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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2254494
CONVERTER OF WIND AND WAVE ENERGY
The name of the inventor: Aliev A.S.
The name of the patent holder: Aliyev Abdulla Sirazhutdinovich (RU); Aliyeva Beskhanum Ziyadovna (RU)
Address for correspondence: 367003, Makhachkala, 1 st Sadoviy per., 8b, AS Aliyeva
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.09.10
The invention relates to the field of renewable energy sources, namely wind and hydropower. The technical result consists in a significant increase in the power of the energy converter and in increasing sensitivity to weak wind and water flows. The transducer comprises rotatable platforms interconnected through levers, each with a blade (sail), and a further interconnected motion transducer and a blade orientation and fixation unit installed at the center and interacting with all blades and a weather vane installed at the center of the transducer. In the wave version of the wind and wave energy converter, the rotating platforms are made in the form of hermetically sealed airflow chambers on which flat blades and associated fixed asterisks are mounted, with the possibility of free rotation around vertical stands, the asterisks through chains and cables kinematically connected to the corresponding segment Asterisks.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of renewable energy sources, namely wave and wind energy, and their transformation into other types, mainly into electrical energy.
The wind power plant [1] is known with the use of the main working element in the form of a blade mounted on platforms, which in turn are connected to a composition whose beginning and end are connected together, i.e. form a ring. The composition is set to the appropriate rail track dimensions. The sail has the highest coefficient of wind energy use. Power, developed by the installation, is taken from the shaft of the wheels of the platform.
The disadvantage of this wind power plant is that the orientation of the sail varies synchronously throughout the time of the passage of the platform along the ring road. During this time, the sail makes a half turn (180 °) around its axis (mast).
The wind turbine [2] is also known, which, by its design features, can be indicated as an analog of the proposed energy converter.
This analogue contains a vertical shaft, vertical blades, a weather vane and a control mechanism. The shaft is fixed to the shaft, the blades are made in the form of flat plates and are mounted on the disk with the ability to rotate relative to their vertical axes, on the root parts of which are fixed the upper magnets interacting with the lower magnets. The latter are placed on a turntable connected with a weather vane.
The control mechanism is equipped with a centrifugal speed regulator with a slider, wedge and plate interacting with each other. In this case, the plate is mounted on the platform with the possibility of linear displacement in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the weathervane. The slider of the centrifugal regulator is connected through a wedge with a plate interacting with the lower magnets.
When the upper magnets rigidly fixed on the axes of the blades interact with the lower magnets fixed on the moving platform, the orientation of the blades is changed relative to the direction of the wind.
Each of the blades in the active section assumes a position perpendicular to the direction of the wind, and on the passive side - along the direction.
As a defect of this analogue, one can indicate its constructive complexity. This is due to the need to install magnets and simultaneously change their orientation along the whole circle, where the root part of the vertical axis of the blades (sails) passes.
This feature leads to the fact that this design is difficult to implement in units of considerable power.
The wind power plant [3] is also known, which can be indicated as the closest analogue of the invention (prototype). It contains interconnected platforms installed on a circular path (closed track), each of which, in turn, includes a kinematically connected trolley (trolley) and a blade (sail).
As a shortcoming of the prototype, it is possible to indicate the constructive complexity of the installation, but also that it can not be used to convert the energy of waves.
The technical result consists in a significant increase in the power of the wind power plant due to the simultaneous conversion of the energy of the translational and transverse motion of the waves and is ensured by the fact that the wind and wave energy converter containing the rotating platforms interconnected through levers, on each of which the blade (sail) is mounted An interconnected motion transducer and a knob for changing the orientation and fixing of the blade position, installed in the center and interacting with all the blades and the weather vane installed at the center of the transducer.
The unit for changing orientation and fixing the position of the blade comprises a flange mounted on the blade hub with the ability to rotate by 30 ° and is fixed to the outer spline coupling and the chain locator, cooperating respectively with the internal spline coupling and mutually shifted relative to each other by 60 ° and fixed Segment sprockets, with the internal splined coupling half mounted with the possibility of vertical displacement, with the aid of a spring, connected to the adjusting ring and cooperating through the ring with the profile end with the bearing bearings.
The transducer comprises a connected horizontal blade mounted on a horizontal bracket fixed above the float chamber and an asterisk, and pairs of segment sprockets through the chain and cable are connected with sprockets mounted in respective mutually opposite horizontal blades.
