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WIND POWER PLANTS. Wind turbines
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2075637

WIND POWER PLANT

WIND POWER PLANT

The name of the inventor: Zabegaev AI; Gorbunov Yu.N .; Naumov VV; Kutuzov VV; Smirnov S.L .; Novak Yu.I .; Demkin V.V.
The name of the patent owner: Limited Liability Partnership Firm "Obshchemash-engineering"; Research and Production Association "Vetroen"
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1995.04.20

Utilization: The invention relates to wind power, specifically to wind power plants generating electricity in low-speed wind flows. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The wind power plant comprises a tower, a wind wheel with a shaft, a multiplier, a dispenser that generates workflows including a flywheel, a clutch, a generator and a process stream including a trigger device, and is provided with a clutch device, additional autonomous flow multipliers, An additional gear and an intermediate shaft, the dispenser is integrated with the multiplier in the form of a single multi-flow dispenser comprising an input slow-speed shaft with a centrally located large gear and rows of output shafts peripherally one-way and parallel to the small gears, each high-speed multi- The multiplier in the working flow is connected to the input slow-speed shaft of the additional autonomous multiplier through the coupling device and the additional intermediate shaft freely passed through the hollow output high-speed shaft of the multi-flow dispenser separating the clutch device located on the side of the wind wheel and an additional autonomous multiplier located with The output high-speed shaft of the additional stand-alone multiplier in the working flow is connected to the flywheel, and in the process flow with the brake and the launch device by means of an additional gearwheel combined with the brake drum. The clutch device can be made in the form of switches of a multi-plate friction clutch with a drive equipped with a reducer and an electric motor connected in series to each other in the drive by a clutch in which the screw-nut pair is installed, the screw connected to the output shaft of the reducer, With the pusher of the disengaged clutch. The wind wheel shaft can be made hollow and connected to the input shaft of the multithreaded multiplier through a gear clutch within which the drive elements of the steering system are located. The brake of the installation can be made by mechanical, shoe type or electromagnetic. Additional automotive multipliers are fixed to the housing of the multi-threaded multiplier, coaxial with its output shafts, and the fastening can be flanged.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(EN) The invention relates to wind power, specifically to wind power plants (VEU), generating electricity in low-speed wind flows.

The wind power plant is known (see book by EM Fateev "Wind turbines", Gosenergoizdat, Moscow-Leningrad, 1945, page 128 131, Windmill of the Central Research Institute of the D-50), including a tower, gondola, wind wheel with horizontal axis of rotation, horizontal The shaft of the wind wheel is connected with the multiplier connected to the generator through the hydraulic coupling.

Such a technical solution has the following disadvantages:

  • The mechanical braking of the windmill is not ensured, which leads to low safety of operation of the wind turbine;
  • The wind turbine has large dimensions of both the installation itself and the gondola;
  • A large mass of wind turbines, including a large specific gravity;
  • Insufficient reliability, primarily due to the presence of a hydraulic coupling;
  • Restrictive service life;
  • The increased cost of both the installation itself and the electricity it generates;
  • The limitation of the universality of adaptability to the conditions of wind flows.

A wind power plant is known (see the description to USSR No. 1682621 of 06.06.89, cl. F 03 D 7/04,) containing a tower, a wind wheel with blades, connected to the input shaft of the multiplier, whose output shaft is connected to the input shaft Shaft of the dispenser, which forms working and technological flows through output shafts, the working flow includes flywheels, couplings, a generator, and a technological trigger and a coupling.

The control system of the wind turbine is connected through disconnected couplings with generators, flywheels and a starting device.

In this known windmill, a windmill with blades is connected to the input shaft of the multiplier, the output shaft of the latter is continued along the entire height of the tower and is connected to the primary input shaft of the dispenser. Three secondary (output) shafts are directed relative to the primary in three directions. Each of these shafts is directed to the adjacent one at a right angle.

All the flow mechanisms, both operational and technological, are placed on frame structures, supported directly or through a concrete platform on the ground, and mounted at the base of the tower.

Known for a. from. N 1682621 wind power plant is essentially the function performed and by the achieved result is the closest to the claimed and therefore selected as a prototype.

