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WIND POWER PLANTS. Wind turbines
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2075644

WINDOW OF THE WIND POWER PLANT

WINDOW OF THE WIND POWER PLANT

The name of the inventor: Zabegaev AI; Gorbunov Yu.N .; Chernyshov SK; Novak Yu.I .; Demkin V.V.
The name of the patent owner: Limited Liability Partnership Firm "Obshchemash-engineering"; Research and Production Association "Vetroen"
Address for correspondence:
The effective date of the patent: 1995.02.20

Usage: refers to wind power and can be used in the manufacture of towers, mainly for wind power plants (WES), and towers for retrieval towers. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The tower of the wind power plant includes an upper and lower base, a barrel made in the form of a polygon bounding the inner volume of the tower, and is provided with windows formed on each face and communicating with the interior volume of the tower disposed along a helical line within a height H The tower, measured from the upper base and determined by the dependence , Where H is the height of the tower, R is the blade radius of the wind wheel, db is the diameter of the tower, and the window area F is determined from the ratio 0.1F s@ F @ 0.8F s , where F s is the total sweep area of ​​the tower over the length . The windows in the tower are made with the pitch t of the helix, determined from the relation: t = (k h h + b) h (n - 1) h m, where h is the height of the tower window, n is the number of tower faces, b is the distance between adjacent On the height of the windows on the sides of the tower, k is the overlap factor in the height of adjacent windows on the sides of the tower (k @ 0.5), m is the number of helical line approaches. The tower is divided in length into a number of sections, the internal volume of which is communicated with each other, and at least one section has a closed cavity communicating with the internal volume of at least one of the adjacent sections with windows through channels with calibrated resistance, the windows located On the helical line, can be performed both with the right angle of twist of the line, and with the left one. The height of the windows in the tower is greater or equal to their width, and the windows can be made round, oval or rectangular with rounded corners, and at least several windows are designed to allow personnel to pass through them. The windows in the tower can be equipped with grids with their installation along the entire height or only in the section of the helical line, one step long, measured from the upper base of the tower.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to wind energy and can be used in the manufacture of towers, mainly for wind power plants (VEU), and for retransmission towers for a beacon.

A structure of the type of a tower of a poorly flowing section is known (see author No. 310.990 of 16.03.1970, cl. E 04 H 12/00) in the form of a monolithic star with through channels that are rectangular, formed in each of the protruding elements of the cross section And are located within the length of the structure, equal to about 1/3 of its height from the top.

This known technical solution has a number of disadvantages that limit its use as a tower of a wind turbine.

The presence of through channels in the protruding elements only partially solves the problem of equalizing the pressure in the separation zones of the flow and is directed primarily to the weakening of galloping aeroelastic vibrations, with the development of which the tower oscillates in a plane perpendicular to the wind flow.

The strength of the structure is ensured by the monolithic five-pointed "star", which indicates the high material intensity, high cost, labor intensity of such a structure.

In most cases, including in medium and high winds, this solution does not reduce the dynamic loads on the tower and wind turbine windmills primarily because at certain speeds there are no conditions for guaranteed flow of air with a certain flow through the structure. In addition, this solution is aimed at ensuring the strength of the tower of the windmill, while providing optimal modes of interaction with the wind wheel or other elements of the wind turbine design simply do not enter into the functions performed by this device.

When the wind wheel interacts with the tower of the windmill, intense dynamic loads arise, which are generated by the following main factors:

  • When the wind wheel is in the "forward" position to the wind, the latter, when passing around the tower, interacts with a layer of air that is limited in thickness between the blade and the tower, which has increased stiffness, which causes a dynamic load impulse on the blade;
  • At the "rear" under the wind position of the wind wheel, the last one at the intersection of the vortex wake is exposed to the action of turbulent flows, which causes a dynamic loading impulse on the blade.

The specific nature of the wind turbines designed for use in low-speed flows consists primarily in the fact that the wind turbine of the wind turbine has considerable dimensions and an increased area and, correspondingly, increased aerodynamic resistance and increased dynamic loads, The wind wheel is optimized for operation in low-speed winds, and the operating speed range somehow captures the general requirements for wind turbines in terms of operating at speeds of 20.30 m / s and keeping the storm winds.