The motion transducer comprises a rotating body and an output shaft rotatable on a fixed post, on which two upper tiers are connected kinematically connected upper and lower overrunning clutches and central bevel gears, each of which engages with satellite gears arranged along the perimeter of the side surface of the casing at regular intervals One above the other vertically, with the satellite gears through the respective overrunning clutches connected to the ratchet wheels, the rotation levers of which through the sleeves are fixedly connected to the tips of the respective paired arms, and the output shaft through the bevel gears is connected to an electric generator (pump) End of the fixed stand.
On the axes of rotation of the lower satellite wheels, the second ratchet wheels are installed, interacting with the levers of the first ratchet wheels, and through the upper and lower cylindrical gears with the corresponding upper overrunning clutches and pinions-satellites.
Rotating platforms are made in the form of a frame of a pyramidal shape, each of which is fitted with a rod and the upper sprocket fixed to it, with the possibility of free rotation on a vertical column; in addition, they contain rigidly mounted on one bushing lower and upper sprockets, The chain is associated with asterisks mounted on the sleeves of the two halves of the blades, the middle sprockets through the chain are connected with an asterisk mounted additionally on the wind vane bushing, and the lower sprockets through the chains and rope - with the corresponding segment sprockets.
Each rotating platform contains an additionally kinematically connected double-clutch coupling, flange and ring with a profile (two-cam) end interacting with two bearings mounted on the platform frame, the upper end plane of which, through the newly introduced spring, interacts with a flange mounted on one bushing with an upper sprocket with The possibility of vertical displacement and coupling through a double-clutch coupling with an average sprocket connected with a weather vane and two halves of the blade.
Rotating platforms are made in the form of sealed, streamlined cameras on which flat blades and associated sprockets are mounted, with the possibility of free rotation around vertical racks, with sprockets through chains and ropes kinematically connected to the corresponding segment sprockets.
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1 shows a general view of a wind energy and wave transducer, where: 1 - converter rack; 2 - rotating platform (float chamber); 3 - the blade; 4 - motion transducer; 5 - the levers are paired; 6 - knot for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades 3; Абб and бса - active and passive parts of rotation of float chambers 2, respectively. |
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FIG. 2 shows a kinematic relationship between the float chamber 2 (wind variant of rotation) with a motion converter 4, 7 - fixed stand; 8 - a stop ring; 9 - the persistent bearing; 10 - a leading gear wheel; 11 - driven gear; 12 - a shaft of a reducer of the electrogenerator (pump); 13 - flat hinges; 14 - asterisk; 15 - a chain; 16 - cable; 17 - the blocks. |
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3 shows a wave version of rotation of the float platform 2 (chambers), where 2K is a horizontal bracket. |
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4 shows a construction of a wind variant of the float platform 2, where: 18 - vertical stand of blade 3; 19 - blade bushing 3; 20 - thrust bearing. |
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FIG. 5 shows the design of an autonomous wind variant of the rotating platform 2, where: 21 - frame is pyramidal; 22 - wheel; 23 - thrust bearing: 24 - rocker; 25 - middle asterisk; 26 - the bushing; 27 - lower sprocket; 28 - upper sprocket; 29 - chain; 30 - sprockets of the two halves of the blade 3. |
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In Fig. 6 shows a second variant of the structure of the rotating platforms 2, where each blade 3 has an autonomous variant of the orientation changing and fixing unit 6 of the two halves of the blades 3, where: 31 - double-clutch clutch; |
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FIG. 7 is a view of the BB in FIG. 6. FIG. |
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In Fig. 8 shows the structure of the assembly 6 for changing orientation and fixing the position of the blades 3, where: 41 - installation ring; |
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FIG. 9 shows a view of the inner 43 and outer 44 splined half couplings. |
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In Fig. 10 is a view of the unfolding of the profile end 49 of the ring 48. |
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FIG. 11 depicts a conical shaped cone, where: 67 - conical cone; |
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FIG. 12 shows a view A-A of FIG. 11. |
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FIG. 13 shows a kinematic diagram of a chain link between segment sprockets 45 and sprockets 14 mounted on single-blade bushings 3. |
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In Fig. 14 is a third embodiment for changing the orientation and fixing of the position of the vertical and horizontal blades where an additional sprocket 82 is mounted on the hub 81 of the weather vane 67. |
