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WIND POWER PLANTS. Wind turbines
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2075633

WIND MOTOR

WIND MOTOR

The name of the inventor: Cherednichenko Sergey Vasilievich
The name of the patentee: Cherednichenko Sergey Vasilievich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1994.05.19

Usage: used in wind power. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The wind turbine comprises a cylindrical casing consisting of two parts, the upper and the lower, with slots in which a wind wheel with curved blades mounted on a horizontal shaft is placed. Inside the casing there is a horizontal shaft with cogwheels fixed on one side on the bearing support, and on the other side it is connected to an electric motor and a reducer. In addition, inside the casing, between the blades of the wind wheel and the wall of the casing, there are flaps on the shelves, consisting of separate plates attached to the supporting rails to which the wheels on the axle are attached. The flaps were arranged in two groups along the perimeter, united on both sides by a chain and fixed to a shaft with gear wheels. In addition, in place of the slots, diffusers are attached to the top and bottom of the casing. One end of the horizontal shaft of the wind wheel is connected through a coupling to the generator, and at the other end of the shaft there is a brake device and a pulley. When the wind turbine is in operation, automatic and non-automatic control of the wind flow directed to the blades of the wind wheel is provided.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to wind power and can be used to generate electricity, but also as a drive for a pump, churn, etc.

It is known that a windmill engine (application No. 4867617/06) was proposed in which a rotary wind wheel with curved blades on a horizontal shaft is placed in a cylindrical casing comprising an upper and a lower part with slits, with a hinged shield . The windmill has devices for automatically regulating the air flow directed to the blades of the wind wheel. In addition, a wind turbine was proposed (USSR, No. 846776, class F 03 D 3/00, published 1981), containing a wind wheel with curved blades mounted on a horizontal shaft, the wind wheel being located in a casing with controllable shields , Which are strengthened by means of hinges. The wind flow is controlled by a wind vane. Despite the many similar technical features proposed in the application, and according to the author's certificate of 1985, such wind turbines are expedient for use in stationary conditions for combining wind turbines in a wind farm complex.

At present, there is a need for more mobile wind turbines, with the expanded capabilities of their application areas.

Implementation of such a technical result can be achieved under the condition that a wind turbine is made with devices that automatically adjust the air flow to the blades of the wind wheel, and equipping it with more sophisticated structural elements, aesthetic and technical direction, through which fuller use of wind energy will become possible. One such example is the use of wind flow on moving vehicles, such as a Raketa class ship. In addition, the use of confusers of different length will make it possible to place the wind turbine in enclosed spaces in places with extreme weather conditions.

The essence of this proposal is that the wind wheel with curved blades, mounted on a horizontal shaft, is located in a casing consisting of two upper and lower parts, with slots and end walls, with 2 groups of flaps located between the casing walls and the wind wheel.

The flaps consist of individual plates, which are fixed to the carrying rails, while the wheels rotating on the axle are fixed on the sides of the rods.

The axis of the rotating wheel, fixed to the carrier rail, is the connection between the two segments of the chain. The chain on one side and the chain on the other hand unites the two groups of plates with a distance between them equal to about a quarter of the perimeter length of the cylindrical shell.

Shelves, on which the dampers are located, are strengthened inside the cylindrical casing.

Inside the cylindrical casing there is a horizontal shaft with gear wheels, reinforced from one side and the other to the bearing bearings and connected by means of half-couplings to the motor with the gearbox, one of the protruding shaft ends being connected to the other horizontal shaft by means of half-couplings.

The flaps located on the shelves and the horizontal shaft with gear wheels are connected by a chain from two sides.

The windmill is equipped with diffusers, reinforced in the upper and lower part of the cylindrical casing, each diffuser having partitions.

A cylindrical casing, as well as a wind wheel, is attached to a supporting structure, at one end of which there is a bearing bearing and an electric generator, and on the other a bearing bearing, a braking device, and a motor with a reducer.

The windmill is equipped with limit switches, which produce a cut-off at the time of full opening or closing of the slots by flaps using a bracket (flag).

The windmill is equipped with pressure sensors, which, with automatic wind control, turn on or off the electric motor depending on the strength of the wind.

The wind turbine is equipped with a multi-section switch that switches from automatic operation mode to manual (manual) operation mode and vice versa.

Start and stop of the electric motor is made with the help of reversible magnetic starters and a push-button station.

WIND MOTOR WIND MOTOR

The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a wind motor (side view), FIG. 2 shows a wind motor (front view). In Fig. 3 shows a windmill (top view). In Fig. 4 shows a part of the flap combined with a horizontal shaft from one side and the other side (top view). In Fig. 5 shows the attachment of the shelves to the casing, the fixing of the limit switch, the mounting of the rail with the wheels on the shelf, the fixing of the flag that turns off the limit switch (front view). In Fig. 6 shows the pressure sensor (front view). In Fig. 7 shows a pressure sensor shown with a slit. In Fig. 8 is a diagram of the automatic and manual control of the operation of the electric motor with a reducer. In Fig. 9 shows the elongated shaft of the electric motor with the flywheel fixed to it (front view).