Such a known technical solution has the following drawbacks:

  • It does not provide a selective disconnection of each power flow, which limits the ability of the wind turbine to adapt to the real power of the wind flow, especially at low wind speeds;
  • The number of power flows is limited to three: two workers, one technological;
  • Does not provide mechanical braking of the windmill, which reduces the safety of operation of wind turbines, especially in the event of emergency situations in which, for example, a wind wheel can be "disconnected" from the load, potentially leading to an accident, most often the destruction of the wind wheel;
  • Does not provide smooth stalling at the initial stage of acceleration VC, when flywheels are not yet dispersed, especially at low ambient temperatures with thickened lubricant and accordingly high transmission resistance, when the transfer of the transmission into rotation is accompanied by high dynamic loads;
  • The impossibility of the practical placement of power and electrical systems is compact, for example in a gondola, which in fact requires the creation of another structure and increases the scope of work for the construction of the windmill;
  • The wind turbine for this solution has a large mass, both in terms of physical quantity and specific index;
  • Insufficient reliability;
  • Limited resource due to increased wear of the transmission with power limiting selected by the autonomous consumer in a situation where, for example, a wind turbine with a power of tens of kW "works" on an autonomous consumer that takes power into units of kW and essentially produces an inefficient resource development;
  • Insufficient maintainability;
  • Loss of electricity in the event of failure of any of the power flows;
  • A large material consumption of the structure, as, for example, in the design of this famous windmill, a long shaft is used between the gondola and the dispenser installed on the ground, which in turn leads to increased vibrodynamic loads on the wind turbine while rotating the extended shaft.

The basic general scheme of the installation occupies a large area due to the cruciform arrangement of the flows, the inlet, two working and technological, in relation to the dispensing mechanical device.

These disadvantages of this well-known device are for the most part principal for wind power classes in the tens and the first hundreds of kW, oriented to work in conditions of an extended range of speeds of wind flows, mainly towards low speeds, and designed to work both with the network and with The autonomous consumer does not allow in essence to create a modern practically effectively applicable wind turbine.

The task set before the developers of this windmill is interrelated for a number of factors and conditions.

The object of the invention is:

  • Increase of reliability and safety of operation of wind turbines due to the use of remotely activated braking devices;
  • The expansion of climatic and wind conditions for the use of wind turbines, which is directly related to the increase in efficiency by ensuring the start-up of wind turbines at low temperatures and operation at low wind speeds of 2.5.3.0.3.5 m / s;
  • Decrease in the material consumption of the windmill due to the use of a tight arrangement of transmission and electric power equipment in the gondola of the windmill with its minimum volume and dimensions;
  • Reduction of loads acting on the power structure of the windmill due to the exclusion of extended elements such as shafts that transmit loads;
  • Increasing the output of the power of the wind turbine with the minimum dimensions and material consumption of the windmill by expanding the operating ranges of the wind speed;
  • Increasing the resource of the windmill due to the rational use of workflows to generate power given to the autonomous consumer in conditions of variable consumption.

The goal set is not achieved by a simple sum of known results; a complex solution having an inventive level is required.

The goal is achieved as follows.

The windmill contains a wind wheel, which is installed on the hollow shaft and is connected through a connecting gear coupling with a hollow low-speed shaft of the dispenser forming a series of working power generation power fluxes and a technological acceleration-braking flow located in the gondola of the windmill.

The dispenser unit, a single distributing multiplier, simultaneously performs the distribution functions of the mechanical power received from the wind wheel through the workflows and the multiplier function, increasing the speed of rotation.

The multi-flow dispenser comprises a casing, an input slow-speed shaft with a centrally disposed large cog-wheel and a row, for example four peripherally one-sided and parallel high-speed hollow shafts with small gears, three of which belong to workflows, and one process stream.

Each working stream includes a clutch device that, through an additional intermediate shaft, freely passed through the hollow output high-speed shaft of the multi-threaded multiplier, connects the high-speed shaft to the input slow-speed shaft of the additional stand-alone multiplier in the workflow, which in turn is connected by its high-speed output Shaft through couplings and a flywheel with an electric generator.

The clutch device is located on the side of the wind wheel relative to the dispensing multiplier, an additional stand-alone multiplier is located on the opposite side of the multi-flow dispenser and is mounted on its housing.

The clutch device includes a releasable friction clutch that is turned on and off by means of a pressure element connected through a "screw nut" pair with a planetary gear and an electric motor and is fixed to the multi-threaded multiplier housing.

The technological flow contains a coupling, an autonomous planetary multiplier, with the output shaft of which is connected the accelerating device a starter and a mechanical braking device.

