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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2231679
VETROELECTRIC POWER STATION WITH HIGHER EFFICIENCY
The name of the inventor: Byakov Evgeniy Mikhailovich (RU); Arsentyev Alexander Arsentievich (RU); Byakov Alexey Evgenievich (RU); Byakov Andrey Evgenievich (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Byakov Evgeniy Mikhailovich (RU); Arsentyev Alexander Arsentievich (RU); Byakov Alexey Evgenievich (RU); Byakov Andrey Evgenievich (RU)
Address for correspondence: 424000, Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, PO Box 29, A.A. Arsentieva
Date of commencement of the patent: 2002.04.15
The invention relates to wind power and is an installation for converting wind energy into electrical energy.
The technical result, which consists in increasing the power of the wind farm , ensuring the independence of the rotational speed of the turbine shaft from the change in wind speed, ensuring the self-orientation of the wind turbine to the wind, is provided by the fact that in a wind power plant containing an energy unit having an air turbine mechanically connected to the generator, a turbine confuser , The outer shell, the diffuser, according to the invention, the power unit is provided with at least two additional radially disposed confusers having a compression chamber tapering along the airflow path, forming an annular slit ejector at the outlet of each of them, and along the axis of the power unit in its turbulent space Reflector of ejecting streams, while the turbine blades are designed to expand towards the maximum diameter of the turbine.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to wind power and is a wind power plant, i.e. an installation for converting wind energy into electrical energy.
Wind power plants are known that transform the kinetic energy of air currents by direct wind action on the blades of a wind wheel or turbine [1]. However, they are not effective enough.
To improve the efficiency of wind power plants in a number of their designs, the double effect on the turbine of an accelerated flow at the inlet and rarefaction from the outlet channel was applied [2, 3, 4].
The wind turbine described in [2] contains an external and internal confuser, an ejection tube communicated with them placed coaxially with the internal confuser, and installed in the last air turbine connected to the generator. The outer confuser is provided with internal spiral guides and is coaxial with the initial part of the exhaust pipe, in which longitudinal windows are provided, the guides tangentially adjoining the edges of the windows. Air flow, accelerated in the channels formed by spiral guides, creates a vacuum in the windows of the exhaust pipe and provides an accelerated flow out of the turbulent space.
However, such a design does not ensure the full use of the kinetic energy of the ejecting streams and creates only a slight underpressure in the discharge pipe.
The station described in [3] contains a confuser, a turbine, a generator connected to it, air intake parts of external air flow input from both sides, a flow divider that distributes the incoming airflow through two channels - inlet and outlet, a compression chamber in which the turbine is located, The unit for removing airflow behind the turbine into a zone of reduced pressure.
At the station, there is a significant loss of internal energy of the flow, both in the inlet channel connected to the compression chamber, due to its 270 ° turn , and the flow in the discharge channel passing through the duct system with several turns to the reduced pressure zone. This does not allow the conversion of energy of air streams with high efficiency, effectively use the internal energy of the flow and its energy of pressure.
A wind power plant is known that contains a confuser, a turbine, an outer shell, a central body mounted on the symmetry axis of the installation (inside which a generator is placed on one axis with the turbine), the fairing [4] is the closest analogue.
The annular gaps between the surfaces of the central body, the fairing and the outer shell due to the difference in the energy flowing into the confuser of the air flow and the rarefaction at the bottom of the installation ensure an increase in the airflow velocity and in the ejecting sections of the channels created by these surfaces allow increasing the kinetic energy of the streams, thereby Create a vacuum in the turbulent space.
However, achieving an efficient operating mode of this installation is possible only at sufficiently high wind flow rates. In addition, in this installation there are significant losses of the internal energy of the main flow in the channel "confusor-turbine-diffuser" due to the construction of tapering ejecting channels in the flow path in the pre-diffuser space.