According to the research data it is established that due to the interaction of the rotating blades of the wind wheel with the tower of the windmill, the dynamic loads on the blade, the shaft of the wind wheel, the transmission, the tower of the wind turbine are almost 3 times higher than the loads from the stationary wind flow.

This requires increasing the strength of the wind wheel, the tower of the windmill, its other units, reduces the resource of the windmill as a whole, and also reduces the safety of the work of the windmill.

It is important to note that as a result of the interaction of the tower with the wind wheel in various operating modes, there are significant acoustic fluctuations, the sound pressure level of which poses a danger of environmental contamination not only in the sound range, but, and most dangerous, in the infrasonic range. In a number of cases, for this reason, for wind turbines located near residential areas, restrictions are set for the capacity and the time of day of work.

An analysis of the pattern of vortex formation when using a well-known auth. Svid. N 310.990 from 16.03.1970, cl. E 04 H 12/00 technical solution shows that it does not allow to regulate the process of vortex formation and, thus, the process of interaction of the wind wheel with the vortex trail behind the tower, which leads to increased loads on the tower and wind turbine of the wind turbine, and to increased acoustic loads. The monolithic structure in the central part of the star shaped figure does not allow the use of at least part of the inside of such a structure to accommodate equipment, personnel, etc. in it. Which only emphasizes its shortcomings, including the above.

It is known (see the application No. 94006192/33 (006233) of 02.03.94, class E 04 H 12/00, F 03 D 11/04), a long construction structure, preferably a tower of a wind power plant, including a guard of interconnected curvilinear Sheet elements installed by the convex side inside the structure with the formation in its section of a figure similar to the regular polygon, the upper and lower bases of which are made of five curvilinear elements of the same radius and thickness in height, each of which is formed from a tube blank and has the shape of an equilateral trapezium, Base to the base of the structure.

Such a known technical solution, providing requirements for the strength of the tower, the movement of cargo and the servicing of the windmill during operation, has, however, insufficient effectiveness from the viewpoint of regulating the interaction of the wind turbine of the wind turbine with the vortex trail of the tower.

On the one hand, the presence of sharp projecting ribs along the entire height at the junction of curvilinear sheet elements allows creating fixed zones of flow disruption in various flow regimes, which allows to reduce the intensity of vortices due to widening of the vortex trace and, accordingly, to reduce the loads on the tower and wind turbine of the wind turbine. On the other hand, when vortices are formed in a turbulent wake, it is necessary to ensure equalization of pressures for the organized "crushing" of the vortices, not only in the horizontal plane, but also in the vertical plane. Reducing the size of the vortices and reducing the intensity of circulation will reduce the load on the blade and allow regulating the process of interaction between the wind wheel and the tower, and will reduce the sound pressure levels.

Studies have shown that the second problem can not be solved by simply performing channels in the protruding elements of the tower, as, for example, in the well-known author. Svid. N 310.990 from 16.03.1970, cl. E 04 H 12/00.

Essentially a fundamentally new solution is required. The tower of the wind power plant is known (see author's report No. 1800099 dated June 25, 1990, class F 03 D 11/04), including a barrel made in the section in the form of a regular polygon, having posts with rigid cross-links attached to them Enclosing elements installed between the posts to form an internal cavity due to these elements of the trunk, and the upper and lower bases.

Such a tower in comparison with monolithic structures, such as construction on the author. Svid. N 310990, has a lower material consumption, lower cost and labor intensity.

For towers, which are carried out mainly for wind turbines, the presence of an internal cavity allows placing equipment, personnel and moving goods, for example, from the ground level through the inner volume of the tower to the gondola of the wind turbine.

At the same time, it has the same drawbacks from the point of view of interaction between the wind turbine of the wind turbine and the tower when a wind wheel traverses a vortex wake or a wind wheel passes the tower at a windward location, Svid. N 310.990 from 16.03.1970, cl. E 04 H 12/00, which sharply limits the possibility of using this known device for windmills, oriented mainly to work in the mode of power recoil in low-speed wind flows.