The device for controlling the position of the blades of the wind wheel is located in the zone formed between the working and process flow, and its drive through the hollow shaft of the multi-flow dispenser and through the hollow shaft of the wind wheel is connected with the rotation mechanism of the blades.

The attached drawings show: FIG. 1 is a general view of the gondola of a wind power plant, FIG. 2 the section B B of the gondola (Figure 1). The arrangement of the working energy flows and the process flow of the relatively large gear of the multi-flow dispenser, FIG. 3 section of the FG gondola (Figure 2). Scheme of working energy and process flows, control devices for the position of the blades of the wind wheel, Fig. 4 View A, Fig. 3, the drive of the control device for the position of the wind wheel.

WIND POWER PLANT

The figures and the text indicate: 1 tower of wind turbine, 2 wind wheels, 3 - hollow shaft of wind wheel, 4 connecting gear clutch, 5 slow-acting shaft, 6 multi-flow dispenser, 7 multiplier case 6, 8 large multiplier gear 6, 9 hollow high-speed shaft , W is the angular velocity of rotation of the wind wheel.

The working energy flow: 10 small gear wheel belonging to the working streams, 11 small gear wheel belonging to the production stream, 12 the device for the clutch in the working flow, 13 - the additional intermediate shaft, 14 the input slow-speed shaft of the additional multiplier 15, 15 the additional autonomous multiplier, 16 - high-speed shaft of the additional multiplier 15, 17 coupling, 18 flywheel, 19 generator, 20 clutch clutch, 21 clutch pushing element 20 (non-rotating part), 22, 23 "screw nut" pair in the drive clutch 20, 24 planetary clutch release reducer 20, 25 clutch shut-off motor 20.

WIND POWER PLANT

B technological overclocking-braking current: 26 starter, 27-movable gear, 28 brake pulley, 29 additional gear, 30 brake pads, 31 independent multiplier in the process flow, 32 blades of the wind wheel, 33 traction of the blade rotation drive, 34 screw, 35 Worm wheel, 36 nut, 37 rotor drive motor, 38 electromagnetic clutch, 39 worm, 40 gondola wind turbine, 41 rotor control tower, 42 wind turbine control system (in figure 3 denoted conditionally), 43 wind power supply (autonomous) .

The designations of the clutch elements 20 in FIG. 3: 44 elastic element (spring), 45 leading cage connected to the shaft 9, 46 driving discs, 47 driven discs, 48 ​​movable (rotating) clutch pushing member stop, 49 bearing assembly.

The sign "X" in FIG. 3 indicates fixed connections.

The wind power plant (Figures 1, 2, 3) comprises a tower 1, a wind wheel 2 installed in the upper part of the tower on a hollow shaft 3 and connected through a coupling gear 4 with a hollow low-speed shaft 5 of the dispenser 6 forming working flows A of FIG. And process stream B, FIG. 3, a single multi-flow dispenser 6 comprises a casing 7, an input slow-speed shaft 5 with a centrally disposed large gear 8 and a row, for example four peripherally unidirectional and parallelly located output hollow, high-speed hollow shafts 9 with small gears 10, 11, three of which belong to To the workflows A of FIG. 2, 3 and one - to the technological flow B, Fig. 3, each working stream A of FIG. 2, 3 includes a coupling device 12 which, through an additional intermediate shaft 13, freely passed through the hollow output high-speed shaft 9 of the multi-flow multiplier 6, connects the high-speed shaft 9 to the input slow-speed shaft 14 of the additional self-contained multiplier 15 of the workflow A, which In turn, is connected by its high-speed shaft 16 through the clutches 17 and the flywheel 18 to the power generator 19, the clutch device 12 is located on the side of the wind wheel 2 relative to the dispensing multiplier 6, the additional stand-alone multiplier 15 is located on the opposite side of the multi-flow dispenser 6, and can be mounted on Its housing, the clutch device 12 includes a releasable clutch friction clutch 20 that is turned on and off by a pressure member 21 coupled through a pair of "screw 22 nut 23" with a planetary gear 24 and an electric motor 25 that can be secured to the housing of the multi-flow dispenser 6, the process stream B comprises a starter 26, a movable gear 27 connected thereto, a brake pulley 28 combined with an additional gear 29, brake shoes 30, a coupling sleeve 17, an autonomous planetary multiplier 31 connected to a hollow output shaft and a small gear Wheel 11, process flow "B" of the dispensing multiplier 6, the rotational control device of the blades 32 of the wind wheel 2 includes a blade rotation control rod 33 terminated by a screw 34 and is installed between the working "A" and the technological "B" streams and comprises a worm A wheel 35 rigidly connected to a nut 36 cooperating with a screw 34 of the blade propulsion drive 33 of the wind wheel 2 and two electric motors 37 alternately connected through the electromagnetic couplings 38 to the opposite ends of the worm 39, respectively, the hollow shaft 3 of the wind wheel 2 is passed inside the nacelle 40 installed By means of the pivot device 41 at the top of the tower 1, the equipment and mechanisms of the workflows "A" and the technological "B" as well as the control system 31 are located in the nacelle 39.