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In Fig. 15 shows the kinematic diagram of the chain links between the segment sprockets 45 and the lower sprockets 27 mounted on the sleeves 26 of the blades 3 consisting of two halves and allowing them to rotate in mutually opposite directions by an angle of ± 90 °. |
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In Fig. 16 shows the kinematic linkage of the chain transmission between the asterisk 82 mounted on the pole of the weather vane 67 and the middle sprockets 25 mounted on the rocker arms 24 of the blades 3 consisting of two halves. |
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In Fig. 17 shows the motion transducer 4 combined with the blade orientation change unit 6, where: 83 - output shaft of converter 4; 84 - housing of the motion converter 4 ;. 85 - converter cover 4; 86 - the disk is stationary; 87 - upper and lower overrunning clutches; 88, 89 - upper and lower central bevel gears; 90 - pinions-satellites; 91 - ratchet wheel; 92 - overrunning clutch; 93 - pawl (see Fig. 19); 94 - the lever of the ratchet wheel 91; 95 - the bushing; 96 - an axis of a pinion-satellite; 97 shows the tip of the paired lever 5 (see FIG. 19); 98 - the leading gear; 99 - generator (pump); 100 - the spring. |
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18 shows a second embodiment of the motion transducer, wherein: 101, 102 - first and second cylindrical gears; 103 - the second paired ratchet wheel; 104 - second dog; 105 - the tip of a single lever. |
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FIG. 19 shows a wind and wave energy converter with a first embodiment of the motion transducer of FIG. 8; FIG. Where: 106, 107 - leading and driven bevel gears; 108 - electric generator (pump); 109 - the disk is stationary; 110 - fixation of the angular position. |
The transducer 4 is installed in the sea on a fixed vertical stand 7 so that the float chambers 2 and the motion transducer 4 are at sea level. The rack 7 is installed on a reinforced concrete base with side supports. The transducer 4 can also be suspended above sea level with a horizontal beam.
Floating platform 2 is a sealed chamber of streamlined type torpedo type. 3, the float chambers 2 are in the form of a cylinder. It is desirable to carry them out of plastic.
Blades 3 are installed above the sealed float chambers 2 on vertical posts 18, and they change their orientation by an angle of ± 90 ° relative to the direction of the wind or waves.
To maintain the vertical position of the blades 3, paired levers 5 are used. They consist of two parallel identical rods whose ends are fixed by means of flat hinges 13 to the lateral surfaces of the motion transducer 4 and the float platforms 2. As the platform 2 is raised and lowered on the waves, the support 18 of the blade 3 Retains its vertical position.
In FIG. 1, in the indicated direction of the wind or waves, the platform 2 of the rotation of the platform 2 is active, and the section bsa is passive. In the active region, the blades 3 are oriented perpendicularly, and on the passive side - along the direction of the wind or waves.
With this orientation of the blades 3, the float plates 2 rotate about the vertical upright of the transducer 7 clockwise.
The vertical fixed stand 7 is installed on the seabed near the shore so that the motion transducer 4 is above sea level. The parallel paired levers 5 are mounted one above the other with the help of the flat hinges 13 and are oriented in a vertical plane. They provide verticality of the vane stand 18 as it rotates around the post 7. The motion transducer 4 rotates freely on the fixed stand 7. For this, a fixed stop ring 8 is welded on the stand 7 and a thrust bearing 9 is mounted.
Above the motion transducer 4, a knot 6 is installed on the stand 7 to change the orientation and fixation of the position of the blades 3. The electric generator 12 is mounted on a horizontal disk fixed to the upper end of the column 7. The driven gear 11 is mounted on the shaft of the generator 12. The rotation from the driven gear to the generator 12 Must be transmitted through a reducer.
The reducer is necessary for matching the speed of rotation of the driven gear 11 with the rotor speed of the generator 12.
On the sleeve 19, the blade 3 and the sprocket 14 are fixedly mounted. They are able to freely rotate about the vertical leg 18 and the blade 3. The stand 18 is in turn fixed in the center of the float platform 2. The float chamber 2 must be airtight and be streamlined, Type torpedo. The lifting force of the float chamber 2 should be such as to ensure the above-water position of the asterisk 14 installed in the root part of the blade 3.
The sprocket 14 is in engagement with the chain 15, which then passes into the cables 16 connected to it at both ends of the chain 16. The cables 16 connect both ends of the chain 15 to the ends of the chain 54 engaging the segment sprockets 45. Thus, a closed connection , Transmitting the rotation by an angle of + 60 ° from the segmented asterisks 45 to the respective asterisks 14 of mutually opposing blades 3 and rotating them respectively at angles of ± 90 °.