In addition, such a construction of the tower of the windmill does not work optimally in such a typical loading mode for the wind farm as "bending with torsion", when the tower is subjected to bending from the force of resistance of the wind wheel operating in the power recoil mode, and the wind wheel itself is not strictly oriented with respect to the wind due to insufficient sensitivity A control system for the position of the wind wheel or a control system error. The mismatch angle can reach 6.10 (198) the design case for the windmill power classes of 10.250 kW, which creates a significant torque acting on the tower of the windmill.

In the known by avt.svid. N 1800099 from 25.06.90 g. Cl. F 03 D 11/04 technical solution, the strength and necessary service life can be ensured practically at an irrationally increased diameter and thickness of the walls of the structure and, accordingly, high material consumption and laborious transportation and installation.

The impossibility of aerodynamic regulation of the flow of wind through the tower and the interaction with the wind wheel does not allow reducing the level of environmental pollution.

One more important aspect of the use of wind turbines should be noted, which becomes more important as the geography of the windmill is expanded, and which should be taken into account when developing new generations of wind turbines.

In variants of using a wind turbine for the needs of an autonomous consumer, on a local or industrial grid, the wind turbine is a local power supply source independent of the fuel supply, which makes it possible to use the wind turbine as a source of energy in earthquake and other disasters. In this case, wind turbines are required to be seismic proof, since after the earthquake the wind turbine may be the only source of energy in the disaster area. The task is complicated by a high-lying center of mass due to the presence of a heavy gondola, taken to a high altitude. Therefore, when creating a windmill, in particular, windmill towers, it is necessary to use design solutions that ensure a reduced location of the center of mass.

In the famous by avt. Svid. N 1 800 099 from 25.06.90 g. Cl. F 03 D 11/04 technical solution, these requirements are not reflected.

Thus, the drawbacks discussed limit the use of this known technical solution for a specific area, such as wind power plants, oriented to work in conditions of low-speed wind flows.

This technical solution of the known is the closest to the technical essence and the achieved result and is accepted as a prototype.

When creating the claimed invention, a number of interrelated problems were solved that could not be solved by the usual approach to designing the structure, for example, by increasing the diameter, thickness, material choice, an inventive solution level was required.

The object of the invention is:

  • Ensuring the reduction of loads on the tower and the blades of the wind turbine windmill while passing the blades past the tower and the interaction of the blades with the vortex trail;
  • A decrease in the material consumption, including the specific power unit of the wind turbine;
  • Increase in the strength and resource reserves of the tower and wind wheel due to the reduction of loads during the interaction of the wind wheel and the tower of the windmill;
  • Expansion of the range of operating speeds of wind turbine windings towards low speeds while maintaining efficiency at high speeds;
  • Reduction of vibrational loads transferred to the foundation of the windmill and into the ground;
  • Decrease in levels of acoustic pollution of the environment;
  • Improvement of working conditions for windmills and seismically active areas due to a decrease in the location of the center of mass of the windmill;
  • Increase the economy of wind turbines and reduce the payback period by reducing the cost of the tower and other units of wind turbines.

The goal is achieved as follows.

The tower of the wind power plant includes an upper and lower base, a barrel made in the form of a polyhedron that defines the inner volume of the tower, and is provided with windows made on each face and communicating with the internal volume of the tower, The tower, measured from the upper base and determined by the dependence



Where H is the height of the tower,

R radius of the blade of the wind wheel,

Db diameter of the tower,

The area F of the windows being determined from the ratio: 0.1 Fs F 0.8 Fs,

Where Fs is the total area of ​​the tower sweep on the length .

In addition, the claimed tower of the wind turbine has the following differences:

  • The windows are made with pitch t of the helix, determined from the relation:

    T (k × n + b) × (n 1) × m

    Where h is the height of the tower window,

    N number of faces of the tower,

    B the distance between adjacent windows on the sides of the tower,

    K coefficient of overlap in height of adjacent windows on the sides of the tower (k 0.5),

    M number of helical lines;
  • The tower along the length is divided into a number of sections, the internal volume of which is communicated with each other, at least in one of the sections a closed cavity is provided, communicating with the internal volume of at least one of the adjacent sections with the windows through the channels with calibrated resistance;
  • Windows located along the helical line are made with the right angle of twist of the line or with the left one depending on the direction of rotation of the wind wheel, the windows can be located both on a single-pass and multi-threaded helix;
  • The height of the window is greater than or equal to their width;
  • The windows are round, oval or rectangular with rounded corners;
  • At least a few windows are designed to allow personnel to pass through them;
  • The windows in the tower are provided with grids, and the grids can be installed both over the entire length of the section , And in the area of ​​the helical line, one step in length, measured from the upper base of the tower.