The windmill device comprises a rotary wind wheel with curved blades (1) of FIG. 1 and fixed to the horizontal shaft (2) of FIG. 2, Fig. 3, mounted on the bearings (3), to the bearing supports (4). The drum wind wheel is placed in a cylindrical casing (5), consisting of the upper and lower parts, connected on the one hand by means of hinges, and on the other side by means of fasteners. The upper and lower part of the casing has slits and end walls. The upper and lower part of the casing contains shelves (6) (projections), which are fixed to the end walls. On the shelves, between the wind wheel and the casing wall, there are flaps consisting of separate plates (7), fixed to the supporting rails (8). To the rails (8) are mounted on the sides rotating on the axis of the wheel (9) FIG. 4, Fig. 5. The flaps, consisting of 2 groups, are united on one side and the other side by a chain (10), while the wheel axis (9) is also the connecting axis for the chain segments. Inside the casing is a horizontal shaft (11) with gear wheels fixed to it (12). The shaft (11) is fixed to the supporting bearings (13) and connected by means of a half-coupling with the motor shaft to the reduction gear (14) of FIG. 2, Fig. 3. The chain (10), located along the perimeter of the cylindrical casing and integrating 2 groups of dampers, is fixed on both sides by gear wheels (12) located on the horizontal shaft (11) of FIG. 4, Fig. 5. The flags (15) are fixed on the first and last supporting rail (8).

The wind turbine is provided with diffusers (16) of FIG. 1, Fig. 2 with partitions, which are reinforced in place of the slits of the upper and lower part of the casing. The wind turbine is provided with end switches (17) of FIG. 1, fixed to the end wall of the casing.

The motor control system is provided with a pressure sensor (18) of FIG. 6, Fig. 7, with reinforced airflow funnels (19). The pressure sensor consists of a body (20) of FIG. 7, a bellows type sensing element (21), a tuning spring (22), a fixing washer (23), a handwheel (24), a bush (25) fixed to a microswitch (26), a spring (27) of a safety nut (28), and And three wires (29) are provided through the gland packing (30). To the funnel-catcher (19) a full curved bar (31) is fixed, which is fixed to the pressure sensor (18). In addition, the control system is equipped with a multi-section switch (32), a reversing starter and a push-button station in accordance with the scheme (Fig. 8). In the wind farm system, the horizontal shaft (2) of the rotor wind wheel is connected by means of the coupling halves (33) to the horizontal shaft of the other wind wheel, one of the free ends of the combined shaft being connected by means of the half couplings (34) to the electric generator (35), and the other end The device (36) and the pulley (37) of FIG. 3. In addition, one of the protruding ends of the horizontal shaft (11) is connected by means of the coupling halves (38) to the similar shaft of the other cylindrical casing. One of the ends of the combined shaft is connected to the electric motor and the gearbox (14), the motor having in its rear part an elongated shaft (39) adapted to fasten the flywheel (40) of FIG. 9. The windmill is equipped with a weather vane, installed in a visible place for the operator.

The windmill is used as follows. Having determined the installation site, the wind turbine is installed in such a way that the upper part of the cylindrical casing (5) of FIG. 1, Fig. 2 with slots would be oriented towards the preferred direction of the wind. When the electric power (emergency lighting) is connected to the electric motor control system (14) with the gearbox, which is entered in the manual (semi-automatic) control mode, the motor is switched on by means of the control button and the reversing magnetic starter (in Figure 8 the multi-section switch is switched to manual control) While the electric motor creates its forces through the reducer on the shaft (11). The shaft (11), rotating together with the gear wheels, entrains the two-side chain, together with the flaps, while opening the slits of the casing (5) of FIG. 4, Fig. 5 both in the upper part and in its lower part simultaneously. When the slots are fully opened, the motor is switched off by means of the control button or by means of the limit switch (17) and the flag (15), which, when fully open, and completely shut off the motor. After the opening of the slots, the airflow, passing through the diffuser (16) of FIG. 2, acquiring a certain directivity with the help of partitions, enters the blades of the wind wheel. At this time, the air flow, falling into a closed space, moves in a circle in a cylindrical casing, while acting on the blades of the wind wheel, thereby creating the forces for its rotation in the necessary direction. The rotation of the wind wheel through the coupling halves (34) is transferred to a generator (35) generating electricity.

