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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2049263

BLADE windwheels

BLADE windwheels

Name of the inventor: Budnikov VF .; Nicholas L.
The name of the patentee: Nicholas Leo V.
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1991.02.07

Use: in the wind industry. The inventive propeller blade elements are in the form rigidly interconnected front portion of the fairing and the shank mounted coaxially with the formation of channels, the frontal part of the fairing and the shank are formed as bodies of revolution and the ends of the front part and the shank are made open.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the power engineering and can be used in hydraulic driving wheels, wind turbines.

Known wind power plant comprising a wind wheel with hollow blades mounted on the tower hollow windows within which are fixed to the turbine generator, and at the end of each vane pump is installed, for example, a jet equipped with the propeller speed controller. In this flow of the pump is formed by two channels diffuse performed coaxially at an angle to the vane axis and an annular channel connected to the cavity of the latter, and the speed controller is designed as a spring-loaded valve with a load that is built into the wall of one of the diffusers [1]

The disadvantages of wind power unit is its structural complexity, low utilization of wind energy, but also limited the scope of its application.

Known blade (prototype) containing the primary wing, at the toe which set the secondary wing or slat is movable between the working and idle positions [2] In the operating position slat (secondary wing) is located relative to the primary wing with a gap through which can pass the air flow .

In the idle position tight to the slat primary toe wing and actually acts as this sock. Slat moves to the operating position under the force of the spring and returns to the idle position, overcoming the force is the centrifugal force.

The main drawback of the known blade is the low utilization of wind energy, due to the fact that the aerodynamic force, rotating propeller, occurs mainly in the case of the incoming wind flow. A further disadvantage is the occurrence of a known blade tip vortices therein, that results in the inhibition of blade.

The purpose of the present invention eliminate these drawbacks and increase the coefficient of wind energy by wind flow and further preventing tip vortices occurring at the ends of the blade.

This object is achieved in that the elements of the propeller blades are in the form rigidly interconnected front portion of the fairing and the shank mounted coaxially with the formation of the annular channels, the tail section and the shank are formed by rotation about the axis of an airfoil, respectively, positive and negative curvature radome made in a rotation body with conical and hemispherical portions, directed towards the frontal part and the shank, respectively, and the ends of the latter are made open.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the inventive blade, longitudinal section; Figure 2 parallelogram of forces acting on the blade when the wind stream is directed parallel to the axis of symmetry in the front end opening portion; Figure 3 parallelogram of forces acting on the blade when the wind stream is directed in parallel to the axis of symmetry of the tail end opening part; 4 wind flow directed perpendicular to the axis of symmetry in the annular gap between the front and rear portions; Figure 5 a general view of a wind turbine rotor with blades mounted with respect to each other at an angle of about 120; 6 the cross section B-B in Figure 5; 7 outdoor wind stream is directed at an angle 45 to the axis of symmetry of the blade.

BLADE windwheels BLADE windwheels
BLADE windwheels BLADE windwheels
BLADE windwheels

The proposed blade is a component in the form of an airfoil, and includes in series on the same axis of symmetry to form an air channel between the separable elements: the frontal portion 1 and the shank 2 cowl 3, each of which is a rotating body. And the frontal part 1 is a body of revolution formed by rotating the wing-shaped profile, for example Zhukovsky profile with positive curvature, ie, bulge outwardly around the axis of symmetry 4. Shank 3 and represents the body of rotation formed by rotating around the axis of symmetry of a wing profile element 4 with negative curvature, i.e. bulge inward. In this frontal piece 1 is fixedly connected (by any known method, for example, via linkage) with a fairing 2 to form between them air passages 5 and 6. The shank 3 is connected in a similar manner with a fairing 2 therebetween air channels 7 and 8. sequentially interconnected channels 5, 6, 7 and 8 form a loop which is moved by the wind flow coming in through holes 9 and 10, respectively the frontal part of the shank 1 and 3.

Frontal 1 and 3, the tail portion arranged in series along the axis of symmetry to form between them an annular channel 11. The blades are arranged uniformly over the circumference of the impeller (5), for example, at an angle of 120 using a fastening hole 12 in the body 2 and the fairing hollow horizontal rod 13, kinematically connected with a vertical support rod 14 rotatably mounted in support bearing 15.

The blade operates as follows.

Consider the case when the direction of wind flow coincides with the direction of the axis of symmetry (2).

In this case, the wind flow is directed to the front end opening 9 of the 1. 2, the following notation:

the main wind flow;

1 averaged air duct airflow vector in the lower part of the frontal section 6 one;

1 = + 1 sub-vector perpendicular to the lifting force arising in the frontal part of the profile 1;

M 1 N 1 imaginary line parallel to the vector 1 (lines of action);

1 lift occurring in the lower front part of the profile 1;

1, the driving force, which is a horizontal projection of geometric lift.

Geometric construction of vectors of forces acting on the blade are made in Figure 2 for the lower section of the front part 1. Similar to the construction of the upper section of the front part 1 and for any other section of the front part 1, passing through the axis of symmetry 4.