The general drawbacks of the analogues considered include the absence of solutions to maintain the constancy of the output parameter - the rotational speed of the air turbine shaft from the change in the inlet speed of the wind flow, the lack of self-orientation of the wind turbines to the wind.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome these drawbacks, namely, to increase the power of the wind power plant, to ensure the independence of the rotational speed of the turbine shaft from the change in wind speed, and the self-orientation of the wind turbine to the wind.
This problem is solved by the fact that in a wind power plant containing an energy unit having an air turbine mechanically connected to the generator, a turbine confuser, an outer shell, a diffuser, an energy unit is provided with at least two additional radially disposed confusers having convergent compressors along the airflow path Forming an annular slit ejector at the outlet of each of them, and along the axis of the power unit in its turbulent space there is a reflector of the ejecting streams, while the turbine blades are designed to expand towards the maximum diameter of the turbine. Turbine blades have the ability to automatically change the "angle of attack" to the airflow plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The power unit is mounted on a self-orienting platform with the possibility of rotation on the rollers along a monorail closed in a circle. The drive to the axis of rotation of the platform is made from below. The mechanism for self-orientation of the platform contains an electric drive and two position sensors, one of which is mounted on the axis of rotation of the wind direction indicator and the other on the pinion shaft, the rotation angle and direction of rotation correspond to the rotation of the platform rotation shaft. The wind power plant has a steering wheel for manual installation of the platform in the starting position. The current generators of the generator are driven through the shaft cavity of the axis of rotation of the platform.
 1 shows a wind power plant power unit |
 2 shows a self-orienting platform of a wind power plant |
 3 is an axonometric view of a wind power station |
The wind power plant contains an energy unit mounted on a self-orienting platform, having an air turbine 1 whose shaft 2 is mechanically connected to the generator 3, a turbine confuser 4, radially disposed confusors 5 and 6, which are provided with stream compression chambers 7 and 8 with flow The formation of annular slotted ejectors 9 and 10 at the outlet of each of them. The blades of turbine 1 are designed to expand in the direction of its maximum diameter. On the axis of the power unit, in its turbulent space, there is a conical reflector 11 of the ejecting flows forming a diffuser outlet channel 13 with the outer shell 12 of the power unit. The turbine blades 1 have the possibility of changing the "angle of attack" to the airflow plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the turbine 1 by an electric drive, Which consists of a tachogenerator 14, an electric motor 15, a reduction gear 16, a drive shaft 17 passing through the cavity of the shaft 2 of the turbine 1 to a rotation mechanism located in the hub 18 of the turbine 1 of the fairing 19. The power-generating unit comprises a frame 20 mounted on the rollers 21 with the possibility Rotation on a monorail 22 closed to a circle, to which a hollow shaft 23 is attached, the rotation of which is transmitted from the electric motor 24 via a reducer 25 and a gear mechanism 26. The self-alignment mechanism of the platform has two position sensors, one of which is 27 mounted on the axis of rotation of the wind direction indicator (Weather vane) 28 and the other 29 on the rotation axis of the pinion gear gear 26 whose angle of rotation is equal to the rotation angle of the shaft 23 of the frame 20. For manual installation of the platform, the rotary hand wheel 30 serves. The voltage leads from the generator 3 of the power unit are led through the cavity 31 Shaft 23. |
The wind power plant works as follows. A free air flow moving along the surface of the outer shell 12 of the power generating unit creates a depression at the bottom cutoff 32 of the diffuser by ejection 13. Moreover, the zone of effective influence of this stream participating in the creation of vacuum is at least one diameter of the bottom cut of the power unit, that is, in this process An annular air flow is involved, the largest diameter of which is not less than three diameters of the bottom cut. The energy of this stream can be determined using the first law of thermodynamics or calculated from the formula for determining the elastic energy of the gas, or by other known methods.
The air flow entering the inlet section of the confuser 6 has a certain energy reserve calculated by known methods.
