplicity, reliability and durability of the speed limitation mechanism, which are caused by the absence of wearing parts and specific elements inherent in the mechanism of centrifugal regulation by turning the blades.
CLAIM
A rotor of a vertical axial windmill containing a vertical head with a drive, holders with movable points of the suspension of blades, traverses rigidly attached to the head, and blades in which the suspension points are offset relative to their center of gravity, characterized in that the arms are resiliently flexible Are loaded in the plane of rotation of the rotor with supports, freely penetrating the blades and limiting their flight beyond the cylinder they sweep.
print version
Date of publication 17.03.2007gg
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