The attached drawings depict:

FIG. 1 general view of the wind turbine; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the tower, section AA of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tower, section B-B of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 a tower with an illustration of the location of the windows on the sides of the tower. (An example of a cylindrical tower design is shown.).

FIG. 5 fragment of the tower sweep for the version of the two-thread helix, m = 2 (The variant of the cylindrical structure of the tower is shown.); FIG. 6 formation of the upper trace in the flow around the tower, horizontal section.

FIG. 7, the bending moment Mn (t) acting on the blade as the wind wheel passes through the vortex trail of the tower Mnmax 1.3.1.5 Mst. Mn1 (t) denotes the moment arising for the tower version in the form of a circular cylinder Mn1max = 3 Mst; FIG. 8 shows the formation of a vortex trail in the flow of a tower through a wind flow. Vertical cross section. Formation of spherical vortices.

The figures and materials of the application indicate: the upper base of the tower 1; Bottom base of tower 2; The trunk of the tower 3; Windows made on the faces of the tower 4; The top section of the tower is 5; The middle section of the tower is 6; Lower section of tower 7; Wind wheel 8; The base of the tower 9; The blade of the wind wheel is 10; Gondola wind turbine 11.

Height of the section of the tower on which the aerodynamic windows are located, measured from the top of the tower;

T pitch of the helix;

N number of tower faces (in the materials of the application the tower variant for n 5 is considered);

A the width of the window (may be variable in height of the tower a = a (H);

H height of the window (may be variable in tower height h = h (H); m number of helix lines;

B distance between the adjacent windows on the sides of the tower;

T1 the origin of one step of the helical line (the beginning of window N 1);

Tn the end of one step of the screw line (the beginning of the window is Nn, n = 5);

R radius of the wind wheel;

Db the diameter of the tower in the area of ​​the windows (the largest for the cone version of the tower);

Fs turret sweep area on length ;

F the area of ​​windows;

K coefficient of overlapping of adjacent windows in height at the sides of the tower (K @ 0.5);

Db the diameter of the spherical vortices in the wake in the zone of influence 1 in the area ;

D the diameter of the spherical vortices in the wake in the zone of influence 11 in the section 0 <H <(R + db);

V Ґ speed of unperturbed wind flow;

Mst is the stationary value of the bending moment in the root part of the blade for a wind wheel, loaded with an unperturbed flow;

Mn is the maximum (peak) value of the moment when the wind wheel blade intersects the vortex trace for the claimed solution;

Mn1, the maximum (peak) value of the moment when the vane wheel intersects the wind wheel with a vortex wake for a cylindrical tower of circular cross-section.

The tower of the wind power plant (Figure 1) includes an upper 1 and a lower 2 base, a trunk 3 made in the form of a polygon bounding the inner volume of the tower, and is provided with windows 4 formed on each side of the trunk 3 communicating with the internal volume of the tower, Friend on the helical line in the middle of the height H of the tower, counted from the upper base 1 and determined by the relationship (1):

(1)

Where H is the height of the tower, R is the radius of the blade of the wind wheel, db is the diameter of the tower;

The area F of the windows is determined from the relation (2):

0.1 Fs @ F @ 0.8 Fs, (2)

The windows 4 being formed with a pitch t (see Fig 4.5 of the screw line), determined from the relation (3):

T (k h h + b) ((n 1) m m (3),

Where h is the height of the tower window, n is the number of faces of the tower, b is the distance between adjacent windows on the sides of the tower, k is the overlap factor for the adjacent windows on the tower faces (k @ 0.5), m is the number of helix lines.

In length, the tower is divided into a number of sections 5, 6, 7, the inner volume of which is communicated with each other, and at least in one of the sections (in Figure 1 in section 7) a closed cavity is communicated with the internal volume, at least , One of the adjacent sections with windows (in Figure 1 with section 6) through channels with calibrated resistance.

The windows 4 in the tower, depending on the direction of rotation of the wind wheel 8 (Figure 1), are made with the right or left angle of twist of the helical line, single-pass or multi-turn.