The blade of FIG. 3 has an elongated horizontally shaped shape. Blade 3 is installed next to the float chamber 2 on a horizontal bracket 2k fixed above the float chamber 2.
This setting of the blade 3 ensures maximum selection of the energy of the sea wave in the most mobile surface layer of its movement.
If it is necessary to simultaneously use the energy of horizontal movement of waves and wind on one shaft with asterisk 14, two blades 3 can be installed: for wind - from above and for wave - from below.
The blade 3 and the sprocket 14 mounted motionlessly on the sleeve 19 freely rotate on the vertical leg 18. The verticality of the leg 18 of the blade 3 is provided by means of parallel paired arms 5. The flat hinges 13 fixedly fixed at a certain distance on the side surfaces of the motion transducer 4 and the float platform (Chambers) 2, when interacting with parallel and identical paired levers 5 ensure free rocking of platforms 2 on waves. At the same time, the posts 18 of the blades 3 keep their vertical position along the whole path of their rotation around the central column, regardless of the height of the wave.
FIG. 5 shows a design of a wind-based ground variant of a rotating platform 2. In this version of the transducer there is no need for a motion transducer 4. The platforms 2 are in the form of a pyramid-shaped frame 21. The frame creates a minimum resistance to the counterflow of air during rotation and provides a stable vertical position of the blade 3, consisting of two halves. The frame 21 is mounted on two wheels 22. On the upper end of the chassis 21, a rocker 24 is mounted on the thrust bearing 23, with which the middle sprocket 25 is fixed. The rocker 24, with the help of the middle sprocket 25, freely rotates around the bush 26. On this bushing 26, And the top 28 stars. The upper sprocket 28 interacts with a chain 29 with two sprockets 30 mounted on the sleeves of the two halves of the blade 3 (see Figs. 5 and 6). In this case, the lower sprocket 27 through the chain 29 and the cable cooperates with the segment sprockets 45.
The middle sprocket 25 through the chain 29 interacts with an asterisk 82 fixedly mounted on the pole of the weather vane 67.
When the direction of the wind changes, the orientation of the weather vane 67 changes. This causes the sprocket 82, which is mounted on the hub 81 of the weather vane 67, to rotate. With the help of the chain 29, this rotation is transmitted to the middle sprockets 25 mounted on the rocker arms 24 of all the blades 3 of the converter. Thus, the orientation of the rocker arms 24 of the blades 3 relative to the direction of the wind is realized.
The orientation of the left and right halves of the blades 3 relative to the beam 24 is changed by means of sprockets 30 mounted on the sleeves 26 and the upper sprocket 28. The kinematic diagram of their connection by means of the chain 29 is shown in Fig. 13.
The upper sprocket 28, fixed on one bushing 26 with the lower sprocket 27, changes its angular position by an angle of ± 90 ° twice per period at points a and b. Such a change in the angular position of the sprockets 27, 28 is effected by a chain linkage of the lower sprocket 27 of each pair of oppositely arranged blades 3 with a corresponding section of segment sprockets 45.
The change in the angular position of the segment sprockets 45 by an angle of 60 ° as they rotate around the fixed post 7 is converted into rotation of the lower sprocket 27 by an angle of ± 90 °. Since, as a whole, during the period, the chain 29 does not change its position relative to the asterisks, it can be replaced with a cable for saving purposes. The cables connect the ends of the two links of the chain 29 to form a closed circuit according to the kinematic scheme in FIG.
The second embodiment of the rotating platform 2 in FIG. Differs from the design of FIG. 5 in that it has an autonomous unit 4 for changing the orientation and fixing of the position of the two halves of the blade 3.
This is achieved by the fact that the middle sprocket holding the orientation of the rocker relative to the direction of the weather vane (wind) through the double-clutch clutch 31 is connected to the flange 32. The flange 32 is mounted on the connecting sleeve 33 with a free vertical movement. To this end, a finger guide 34 is fixedly mounted in the connecting sleeve 33, which runs along the groove vertical 35 in the flange 32. The rotation of the flange 32 is transmitted to the upper sprocket 28 by means of the bushing 33. To change the orientation of the two halves of the blade 3, the platform 2 is rotated about the central wheel. On the upper end face of the frame 36, a thrust bearing and a rocker are connected to the middle sprocket. This sprocket, in turn, is connected to the flange 32 via a double-clutch clutch 31 (see Fig. 7). The flange 32 is connected to the upper end face of the rotating frame 36 by means of a spring 37, which works on twisting and compressing.