Under the influence of two energy flows from the inlet channel of the confuser 6 and from the side of the bottom cut 32, the air flow compressed in the compression chamber 8 in the minimum section of the annular slit of the annular slit ejector 10 reaches its maximum velocity, i.e. the kinetic energy of the flow increases sharply. Accordingly, as the velocity increases, the pressure in this section decreases, whose value is denoted by P 1 <1 . This pressure will be substantially lower than the pressure P 0 in the free stream.
Due to a sharp increase in kinetic energy, a decrease in pressure in the ejector airflow of the ejector 10 creates a depression in the cone of this stream, whose base is at the trailing edge of the blades of turbine 1, and the peak on the centerline of the power unit at a distance approximately equal to the diameter of the turbine.
Simultaneously, under the influence of two energy flows from the inlet channel of the confuser 5 and from the side of the rarefied volume of the dilution cone created by the ejector 10, the air flow compressed in the compression chamber 7 in the minimum section of the annular slot of the annular slit ejector 9 reaches a maximum speed, i.e., The kinetic energy rises sharply, considerably exceeding the kinetic energy of the flow from the annular slit ejector 10. Accordingly, as the velocity increases, the minimum pressure of the ejector 9 decreases, the value of which is denoted by P 2 . In this case, P 2 <P .
Due to a sharp increase in kinetic energy, a decrease in pressure in the ejector airflow of the ejector 9 creates a depression in the cone of this stream, whose base is at the trailing edge of the blades of turbine 1, and the peak on the centerline of the power unit at a distance of approximately 3/4 of the diameter of the turbine.
So, if we assume that the pressure in the output part of the ejector 10 is P 1 = 0.85 ... 0.9P 0 , then the pressure P 2 in the output part of the ejector 9 is P 2 = 0.7 ... 0.75P 0 . The minimum airflow pressure in the turbine part of the turbine confuser 4 and will be equal to P 2 .
The ejecting streams of the ejectors 9 and 10 in the annular plane of contact with the surface of the reflector 11 have certain reserves of kinetic energy concentrated in the contact plane with the reflector 11. These ejecting currents, reflected toward the diffuser 13, create additional vacuum in the cone of the turbulent volume and in the diffuser 13.
At the outlet of the turbine confuser 4, in its minimum section a turbine 1 has been installed, and in this section (on the turbine) the airflow speed increased by 1.2 times due to the geometry of the confuser design from the interaction of energy entering the confuser 4 (to the turbine) of the air Flow and vacuum, reaches a maximum value. The kinetic energy at turbine 1 is a disposable work that will be converted into rotation of turbine 1 and associated electric current generator 3.
The rarefaction in the zone of the turbulent space reduces the pressure of the air flow on the rear surfaces of the blades of the turbine 1 as it rotates. This makes it possible to use, in this invention, instead of the traditional "feather-like" shape of the working surfaces of the blades (pointed towards the maximum diameter of the turbine 1), the "reverse sail" type blade, i. With an expanding working surface towards the maximum diameter of the turbine 1.
The kinetic energy of the air flow in the confuser 4, which acts on the large working surface of the blade, produces a great deal of work, which provides a significant increase in the torque on the shaft of the turbine 1, and, consequently, increases the power of the wind farm.
Automatic rotation of the blades of the turbine 1 with a change in the "angle of attack" of the blades within 15 ... 90 degrees to the plane of the inlet airflow makes it possible to stabilize the rotational speed of the shaft 2 of the turbine 1, which depends unambiguously on the speed of the air flow in the turbine confuser 4, the load on the generator shaft 3 , And thus maintain at the level of the required parameters the frequency of the alternating current generated by the generator 3. The rotation mechanism of the blades of the turbine 1 operates as follows: the signal from the tacho generator 14 in the form of a direct current voltage proportional to the rotational frequency determines the predetermined rotational speed of the shaft 2 of the turbine 1. As the air flow rate and therefore the rotation speed of the shaft 2 of the turbine 1 are increased, the higher the voltage of the tachogenerator 14 increases, producing a signal including the motor 15 for increasing the "angle of attack" of the blades with the direction of rotation transmitted through the reduction gear 16, the transmission shaft 17 To the paddle rotation mechanism located in the hub 18 of the turbine 1, and thus the rotational speed of the shaft 2 of the turbine 1 remains constant when the load torque on the generator shaft 3 is constant. As the speed of the air flow decreases and, consequently, the speed of the shaft 2 of the turbine 1 is lower than the set one, the voltage of the tachogenerator 14 decreases, producing a signal including the motor 15 for reducing the "angle of attack" of the blades with the direction of rotation transmitted through the reduction gear 16, 17 to the paddle rotation mechanism located in the hub 18 of the turbine 1 and thus the rotational speed of the shaft 2 of the turbine 1 when the load torque on the shaft of the generator 3 is constant and remains the same.