For example, it is preferable to make a helix with the right angle of twist when rotating the wind wheel located behind the tower counterclockwise (the direction of view "downwind").

With the rotation of the wind wheel clockwise, the favorable direction of twist of the helix is ​​left.

The windows in the tower can have a constant height throughout the tower h = const, and, for example, decrease in height. Step t for h = h (H) is variable. This option is suitable for the construction of the tower.

As shown by the research, it is optimal to implement the claimed device in the conical version of the tower structure when it is executed using the well-known N 94006192/33 (006233) dated 02.22.94, Cl. E 04 H 12/00, F 03 D 11/04 of a long construction structure (see sheet 3 of this application) having a conical construction. At the same time, it is also applicable to the cylindrical construction of the tower, significantly reducing aerodynamic and mechanical loads acting on cylindrical and conical structures, especially dangerous for high towers of wind turbines. In the claims, the applicants did not introduce features limiting the performance of the tower of the windmill only conical or only cylindrical, because The claimed solution is effective for various tower construction options.

The windows 4 are advantageously designed to be equal in height or larger than their width, rectangular with rounded edges, round, oval, at least several windows configured to allow personnel to pass through them, for example, for emergency exit of the tower, performing work outside the tower.

To control the aerodynamic drag, windows 4 are provided with grids, and the windows can be covered with grids both over the entire height H, and only within one upper turn of the helix.

Under the influence of the wind flow V Ґ and the operation of the wind wheel 8, the tower undergoes bending and twisting moments from the resistance force of the windflow of the wind wheel 8 and the tower proper. The shell of the tower polyhedron works well for bending with torsion. Windows 4 weaken the tower, but their location in the upper part of the tower on the site From the upper base 1 and execution along the helical line with mutual overlapping of the windows on adjacent turns allows to maintain the torsional stiffness and sufficient torque resistance moment.

The bending moment increases to the bottom of the tower, so the windows on the site Only in the upper and middle sections it is possible to maintain the high load-carrying capacity of the structure in the zone of action of the maximum bending moment.

In the event of a flow separation on the sharp projecting ribs of the polyhedron through the windows 4 (see Figures 6, 8), air is exchanged from the internal volume of the tower, from the side of the incident flow and from the side of the vortex trail. As a result, pressure equalization in the separation zones and crushing of the resulting vortices are achieved.

The execution of windows along the helical line, in addition to providing strength, creates favorable conditions for the formation of a spherical vortex of small diameter.

As a result, the vortex trace (Fig. 8) is split into a series of vortices of small diameter with a low circulation intensity.

It is important to note that the claimed performance of the tower of the windmill from the position of aerodynamics is not just a "blocking" of the flow by parts of the structure, but is a certain combination of design performance and size ratios, which makes it possible to obtain "organized" in the wind speed range from 3.0 to 60 m / A stable picture of the formation of a vortex trail in which both the wind wheel and the tower experience reduced dynamic loads.

The internal volume of the tower due to the elasticity of the air column participates in the formation of a vortex trace. The adjustment or, more precisely, the adjustment of column oscillations to the vortex formation process is accomplished by specifying the area of ​​the hole or channel connecting the volumes of the adjacent sections of the tower, for example, in FIG. 1 sections 5,6 and the height of the column of air participating in the oscillations: within one section, if the connecting holes or channels are made of a small area, or two or more sections, if the connecting channels (holes) are sufficiently large. (The sufficiency criterion is determined from the ratio of the area of ​​the tower section and the opening between the sections and the resistance force in the hole when the air flows from the section to the section based on the prevalence of the elastic forces over the damping ones or vice versa.) This "adjustment" is made during installation based on the conditions of wind currents, Wind turbine and the parameters of the wind wheel as applied to the conditions of the location of the windmill.

The area of ​​the windows F is limited, on the one hand, by considerations of strength: hence the upper limit is set to 0.8 F, while the most favorable loading of the wind wheel and the tower is observed. At the same time, at F = 0.1 F, the picture of the interaction of the wind wheel with the vortex track becomes very rigid, the dimensions of the vortices in the wake become noticeable in comparison with the radius of the wind wheel, which limits the effectiveness of the claimed solution, since Windows of a small area can not cope with the problem of equalizing the pressure in open zones and the intensity of the vortex formation increases sharply. Therefore, F = 0.1 F is chosen as the lower limit in the dependence (2).