The spring 37 turns 180 ° when the frame 36 rotates. At points a and b, the cam flanges of the profile end face of the ring 38 run against the squeeze bearings 39. By means of the fasteners 40, the bearings 39 are mounted on the side legs of the chassis 36. When the ring 38 and the flange 32 are released, the slots of the clutch 31 come out of engagement with each other. In this case, the flange 32, a and the associated upper sprocket 28 rotate 180 ° relative to the stationary rocker 24. With the ratio of the number of teeth of the upper sprocket Z 1 to the number of teeth Z 2 of sprockets 30 mounted on the sleeves of the two halves of the blades 3, Z 1 / Z 2 = 1/2. The latter change their orientation by 90 °. After changing this orientation, the flange 32 again engages the middle sprocket 25, which is accomplished by means of the clutch 31. Thus, the position of the two halves of the blades 3 is fixed throughout the active and passive stages of rotation of the platforms 2. In the active portion, the halves of the blades 3 are oriented perpendicularly Direction of the wind, and on the passive - along this direction.
Fig. 8 shows the structure of the unit 6 for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades 3.
The second stop ring 51 and the second thrust bearing 52 are fixedly mounted on the end of the vertical post 7. A flange 42 with a fixation of the angular position (bolt) 66 is positioned above the bearing 52. Depending on the direction of the wind or wave, the angular position of the flange 42 to which the node 6 for changing orientation and fixing the position of the blade 3. The outer six-finger half-coupling 44 is fixed to the flange 42. Simultaneously, when the angular position of the flange 42 changes, the angular position of the ring with the profile (cam) end 48 changes and the knob 6 for changing the orientation of the blades 3 includes Structural elements 43-55. Elements 56-61 relate to the blade position fixer 3. The orientation change unit 6 ensures rotation of the blades 3 through an angle of ± 90 ° through every 1/6 of the rotation period (60 °) with the presence of six blades 3 in the converter. With four blades 3, this angle is 90 °, and with eight blades -45 °. Accordingly, its number of splines in the half-couplings 43 and 44 and the jaws of the profile end 49 varies.
The knee-changing unit 6 of the blades 3 is movable relative to the flange 42. In this case, the angular position of the blade position fixer 3 does not change. The blade position changing unit 6 is composed of an inwardly connected inner splined half-coupling 43 mutually offset by 60 ° of segmented sprockets 45, intermediate rings 46 and rings with release bearings 47 (see Fig. 8).
The release bearings 47 are moved along the profile (cam) end 49 of the ring 48. The bent ends of the second spring 50 ensure that the bearing 47 is constantly pressed against the profile end 49 of the ring 48.
The interaction of the bearing 47 with the cam-shaped protrusions of the profile end 49 leads to the lifting of the internal splined half-coupling 43 and removes it from the engagement with the outer coupling 44. The spring 50 previously wound rotates clockwise the segmented sprockets 45. Only one of the six segment sprockets 45 Enters into cohesion with the corresponding chain of six and turns one of the blades 3 (in a.) By an angle of + 90 °, the other - (in b.) By an angle of -90 °.
After that, the splines of the half-couplings 43 and 44 again engage in engagement with each other. Since the upper end of the spring 50 enters the opening of the internal splined half-coupling 43, the spring 50 is wound by 60 °. The accumulation of the energy of the twist of the spring 50 changes the orientation of the next pair of blades 3, which at this time appear at points a and b of the trajectory of their movement around the vertical column through the 1/6 rotation period of the platforms 2 (see FIG. 1).
In the next half period with blades 3, the lower segment sprockets 45 of each of the three pairs interact in sequence. The rotation angle of the blades 3 in each pair is reversed. Thus, each of the blades 3 changes its position by an angle of ± 90 ° at points a and b. At point a, the blade 3 is installed perpendicular to the direction of the wind (or wave), and at point b, it becomes along this direction.
The angular position of the six-finger half-couplers 44 is rigidly connected to the angular position of the profile end 49 of the ring 48.
When changing the direction of the wind or waves, it is necessary to change the angular position of the flange 42 and the ring 48 with the profile (cam) end 49 and fix the angular position with the bolt 66.
The mounting ring 41 has an opening for drowning the lower end of the spring 50. The concentric groove in the mounted ring prevents the radial displacements of the rotational members of the unit 6 to change the orientation of the blades 3.
The blade position adjuster 3 comprises three identical retractable spring-loaded sections. Each section thus includes a bracket with two teeth 55, a spring 56, gaskets 57, a stop bar 58 and two lateral guides 59.