The wind power plant works as follows

Let's consider the general case when working in low-speed winds.

With the help of clutch friction clutch 20, the workflows "A" are disconnected from the multi-threaded multiplier 6. The wind wheel 2 is then held by the "normally closed" brake [4] through the multi-flow multiplier 6 and the kinematically rigidly connected technological flow "B" The brake pads 30 clamp the brake pulley 28 (depending on the initial state of the wind turbine, the working flows can be switched off from the wind wheel before starting work, we consider the general case of starting and operation of the wind turbine).

According to the commands of the control system 42, the brake pads 30 disengage the pulley 28, the movable gear 27 of the starter 26 engages with an additional gear 29 mounted on the brake pulley 28. By supplying power to the starter from the source 43 (this may be an autonomous power source of the windmill or fed through Converter from the power supply network), accelerate the wind wheel 2, changing the angles of the installation of its blades from the starting values ​​to the workers. When the wobble 2 reaches a predetermined rotational speed W close to the nominal one, the starter 26 is disengaged, releasing the moveable gear 27 from engagement with the additional gear 29 while simultaneously engaging the clutch 20 in at least one of the workflows "A". The power from the wind wheel 2 through the distributing multiplier 6, its large gear 8, then through the hollow high-speed shaft 9, enters the input shaft 14 of the additional self-contained multiplier 15, from there, sequentially through the coupling sleeves 17 to the flywheel 18 and the electric generator 19.

After connecting the first workflow, this algorithm sequentially connects other workflows.

The power supplied to the working streams "A" is regulated by the angle of installation of the blades of the wind wheel 2 with the help of the blade position control device, in which the blades through the rod 33 are connected to the screw 34, and it in turn with the worm wheel 35, the worm 39 and through the electromagnetic couplings 38 c Electric motors 37 (details of the device and operation of the control system for the position of the blades of the wind wheel are considered in application No. 94044922/06/045696 of 29.12.94 of the same applicant).

When one of the electric motors 37 is connected by means of the rotation of the worm 39, the worm wheel 35 rotates the nut 36, thereby moving the screw 34 associated with the link 33 along the axis of the wind wheel. Thrust 33 is associated with the mechanism of rotation of the arms of the lever or gear type (its specific implementation may be different, it is an independent technical solution and is not the subject of the present application), for example, the link 33 is articulated to a lever rigidly attached to the swinging blade of the blade, 33, through the rack, interacts with the pinion, and the blade fixed on the swivel blade.

In the embodiment of the wind control device of the wind turbine blades shown in FIG. 3 and 4, the rotation of the blades in the forward direction is performed by the main electric motor 37, for example, the right one in FIG. 4, which is connected by means of an electromagnetic clutch 38 to the drive worm 39. The rotation of the blades in the reverse direction is effected by an additional electric motor 37, for example left in FIG. 4, which is connected to an additional input of the drive worm 39.

In this method for controlling a wind power plant (according to the application No. 94044922/06/045696 dated December 29, 1994, which is applied in the wind power plant in question, the electric motors constantly rotate constantly in their direction (opposite, as shown in Figure 4). The direction of the rotation of the blades does not require time for braking, stopping and accelerating the motors 37, therefore, the speed of the blade rotation drive increases, which increases the accuracy of maintaining the rotational speed of the shaft 3 of the wind wheel 2.