When switching with the multi-section switch (32) of FIG. 8 to the automated mode of controlling the air flow directed to the blades of the wind wheel, the control system operates as follows. When the wind speed is increased above the norm, automatic closing of the slits of the cylindrical casing (5) is effected by the flaps, with the wind stream entering the funnel-catcher (19) through the full curved bar (31) of FIG. 6, exerts its forces on the sensing element (21) of the pressure sensor (18) and the tuning spring (22) of FIG. 7. The sensing element, creating its forces on the button of the microswitch (26), opens the circuit of the coil of the magnetic switch of the magnetic starter, while the microswitch terminal (26), moving higher, closes the upper contacts. In this case, the electric current passing through this terminal through the multi-section switch (32), the limit switch (17) located on the housing (5) of FIG. 1, through the thermal relay of the starter and coil KN. At the same time, the electric motor (14) turns on, rotating in the opposite direction, closing the slots of the upper and lower part of the casing with flaps. The flaps at this time, located on the shelves (6) in two groups, moving on the rotating wheels (9) by means of a chain and a horizontal shaft (11) fixed to it, cover the slits in the upper and lower part of the casing simultaneously. At the moment of complete closure of the slits, the flag (15) of FIG. 5 disables the limit switch for the coil KH. The coil opens, breaking the main power contacts of the motor. The motor stops.

When the wind flow is reduced to normal values, the microswitch terminal is released downward, closing the lower contacts, including the KV coil circuit, while the electric motor (14) is turned on, opening the slots of the casing. In the event that the wind changes to the opposite, automatic control will be effected by another pressure sensor (18) in accordance with the circuit of FIG. 8, wherein the second pressure sensor (18) repeats (duplicates) the operation of the first. And at this time, the wind flow, passing through the diffuser (16), acquiring the necessary direction with the help of the partitions, enters the blades of the wind wheel through the lower part of the casing (5), without changing the direction of movement of the wind wheel.

For the most favorable rotation speed of the wind wheel, the pressure sensors (18) are adjusted. To do this, press the adjustment spring (22) of the sensor element (21) with the handwheel (24), which secures the washers (23) and the safety nut (28), to slow or accelerate the process of switching the pressure sensor (18). If, for example, the adjustment spring is pressed, the closing time of the slots by the slots will slow down, while the wind wheel will use a higher wind speed. Manual (manual) control is performed in the event of repair of the pressure sensor, in the case of checking the operation of any part of the windmill, and in the case of a strong gusty wind. In this connection, the switching from automatic to manual operation of the control system is performed by turning the multi-section switch knob (32). After that, if, for example, you want to open the slots, press the "Next" control button. This button is connected to the control system (phase wire) passing through the "Stop" button, and through the closed locking contacts "Back" buttons.

At the moment of pressing the "Forward" button, the electric current passes through the terminals of this button, the closed contacts of the multisection switch (32) of FIG. 8, the limit switch (17), via the thermal relay of the starter and the coil KV, where, when encountering the zero wire, a magnetic field is created that attracts the magnetic starter core together with the movable power contacts of the KV, while the motor is turned on, opening the slots from the dampers, As far as is necessary. If you press (release) the "Forward" button, then the contacts of this button will open. The circuit of the electric coil KV also opens. As a result, the magnetic starter core is opened together with the power contacts of the KV, and the motor (14) is stopped.

The motor is turned on in the reverse direction if the "BACK" button is pressed. This button is connected to the closed control system (phase wire) passing through the "STOP" button and through the closed locking contacts "FORWARD" buttons. At the moment of pressing the "BACK" button, the electric current passes through the terminals of this button, through the closed contacts of the multisection switch (32), through the limit switch (17) located on the windmill housing, through the thermal relay of the starter and the coil KN, where, when encountering a zero wire , A magnetic field is created that attracts the core with the power contacts of the starter KN, as a result of which the electric motor turns on, rotating in the opposite direction, thereby closing the casing slots as much as necessary. In the event that emergency lighting is switched off, the flywheel (40) is fixed to open or close the casing slots (5) on the elongated shaft (39) of the electric motor (14), which rotates in the required direction, opening or closing the slots of the casing with flaps.

CLAIM

1. A wind motor comprising a wind wheel with curved blades fixed to a horizontal shaft disposed in a cylindrical casing composed of two upper and lower parts with slots provided with flaps, characterized in that shelves are mounted to the end walls inside the casing The flaps are connected on both sides by a chain and fixed on a horizontal shaft with toothed wheels.

2. An engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that diffusers with partitions are attached to the upper and lower parts of the casing at the location of the slots.

3. An engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the shutters consist of separate plates attached to the supporting rails equipped with rotating wheels on the axis.

4. An engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal shaft with gear wheels is attached to the bearing support by means of bearings and connected by means of a half-coupling with an electric motor, with a gear, wherein the motor shaft in the rear part is elongated and has a means for rotating it with Flywheel.

5. The engine of claim 1, wherein the control system is provided with control sensors with air flow traps, limit switches, a multi-section switch, a reversing magnetic starter and a push-button station.

print version
Date of publication 02.04.2007gg