The system for automatic control of the speed of rotation of the shaft 2 of the turbine 1 can be constructed based on the known schemes and principles of the theory and practice of constructing automatic control systems for electric drives closed by monitoring one or more parameters.
The power unit of the wind farm installed on the self-orienting platform is brought to the starting position (direction to the wind) by means of the hand-wheel transmitting the force of rotation 30, through the gear mechanism 26, the hollow shaft of rotation 23, the frame 20 to the rollers 21. After transferring the wind power station to the starting position and starting the generator 3 Generates an electric current of 380 volts, and the wind power plant goes into automatic orientation mode to the wind.
The automatic orientation of the wind power station to the wind is effected by the mismatch signal of position sensors 27 and 29, for example resistance sensors (variable resistors) mounted on the axes of rotation of the wind direction indicator 28 and the gear wheel gear 26 in direction and speed corresponding to the rotation shaft 23 including the motor 24 , Which transmits the direction of rotation through the reduction gear 25, the gear mechanism 26, the rotation shaft 23, the frame 20 to the rollers 21. With a decrease in the error signal to zero, due to the platform's leveling, the motor 24 is turned off, the turnaround stops, the wind farm becomes oriented to the wind. When the direction of the wind changes in one direction or another, the mechanism of turning the wind power station works in a similar way.
The system of automatic self-orientation and can be built on the basis of known schemes and principles of theory and practice of constructing automatic control systems for electric drives.
The air turbine of the power unit of the wind power plant is efficient even with insignificant pressure drops. The wind power plant is able to operate efficiently at free air speed V 0 = 3 ... 7 m / s .
INFORMATION SOURCES
1. Wind power. Edited by D. de Renzo. Moscow: Energoizdat, 1982, pp.81-86.
2. The author's certificate of the USSR №1666801, МПК F 03 D 1/04, 1989.
3. Patent of Japan 62-11190, IPC F 03 D 1/00, 1987.
4. Application PCT / WO 97/41351 (closest analogue).
CLAIM
A wind power plant comprising an energy unit having an air turbine mechanically coupled to the generator, a turbine confuser, an outer shell, a diffuser, characterized in that the power unit is provided with at least two additional radially disposed confusers having an air compression chamber tapering downstream Each of them an annular slit ejector, and along the axis of the power unit in its turbulent space there is a reflector of the ejecting flows, while the turbine blades are designed to expand towards the maximum diameter of the turbine.
Wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine blades have the possibility of automatically changing the "angle of attack" to the plane of the air flow perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
Wind power plant according to any one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the power unit is mounted on a self-orienting platform with the possibility of rotation on the rollers along a closed in a circle monorail.
Wind power plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive to the axis of rotation of the platform is made from below.
Wind power plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the self-orientation mechanism of the platform comprises an electric drive and two position sensors, one of which is mounted on the axis of rotation of the wind direction indicator and the other on the gear shaft, the rotation angle and direction of rotation correspond to the rotation Shaft rotation of the platform.
Wind power plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a steering wheel for manual placement of the platform in the starting position.
Wind power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the current leads from the generator of the power unit are withdrawn through the cavity of the shaft of the axis of rotation of the platform.
print version
Date of publication 11/28/2006
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