When the wind speed is changed, the power supplied to the workflows "A" is regulated by reducing its flow from the wind flow if the wind speed increases. If the speed of the wind flow decreases, the blades of the wind wheel are outputted to the angles of the increase in the power takeoff, and in the case of a power shortage in the wind flow, for example, in the case of wind speed failures - wind pauses, the missing power for some time - a few seconds, the generator 19 generates by taking power from the flywheel 18, which also maintains the angular velocity of the wind wheel 2. The parameters of the flywheels 18 in the working streams "A" are chosen based on the condition that the nominal power is given up by the flow in a time exceeding the duration of the wind pause, usually 2 3 s. While the rotation speed of the "wind wheel-flywheel generator" system can be varied by the permissible value Dw, the value of which is determined from the permissible change in the frequency of the current produced and the possibilities of the frequency stabilization system. For example, in the claimed solution, as a specific example, with a working power of N 50 kW, the moment of inertia of the flywheels 18 in the streams is selected from the duration of the flow in the recoil mode of the rated power for 4 seconds with a drop in wind speed from a nominal 6.0 m / s to 40 % Of its nominal value for 3 seconds and the speed of rotation of the generator in 4 seconds Dw = 0.1 w at w = 1500 rpm.

If the nominal speed of the wind flow decreases or the duration of the wind pauses is shortened, which is accompanied by a decrease in the output power, the control system can switch off individual working flows by means of a clutch 12 in which the electric motor 25, via the planetary gear 24, acting on the clutch pressure element 21, 20 opens the friction discs 46, 47 of the sleeve 20, and thereby disconnects the output shaft 9 of the dispensing multiplier 6 from the workflow "A". The generator 19 is then withdrawn from the network or when working on an autonomous consumer, the generator is disconnected from the load.

When the wind speed is increased depending on the speed of rotation of the wind wheel 2, the angles of the installation of its blades, and the measured speed of the wind flow (if necessary), the control system connects the workflows with the introduction of generators into the network or by connecting them to an autonomous load.

If it is necessary to stop the wind turbine after disconnection of all working flows by the considered algorithm, the wind wheel 2 is braked by means of brake shoes 30 interacting with the brake pulley 28. The blades of the wind wheel 2 are thus withdrawn to the vane position, which ensures that no wind power is supplied to the wind wheel from the wind flow. On the contrary, the blades of the wind wheel in the vane position during rotation create a brake aerodynamic moment, which facilitates braking of the wind wheel. A mechanically remotely controlled brake consisting of a brake pulley 28 and pads 30 in the off state is "normally closed", i.e. Pulley 28 is retarded. Since in the technological stream "B" the transmission is made with a rigid kinematic connection of the wind wheel 2 with the pulley 28 through the distributing multiplier 6 and the clutch is missing, the claimed solution has increased reliability and safety of operation.

For example, when an accident occurs and the wind turbine is disconnected from the network and is de-energized, it is likely in the event of a failure of the generator or power-handling devices and communication with the network, the clutch devices 12 in the workflows fed from an independent autonomous energy source 43 disconnect the workflows from the dispenser , The blades of the wind wheel are converted into the vane position, and the braking device, deprived of power, ceases to hold the pads 30 in the position away from the pulley 28, thereby creating a braking torque stopping the wind wheel.

When the wind turbine is in the inoperative state, the wind wheel is held in the inhibited state, and the mechanical brake is released only when the wind turbine is switched to the operating state before the wind wheel is started. Thus, unauthorized acceleration of the wind wheel is excluded and safety of work on the windmill and safety of operation is increased.

The implementation of the transmission, working and process streams considered in the claimed solution ensures efficient start-up of wind turbines under weak winds and at low ambient temperatures, when known wind turbines with thickened lubrication in the transmission require up to tens of kW of power to overcome frictional forces, for example, at t -40 o C and weak winds, for example, the AVE-250 currently being installed at the present time requires 20-25 kW of power to turn the wind wheel and transmission at low (-30 ° C) ambient temperatures. In the declared decision, disconnection of the working streams from the shaft of the wind wheel allows a sharp reduction in friction losses in the transmission, and the use of a starter for forced acceleration of the wind wheel ensures a quick and easy start of the wind turbine, even at low temperatures and weak winds at low energy costs. For example, to start a wind power plant with a power of 150 kW at t -40 o C and a wind speed of 4.0 m / s, a starter power of 7.0 kW is required with a time of 30-40 seconds [3] after which the wind wheel has enough power to rotate, warm up Transmission and the start of operation of the wind turbine in the power return mode with at least one of the workflows. It is important to emphasize that the operations of dispersing the wind wheel, connecting and disconnecting the workflows are performed with a smooth transmission of the torque in the transmission, which is achieved by smoothly switching on and off the friction clutches 20.