Each section encompasses a pair of chains 54 and fixes their position between the cycles of their adhesion to segmented asterisks.
The teeth in all the brackets 55 are on the same vertical and in turn interact with the corresponding segment sprockets 45. The splitting of the claw 55 of the blade position fixing unit 6 occurs when the corresponding segment sprocket 45 (one of the two) approaches the upper or lower prong 55 and pushes the prong From the chain 54. In this case, both chains 54 are released, and the interconnected chains 54 are shifted to either side, depending on which of the segment asterisks 45 (upper or lower) interacts with the chain.
The teeth 55 in the brackets in each section are connected to each other at a certain distance between them. This distance depends on the distance between the two chains 54 and is determined by the thickness of the gasket 57. The spring 56 is positioned between the stop bar 58 and the gasket 57. It provides the necessary force to wedge the pinion 55 into the chain 54 and for its wedging with the approach of the corresponding segment sprocket 45.
All three sections of the position lock 6 are fixedly connected to the flange 42, the angular position of which is set and fixed by the bolt 66. In this case, the angular position of the flange 32 relative to the adjusting ring 41 can vary automatically depending on the direction and speed of the wind.
In order to prevent angular displacements of the blade position fixing unit 6 relative to the internal spline half-coupling 43, it is mounted on two parallel guide rods 60. The rods 60 are in turn fixedly mounted on the ring 46 with the release bearings 47.
The converter of wind and wave energy can work without a motion converter 4, which greatly simplifies the design of the converter. In this case, only the energy of the current medium, wind or water, is used.
The motion transducer is used when it is necessary to convert the lifting and lowering energy of the float platform 2 (chambers) to waves.
It should be noted that the motion transducers in FIG. 17 and in FIG. 18 can be used autonomously without the device 6 for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades 3 and without the blades 3, with one or more float chambers 2 (without blades 3) as an independent wave motor.
In Fig. 8 shows the construction of the converter of wind and wave energy without a motion converter 4.
In this case, a rotating mounting ring 41 is mounted on the vertical support 7 by means of the thrust ring 8 and the thrust bearing 9, which is connected by means of flat hinges 13 and levers with rotating on wheels (or floating) platforms 2 on which the blades 3 and associated with 14. The ring 41 is fixedly connected to the coaxial output shaft 61 and the drive gear 62 of the converter.
The drive gear 62 transmits rotation to the driven gear 63 mounted on the shaft of the electric generator (pump) gearbox. The power generator 12 is mounted on a stand 65 fixedly fixed to the stand 7.
When using a motion transducer (PD), the role of the locating ring 41 is played by the transducer housing 4.
To automatically adjust the speed of the output shaft of the inverter 61, it is necessary to change the orientation of the blades ahead or delayed with respect to the direction of the wind (a-b). The angle of displacement can vary from 0 to 45 ° depending on the speed of the wind or waves. At hurricane speeds (more than 40 m / s) with a displacement angle of 45 °, self-locking of the converter takes place, because The positive and negative moments of rotation created by the blades 3 on the active and passive sections of the trajectory of their rotation compensate each other.
To solve this problem, a frusto-cone shaped weathervane (see Fig. 11) is used, which interacts with the flange 42. Depending on the wind speed, the angular position of the flange 42 should be adjustable from 0 to 30 °.
This angular offset of 30 ° is transformed by a chain transmission into an angle of 45 °, to which the phase of switching the orientation of the blades 3 is shifted. For this, the ratio of the number of teeth of the segment sprockets Z 1 to the number of teeth of the lower sprockets 27 Z 2 must be Z 1 -2, Z 2 -3.
The conical shape of the cone 67 in FIG. 11 comprises a cylindrical sleeve 68 and radial racks 69. Here, the sleeve 68 moves freely in the longitudinal direction along the horizontal tubular arm 70. At one end, the lever 70 is fixed at 90 ° angularly to the hub 81 of the weather vane 67, and the other end is connected to the weather vane 67 by the other end.
The cable 73, which is pulled along the axis of the tubular lever 70, moves the weather vane 67 to the stop 74.
The cable 73, by means of two blocks 75 mounted on the ends of the arms 76, fixedly connected to the leg 81 of the weather vane 67, transfers the movement of the weather vane 67 to the lever 78. The lever 78 is fixedly connected to the flange 42 and by a spring 79, the other end of which is connected to the wind vane bushing 81, fixes the initial position of the flange 42.