2 averaged vector of airflow in the lower section of the tail section 8, the channel 2;

2 = + 2 auxiliary vector directed perpendicular to the lifting force arising in the profile of the tail section 2;

M 2 N 2 imaginary line parallel to the vector 2;

2 lift that occurs in the lower profile of the tail section 2;

2 pulling force, which is a horizontal projection of geometric lift 2.

Geometric constructions of the force vectors acting on the blade 2 is formed on the lower section of the rear portion 2. Similar constructions for the upper part of the tail section 2 and any other part of the tail section passing through the axis 4 of symmetry.

At the entrance to the air the wind flow 9 through the opening into the air ducts 5, 6, 7 and 8 (Figure 2), it becomes an internal wind (air) flow 1, which is on the end inner edge of the front part 1 actually acts as a jet pump (injector), which prevents the disruption of the flow of the wind from the outer surface and the appearance of favoring the circulation of the vector around the profile of the frontal part. Similarly, the air ejection holes 10 of the shank 3 acts as a jet pump (ejector) and prevents the stall from the outer surface of the shank 3, and favors the emergence vector circulation around the profile of the shank 3. A similar picture emerges for the other figures 3 and 4, i.e. due to the fact that the wing members are in the form of bodies of revolution, they are not "end" inherent in conventional aircraft wing, and therefore no blade end vortex with significant resistance to movement.

In the drawings used in the construction of vectors only qualitative characteristics, i.e. recorded only their direction rather than algebraic quantities furthermore not taken into account the resistance force arising from flow effects on the blade.

In three-dimensional space has a set of lift forces i, conditionally generating two truncated cones (to the front part 1 and the shank 3) enlarged portions, i.e. large base of which are directed in the direction of movement (the frontal part of the front).

A more complex picture emerges when the flow is not directed along the symmetry axis and not perpendicular to it (7).

Suppose, for example, the flow is directed at an angle of 45 to the axis of symmetry. At the entrance of the external wind flow the upper end opening portion of it in the duct 7 for the internal air flow 9 and the rear part 3 acts as a jet pump (injector), the air suction channel 5 from the frontal portion. The flow in the channel 5 is weaker than in the channel 7. At the entrance of the external wind flow aperture 9 in the front part 1 is split into two streams, one 7 rushes into the front part of the channel 6, other 10, under the action of forces injection 7, in the frontal part of the 1 channel 5.

Airflow 9 acts as a jet pump (ejector), increasing the flow 10.

Flow 8, leaving channel 6, partially sucked by the action 9, Canal 8.

FIG. 7 shows the case where | 10 | > | |, Since in any case, when | 10 | > | | or | 10 | <| | always the angle between 10 and close to 90, and therefore | 10 | min | i |.

The lower part of the shank (Fig. 7) is a bluff body, followed by the detachment of the external flow to form a stagnation zone in which the pressure constantly. On the other hand, in the duct 8 air movement occurs. According to Bernoulli's equation P / r + 1 / 2V 2 = const.

Thus, at the lower edge of the shank bottom pressure P F is equal to the total pressure lower= r + 1 / 2V 2, wherein the pressure p in the channel 8. From the bottom -p = P 1/2 r V 2> 0; the resulting R 8 is directed approximately perpendicular to the chord of M 8 N 8 Profile and its geometric projection of T 8 on the horizontal directed towards the frontal part.

In any case, the direction of the resultant e i 7 is the same as in Figures 1-3, although it will be weakened due to the fact that one of the possible cases:

1) | 10 | small area 10 is the same as the other i;

2) | 10 | small area 10 is opposite to the rest i;

3) | 10 | = 0.

Operating wind turbine blade causes movement of a wheel in the case when f i greater resistance force, by which means the power of the wind flow pressure resistance, wind flow friction and friction in the bearings, but also the pulling forces occurring during subsonic body of revolution flow (paddles) at an angle of attack in connection with vacuum which is formed on the front the edge of the front part of the blade 1.

2, 3, 4 and 7 clearly shows that the channels formed in the 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the wind stream is directed along the inner surface along the inner edges of the front part 1, the radome 2 and the shank 3. The resulting buoyancy wherein i (by Zhukovsky theorem) is directed perpendicular to the flow. It will be maximized when the wind stream is directed strictly end openings 9 and 10 and will be attenuated when the main wind stream directed side in the annular channel 11 between the front part 1 and the liner 3.

In other words, for any direction of the wind flow of the external and compliance with the conditions under which the sum of the forces i is greater than the sum of the forces of resistance offered by the blade during movement organized the frontal part 1 forward; It is always the same.

CLAIM

BLADE windwheels comprising interconnected elements mounted to form a channel, characterized in that, in order to improve energy efficiency of the wind, the elements are in the form rigidly interconnected front portion of the fairing and the shank mounted coaxially to form annular channels, this tail portion of the shank and formed around the axis of rotation of the airfoil, respectively, positive and negative curvature fairing is made as a rotation body with tapered hemispherical portions and directed to the shank and the front part, respectively, and the ends of the latter are made open.

print version
Publication date 30.03.2007gg