The presence of flywheels 18 in the system of rotating masses of the wind wheel, the elements of the transmission and the generator in the event of power fluctuations coming from the wind flow with variations in wind speed presupposes, as discussed above, not only the direct path of power from the wind wheel to the generator, but also the inverse of the flywheels in the working streams through Transmission on the wind wheel during wind pauses. The presence of friction clutches 20 in the power transmission circuits in the working streams avoids the development of self-oscillating processes in the case of fluctuations in the incoming power from the wind wheel. This is achieved on the one hand by limiting the moment transmitted by the clutches, for example, the clutch is "tightened" by 1, 3 times the value corresponding to the nominal power, and on the other, the dissipative character of the frictional coupling in the clutch, which leads not only to limiting the oscillations that arise, but also to Their rapid decay. With the correct selection of the stiffness and inertia characteristics of the transmission elements in the mathematical modeling of the operation of the wind turbine, the considered construction of the transmission makes it possible to exclude almost completely self-oscillating phenomena in the operation of wind turbines under conditions of variable wind speed, including underload and underload conditions, including short-circuit and sudden Unauthorized) operation of the brake and a number of other abnormal situations.

It should be noted that in the claimed windmill, not only a mechanical brake, but also an electromagnetic brake, for example, hysteresis, or a combination of mechanical and hysteresis brakes, can be used as a brake.

In strong winds, the start-up of the wind turbine is much easier. Forced acceleration of the wind wheel may not be required, on the contrary, it is necessary to limit the power developed by the wind wheel, which is achieved by installing the blades of the wind wheel 2 at the respective angles.

Stopping wind turbines in strong winds occurs according to the same algorithm as for the general case considered above.

The claimed wind turbine allows creating in the general case any quantity of power flows, first of all, working energy and breaking in the process of controlling any one of them, achieving at any time the desired set of closed wind power or open streams corresponding to the real power of the wind flow, power consumption per network Or on an autonomous consumer.

The claimed solution provides the possibility of mechanical braking of the wind wheel. The possibility of mechanical braking in combination with the required number of closed and open flows or only open flows is provided. For example, in some cases it may be expedient to brake the wind wheel without disabling the workflows (or one workflow).

It is possible to smoothly transfer the torque transmission from the output shafts of the multi-threaded multiplier to the stand-alone multiplier or, alternatively, to the shift gearbox, and then through the flywheel to the generator. The variant concerns the possible operation mode of a variable speed windscreen with a variable speed, to achieve maximum power takeoff from the wind flow. In this case, instead of the additional stand-alone multiplier 15, a change gearbox (boost) can be used or the multiplier 15 can be executed with a variable gear ratio.

The wind turbine makes it possible to practically place the power, electrical and even electronic control system compactly in the gondola, since the mechanisms and power flow devices are directed to the same side from the multi-flow multiplier and are installed in parallel to each other, which makes it possible to realize the spatial layout of the transmission and power- Gondola, due to which convenient service is achieved, the dimensions of the gondola are reduced and repair works are facilitated.

The technical solution of this wind turbine can be realized both in an installation with a horizontal and vertical axis of rotation, which, in the presence of the above qualities, increases the universality.

In fact, in the case of using the claimed technical solution for a wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation, there is no need for frame structures and intermediate shafts mounted from the VC with the multiplier to the transfer case having a large extent, weight, which also reduces reliability, as in the prototype . The present technical solution in this case allows to reduce the mass and specific weight of the installation.

The ability to selectively turn on or off any workflow as needed in combination with other advantages of the installation allows, for example, to work even on one workflow if the others fail. At the same time, electricity is generated and repairs and troubleshooting are performed on the switched off streams.

Thus, taking into account the above, it is possible to improve reliability, service life, and maintainability of wind turbines. Accordingly, the number will increase and the cost of electricity generated by the wind farm will decrease.

At the same time, the costs for repairs during the operation of the wind turbine are reduced.

The resource of the windmills is increased: for example, if the power developed by the wind wheel is less than the rated one, it is not necessary to include all working flows, thereby conserving the resource, and for long periods of low winds, it is possible to use the flows in a consistent manner to rationally develop the resource.

The claimed device is oriented primarily for use in low-speed wind flows, for which the requirements for wind turbine control are higher than in classical cases.