The tension force of the spring 79 must provide the necessary force of pressing the weather vane 67 against the stop 74.
Selecting the parameters of the spring, and the weather vane - the area of the lateral surface, the diameters of the upper and lower end sections, it is possible to adjust the converter so that the speed of rotation of the output shaft does not change when the wind speed varies over a wide range of wind speeds from 5 to 40 m / s.
Turning the flange 42 through an angle of 0 to 30 ° changes the angular position of the assembly 6 to change the orientation and fix the position of the blade 3 (see Fig. 8).
In Fig. 11, a sprocket 82 is additionally fixed on the wind vane hub. This sprocket 82 is connected to chain 29 with all medium sprockets 25, which orient the rocker arms 24 of the blades 3 consisting of two halves. The asterisks 82 and 25 have the same number of teeth. Thus, the weather vane 67 installed in the center of the transducer changes the orientation of the rocker arms 24 of all the blades 3.
To change the orientation of the two halves of the blades 3 with respect to the beam 24, a chain link between the segment sprockets 45 and the lower sprockets 27 is used. The ratio of the teeth of these sprockets Z 1 / Z 2 equal to 2/3 ensures the rotation of the left and right halves of the blades 3 in mutually opposite directions Angle ± 90 °. The upper sprockets 28 are in turn connected to the sprockets 30 mounted on the sleeves 19 of the two halves of each blade 3. The sprockets 28 and 30 have the same diameter and number of teeth.
The motion transducer 4 functions as follows.
The thrust ring 8 is fixedly mounted on the stand 7, and the thrust bearing 9 is fixed on it. Above the thrust bearing 9 is mounted a body 84 of the transducer of movement 4 of a cylindrical shape.
If the motion transducer 4 is used as a self-contained wave engine, then its housing 84 is mounted on the thrust ring 8 motionless without the thrust bearing 9.
On the stand 7, the output shaft 83 of the energy converter 4 is mounted with the possibility of free rotation. At the upper end of it, the driving gear 98 is fixedly fixed. On the shaft 83, with the help of the overrunning clutches 87, an upper 88 and lower 89 central bevel gears are mounted. Six upper gears-satellites 90 engage the central upper gear. Similarly, six lower conical gears-satellites 90 engage in engagement with the central bottom gear 89.
The gears-satellites 90 are installed symmetrically at regular intervals (60 °). In this case, the upper and lower gears-satellites 90 are arranged one on top of the other along a single vertical. On the rotational axes of the gears-satellites 90, corresponding ratchet wheels 91 are installed. The ratchet wheels 91 are connected to the satellite gears 90 through the overrunning couplings 92 of the type I [4], transmitting rotation in only one direction [3]. On the rotational axis of the pinion gear 90, a sleeve 95 is mounted, to which the ratchet wheel arm 94 and the tip 97 of one of the paired arms 5 are rigidly connected. At the end of the lever 94, a spring-loaded pawl 93 is mounted to rotate the ratchet wheel 91. The rotation of the ratchet wheel 91 is transmitted via the overrunning clutch 92 to the satellite gear 90 and further to the corresponding central conical gear 88 or 89.
The rotation from the central gears 88, 89 through the respective overrunning clutches 87 is transmitted to the output shaft of the converter 83 and the drive gear 98 mounted thereon.
This pinion 98 drives the driven gear 11 mounted on the gear shaft of the generator 99.
Referring to Fig. 18, the drive converter drives the output shaft to rotate both when lifting the float chamber 2 and when it is lowered. For this, it is necessary that the total weight of the float platform 2 with the blade be equal to half the weight of the seawater displaced by the submerged part of the float chamber 2.
In this case, the moments of rotation created by the lever 5 when it is raised and lowered will be equal to each other. On one axis, two ratchet wheels 91 and 103 are installed, which operate in turn. Thus, when the lever 5 is raised, the pawl 104 causes the wheel 103 and the associated cylindrical gear 101 to rotate and the gear wheel 102. The rotation is then transmitted through the type 1 override sleeve 92 [4] to the bevel pinion-satellite 90. This pinion 90 is in engagement with the central gear 88 installed by the overrunning clutch 87. The overrunning clutches 87 and 92 allow the rotation of all six pinion gears 90 freely to the output shaft of the converter 83, automatically disconnecting those links that create negative moments and prevent it Rotation.