When a wind wheel is installed in front of a tower or behind a tower, in classical variants of a wind turbine, one of the most negative factors is that the blade is disturbed by the "proximity" of the tower caused by a change in the stiffness of the air column between the blade and the tower (the wheel in front of the tower) A vortex in a vortex wake (wheel behind the tower), applied along the entire length of the blade, which actually causes an increase in the load on the blade approximately three times with respect to the load from the undisturbed flow. In the claimed solution, the size of the vortex tower obtained in the vortex wake is small in relation to the length of the blade, which is very important, because Allows to "close" the vortex in a limited area of ​​the blade, which has high local rigidity and effectively perceives this disturbance, practically not transferring it to the root part. As a result, instead of powerful bursts of dynamic loading, the blade of the wind wheel is subjected to a series of relatively weak impulses, which greatly increases the life of the blade, reduces the load on the shaft of the wind wheel, the transmission, the supporting and rotating device, the tower of the windmill, and reduces the loads transferred to the foundation and to the ground.

Height , In which the windows 4 are constructed in the tower, is set from the condition of providing a favorable vortex formation within the entire length of the blade of the wind wheel 8 of radius R, and the transition zone, the extent of which is within the diameter db of the tower, in order to avoid unfavorable loading of the blade ends, thus:

.

In Fig. 7 shows a comparative picture of the loading of the wind wheel blade with the bending moment Mn (t) for the variants of the claimed solution Mn (t) and for the circular cylindrical tower Mn1 (t).

The presented graphs illustrate the effectiveness of the claimed solution, which, for example, provides a reduction in the maximum bending moment by 2.0.2.5 times. When the intensity of the oscillations decreases, the sound pressure level decreases and, accordingly, the environmental pollution decreases. The requirements to the strength of the blade are reduced, or if the strength is maintained, the resource of not only the wind wheel, but also other units of the windmill, is significantly increased.

From the viewpoint of windows, the most favorable is the execution of windows with a shift of 1/2 h in adjacent turns (and faces), where h is the height of the window, in this case an optimal combination of flexural and torsional strengths with a maximum window area F is achieved. This is established in numerous strength studies for tower variants using shell finite element models. The pitch t of the helical line is set from the condition of "closing" one coil of the line with an integer number of windows.

The execution of at least several windows with a width sufficient to allow personnel to pass allows the emergency exit of the tower by personnel, for example in case of a fire, and for the exit of personnel for the performance of external works. For the passage of a person, the width of the opening is 0.5.0.6 m.

When developing a wind turbine using the claimed pentagonal tower with a diameter of the circumscribed circle at the bottom of 2.8 and 1.7 m in the upper part, height H = 30 m, made of three sections, the width of the windows is 0.4 m, height 0.6 M, while in the lower part of the middle section poses. 6 in Fig. 1 there are two windows 0.5 m wide (m = 2).

The shape of the window is selected from the following considerations: obtaining maximum strength round, oval oriented with a large axis along the generators - the edges of the tower; Obtaining the maximum opening area of ​​the windows rectangular with rounded corners (rounded to avoid the development of fatigue cracks and easing stress concentration), in order to save weight and improve the parameters of the vortex trail.

Execution of sections of the tower with windows: for example, for the example considered above, with a radius of the wind wheel R = 11.5 m in the section Two upper sections: N 6 and N 7, for variant R = 8.5 m on the site Upper section 6 and part of section 7 allows to reduce the position of the center of mass of the tower of the windmill, and accordingly the entire windmill, which, according to calculated data, reduces the dynamic load on the lower section of the tower and the foundation for an earthquake of 10 points (on the Richter scale) by approximately 15.25%

In one section of the tower a cavity of a closed volume is made, for example, for a hardware room in the lower section of the tower. This cavity is communicated with adjacent sections (at least with one of the sections) through channels with calibrated resistance (constructive execution of the "labyrinth", louver, etc.). When the column of air in the section fluctuates due to communication with a closed cavity, it is possible to regulate the air exchange, which can be used to ventilate the room. The calibrated resistance allows you to set the required flow rate depending on the oscillation of the column when the wind turbine is operated by the wind turbine.