Thus, the claimed device is progressive, and its use allows achieving the stated object of the invention:

  • Improves the reliability and safety of the operation of the wind turbine by using remotely activated mechanical braking in it;
  • Expands the climatic and wind conditions for the use of wind turbines, which is directly related to the increase in efficiency by ensuring the start-up of the wind turbine at low ambient temperatures and operating at low wind speeds of 2.5.3.0.3.5 m / s;
  • Reduces the material consumption of the windmill due to the use of a dense spatial layout of the transmission and electric power equipment in the gondola of the windmill with its minimum volume and dimensions;
  • Reduces the load acting on the power structure of the windmill by eliminating the extended elements such as shafts that transmit loads;
  • Increases the output of the power of the wind turbine with the minimum dimensions and material consumption of the windmill by expanding the operating ranges of the rates of wind flows;
  • Increases the resource of the windmill due to the rational use of workflows for generating the power given to the autonomous consumer in conditions of variable power consumption.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. E.M. Fateev, "Wind turbines", М-L. State Power Engineering Publishing House, 1945

2. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1682621, cl. F 03 D 7/04 prototype.

3. "GURZA wind power plant" with a capacity of 50,150 kW ", Draft design, M, 1993, NPO" Vetroen "" Firm "Obshchemash-engineering".

4. Brake shoe. Type TCH 300 U2 PV 25% 220v, TU 24-1-1787-78.

CLAIM

1. Ветроэнергетическая установка, содержащая башню, ветроколесо с валом, мультипликатор, раздаточное устройство, формирующее рабочие потоки, включающие маховик, муфту, генератор, и технологический поток, включающий пусковое устройство, отличающаяся тем, что она снабжена устройством для сцепления, дополнительными автономными мультипликаторами потоков, механическим тормозом, дополнительными зубчатым колесом и промежуточным валом, раздаточное устройство выполнено совмещенным с мультипликатором в виде единого раздаточного многопоточного мультипликатора, включающего входной тихоходный вал с центрально расположенным большим зубчатым колесом и ряды выходных валов, периферийно односторонне и параллельно расположенным с малыми зубчатыми колесами, каждый выходной быстроходный вал раздаточного многопоточного мультипликатора в рабочем потоке связан с входным тихоходным валом дополнительного автономного мультипликатора через устройство для сцепления и дополнительный промежуточный вал, свободно пропущенный через выполненный полым выходной быстроходный вал раздаточного многопоточного мультипликатора, разделяющего устройство для сцепления, расположенное со стороны ветроколеса, и дополнительный автономный мультипликатор, расположенный с противоположной относительно раздаточного многопоточного мультипликатора стороны, выходной быстроходный вал дополнительного автономного мультипликатора в рабочем потоке связан с маховиком, а в технологическом потоке с тормозом и пусковым устройством посредством дополнительного зубчатого колеса, совмещенного с барабаном тормоза.

2. Установка по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что устройство для сцепления выполнено в виде выключаемой многодисковой фрикционной муфты с приводом.

3. Установка по пп.1 и 2, отличающаяся тем, что она снабжена редуктором и электродвигателем, последовательно соединенными между собой в приводе выключаемой муфты.

4. Установка по пп.1 3, отличающаяся тем, что она снабжена парой винт - гайка, причем винт связан с выходным валом редуктора, а гайка с толкателем выключаемой муфты сцепления.

5. Установка по пп.1 и 2, отличающаяся тем, что привод выключаемой муфты сцепления связан с системой управления.

6. Установка по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что вал ветроколеса выполнен полым и связан с входным валом многопоточного мультипликатора через зубчатую муфту.

7. Установка по пп.1 и 6, отличающаяся тем, что лопасти выполнены поворотными, а приводные элементы системы поворота лопастей размещены внутри полых валов ветроколеса и тихоходного вала многопоточного мультипликатора.

8. Установка по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что тормоз выполнен механическим.

9. Установка по пп.1 и 8, отличающаяся тем, что тормоз выполнен колодочного типа.

10. Установка по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что тормоз выполнен электромагнитным.

11. Установка по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что дополнительные автономные мультипликаторы закреплены на корпусе раздаточного многопоточного мультипликатора соосно с его выходными валами.

12. Установка по пп.1 и 11, отличающаяся тем, что дополнительный автономный мультипликатор закреплен на корпусе раздаточного многопоточного мультипликатора с помощью фланцевого соединения.

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Date of publication 02.04.2007gg