Likewise, the lower gears-satellites 90 which through the overrunning clutches 92 are connected to the second ratchet wheels 103 and transmit the rotation to the lower central bevel gear 89. This gear is mounted on the output shaft and by the overrunning clutch 87.
Referring to Fig. 19, the design of the energy converter transforms the wind energy resulting in the rotation of the float chambers 2, as well as the energy of the waves, leading to transverse vibrations of said chambers, into electrical energy. An electric generator with a gearbox 108 is mounted on a fixed disk 109 fixed to the upper end of the vertical post. The rotation of the output shaft through the drive 106 and the driven gear 107 is transmitted to the gear shaft of the generator 108. Depending on the speed of the wind and the waves, the necessary angular position of the knob 6 for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades 3 is fixed, which is fixed by the fixation of the angular position 110.
At the output of the converter, a screw pump can also be installed. In this case, there is no need to synchronize the rotational speed of the output shaft of the converter.
The converter can be used as a propeller engine for boats that can swim in the seas without fuel consumption.
INFORMATION SOURCES
1. RU, №2125182 C1, cl. F 03 D 5/04, January 20, 1999.
2. RU, №2153599 С1, F 03 D 7/06, 27.07.2000.
3. SU, No. 1275114 A1, cl. F 03 D 5/00, 07.12.1986.
4. Anuriev V.I. Handbook of the designer of the machine builder. Volume 2, Moscow: Mechanical Engineering, 1980, pp. 209-215.
CLAIM
1. A wind and wave energy converter comprising rotatable platforms interconnected through levers, each having a blade (sail), characterized in that it further comprises an interconnected motion transducer and a blade orientation and fixing unit mounted at the center and interacting with all Blades and weather vane, installed in the center of the converter.
2. The wind and wave energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade orientation change and fixation unit comprises a flange mounted on the blade hub rotatably 30 ° and fixedly connected to the outer spline coupling and the chain locator interacting respectively With an internal splined coupling and mutually shifted relative to each other by 60 ° and connected by fixed segment sprockets, with the internal splined coupling half mounted vertically displaceable, by means of a spring, connected to the adjusting ring and cooperating through the ring with the profile end with the bearing bearings.
3. The wind and wave energy converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a connected horizontal blade mounted on a horizontal bracket fixed above the float chamber and an asterisk, and pairs of segment sprockets through the chain and cable are associated with sprockets mounted in Corresponding to mutually opposite horizontal blades.
4. The wind and wave energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the motion transducer comprises a housing and an output shaft rotatable on a fixed post, on which the kinematically connected upper and lower overrunning clutches and central bevel gears are mounted in two tiers, each of which includes In cohesion with satellite gears located along the periphery of the side surface of the body at regular intervals one above the other vertically, with the satellite gears through corresponding overrunning clutches connected to the ratchet wheels, the rotation levers of which through the sleeves are fixedly connected to the tips of the corresponding paired arms, except Moreover, the output shaft through the bevel gears is connected to an electric generator (pump) installed on the end of the fixed stand.
5. The wind and wave energy converter according to claim 4, characterized in that, on the axes of rotation of the lower satellite wheels, second ratchet wheels are installed cooperating with the levers of the first ratchet wheels and through the upper and lower cylindrical gears with the respective upper overrunning clutches and pinions- Satellites.
6. The wind and wave energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating platforms are in the form of a pyramidal-shaped frame, each of which is equipped with a rod and the upper sprocket associated therewith, which is freely rotatable on a vertical post, The lower and upper sprockets rigidly mounted on one bushing are attached, the upper sprockets through the chain being connected to sprockets mounted on the sleeves of the two halves of the blades, the middle sprockets through the chain are connected with an asterisk mounted additionally on the wind vane bushing, and the lower sprockets through chains and rope - With the corresponding segment asterisks.
7. The wind and wave energy converter according to claim 6, characterized in that each rotating platform comprises an additionally kinematically coupled double-clutch coupling, a flange and a ring with a profile (two-cam) end interacting with two bearings mounted on the platform frame, the upper end face of which Through the newly introduced spring interacts with a flange mounted on one sleeve with the top sprocket, with the possibility of vertical displacement and coupling through a double-clutch coupling with an average sprocket connected with a weather vane and two halves of the blade.
8. The wind and wave energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating platforms are made in the form of hermetically sealed airflow chambers on which flat blades and associated stars are mounted, with the possibility of free rotation around the vertical posts, while the sprockets Through chains and ropes are kinematically connected with the corresponding segment asterisks.
print version
Date of publication 02.04.2007gg
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