The installation of nets in the windows limits the ingress of foreign objects and birds into the tower, increases safety when moving personnel and cargo in the internal volume of the tower. When using dense meshes with a small cell size, the meshes perform a regulating role, creating an aerodynamic resistance in air exchange, controlled by the permeability of the grid. The elasticity of the grid in the presence of air vibrations hinders its freezing and clogging with dust, and creates an additional positive effect due to the introduction of damping into the oscillatory processes developing in the dynamic system of the wind-wheel-vortex track-tower. When taking air in the ventilation system of the gondola from the tower, making nets only on one upper turn of the helical line makes it possible to extend the air path to the gondola and solve the problem of snow and dust falling into the gondola while directly taking air from the atmosphere. For example, for Vorkuta conditions it is necessary to tightly close the air intake blinds in the gondola at a height of 30 m in order to avoid skidding of the equipment with snow, which by the head of the wind flow passes through small cracks and leaks. Extension of the air path with flow turns prevents snow and dust from entering the gondola in tundra or desert regions.

With the use of the claimed solution, a real design of the wind turbine has been designed for a number of capacities of 50.150 kW. The study using numerical finite element methods and research on models showed high efficiency of the claimed solution, which for the first time makes it possible to optimally solve the problem of the joint operation of the wind wheel and the tower of the windmill with minimization of the arising loads and is the basis for creating a number of practical designs of wind turbines designed for operation In low-speed wind flows and preserving efficiency with medium and high winds.

Thus, the claimed solution is progressive, and its use creates a positive effect, which consists in the following: reducing the loads on the tower and the wind turbine blades of the wind turbine while passing the blades past the tower and the interaction of the blades with the vortex track; Decreases the material consumption, including the specific power unit of the wind turbine; The safety factor and the resources of the tower and wind wheel are increased due to the reduction of loads during the interaction of the wind wheel and the tower of the wind turbine; The working speed range of the wind turbine windings extends in the direction of low speeds while maintaining efficiency at high speeds; The vibrational loads transmitted to the foundation of the windmill and to the ground are reduced; The levels of acoustic pollution of the environment are decreasing; Conditions for the operation of wind turbines in seismically active regions are improved due to a decrease in the location of the center of mass of the wind turbine; Increases the economy of wind turbines and shortens the payback period by reducing the cost of the tower and other wind turbine units.

CLAIM

1. Tower of the wind power plant including the upper and lower base, a barrel made in the form of a polygon bounding the inner volume of the tower, characterized in that it is provided with windows formed on each face and communicating with the internal volume of the tower, Within the height of the tower, measured from the upper base and determined by the dependence:



Where H is the height of the tower;

R radius of the blade of the wind wheel;

D b diameter of the tower,

And the window area F is determined from the relation

0.1F s@ F @ 0.8F s ,

Where F s is the total area of ​​the tower sweep over the length .

2. Tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the windows are made with the pitch of the helix, determined from the relationship:

T (k h h + b) ((n 1) m m

Where h is the height of the tower window;

N the number of faces of the tower;

B the distance between the adjacent windows on the side of the tower;

K coefficient of overlap in height adjacent windows on the sides of the tower (k @ 0.5);

M number of helix lines.

3. A tower according to claim 1, characterized in that it is divided in length into a number of sections, the internal volume of which is communicated with each other, and at least one of the sections is provided with a closed cavity communicated with an internal volume of at least one of the adjacent sections With windows through channels with calibrated resistance.

4. Tower according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the windows located along the helical line are made with the right angle of twist of the line.

5. Tower according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the windows located along the helical line are made with the left corner of the twist of the line.

2. Tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the windows are located on a multi-threaded helical line.

7. Tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the windows is greater than or equal to their width.

8. Tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the windows are made round.

9. Tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the windows are made oval.

10. Tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the windows are rectangular with rounded corners.

11. The tower of claim 1, wherein at least a plurality of windows are configured to allow personnel to pass therethrough.

12. Tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the windows in it are provided with grids.

13. Tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the windows are provided with grids, located in a section of a screw line, one step in length, measured from the upper base of the tower.

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Date of publication 04/03/2007