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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2074328

WAVE HYDRO-POWER STATION

The name of the inventor: Andrey N. Averkiev
The name of the patent holder: Averkiev Andrey Nikolaevich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1993.07.20

Usage: to hydropower, namely to wave power plants and can be used in wave power plants. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The wave power plant comprises a support 1, a piezo generator 2, a stand 3, a hinge 4, a lever 5, a float 6, a pressure plate 7, electronic switches 8, 9, a voltage divider 10, an analog-to-digital converter 11, a counter 12, And 14, numerical comparators 19 and 20, logic elements AND 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and NOT 28, a trigger 26, a generator 27. The wave power plant makes it possible to generate a specified voltage with high accuracy of its regulation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to hydropower, namely to wave power plants and can be used in wave power plants.

There are known wave power stations that convert the energy of waves into electrical energy by using the oscillating motion of the buoyant heat that drives a piston pump, from which liquid is supplied under pressure to a turbine that generates electricity.

The disadvantage of such installations is a rather high complexity and low efficiency.

The closest in technical essence to the invention is a wave power station containing a pontoon with piezoelements buried under the water level and anchored to the bottom, and a two-part float connected by means of rods and hinges with a pontoon. The device is accepted as a prototype.

Its disadvantage is the low quality of electricity, which depends on the strength of the waves.

The object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a power plant.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a wave power station containing a support with piezo-generators fixed on it, the support is placed on the shore (platform), and there are posts with axes on each of which a different lever is mounted, on whose larger arm a float is mounted, and On a smaller pressure plate located above the piezo generator, and the piezo generator is assembled from N sections separated by dielectric spacers, each section having a piezo film placed between the upper and lower substrates, in addition, the thickness of the piezo film in the i-th section is taken in accordance with expression _I = ₁ · 2 ^i-1 ; Where _1, the thickness of the piezo film of the first section, and the output clamp of one polarity is connected through N consecutive shunt keys with an output terminal of a different polarity, and the upper substrate of the i-th section is connected to the input of the shunt key of the i-th section through the i-th sectional electronic key, The lower substrate is connected to the output of the shunt key of the i-th section, whose control electrode through the i-th logic element is NOT connected to the corresponding output of the second reversing counter connected by the corresponding outputs to the control electrodes of the corresponding section keys, and the summing input with the output of the fourth AND gate, The first input of which is connected to the output MORE of the third numerical comparator associated with the output LESS with the first input of the third AND gate, the bits of the first input with the corresponding bits of the output of the master register, and the bits of the second input with the corresponding bits of the memory register output and the original number of the first reverse counter , The input entry of the initial number of which is connected to the entry of the memory register entry, the second inputs of the third and fourth logic elements AND, the flip-flop input of the flip-flop and the output of the first differentiator, whose input is connected to the output MORE than the first number of the comparator connected: by the bits of the first input with the corresponding bits of the counter output And the input of the memory register; The bits of the second input with the corresponding digits of the output of the analog-to-digital converter and the second input of the second numerical comparator; Output LESS with the second input of the second AND gate, whose output is connected to the counting input of the counter, the fault input of which is connected to a single input of the trigger, the reset input of the second reverse counter, the RESET bus and the output of the second differentiator, whose input is connected to the output LESSER of the second numerical comparator Associated with the discharges of the first input with the corresponding output bits of the first reversing counter and the output MORE with the second input of the first AND gate connected to the subtracting input of the first reversing counter, the first input to the output of the stable pulse generator and the first input of the second AND gate, the third input To the inverse output of the flip-flop, a single output is connected to the third input of the second AND gate, in addition a voltage divider is connected to the output terminals of the generator, the slider of which is connected to the input of the analog-to-digital converter, and the output of the third AND gate with the subtractive input of the second reversing counter.

The pressure shield provides simultaneous action immediately on the entire area of ​​the piezo generator. The lever, fixed on the stand, mounted on the support, allows increasing the pressure acting on the film.

The piezo generator is composed of N sections, the voltage of which differs by a factor of two in connection with the different thicknesses of the piezo film, and is determined for the i-th section by the expression V _i V ₁ · 2 ^i-1 , where V _{1 is the} voltage of the first section. This makes it possible to have any necessary voltage at the output terminals of the power plant and to ensure its stability, depending on the station load and the wave power by varying the number of sections included in the work.

The shunting and sectional electronic switches controlled by the second reversing counter ensure switching of the sections when the voltage is regulated. The voltage divider and analog-to-digital converter constitute the measuring element of the voltage regulation circuit. The first numerical comparator, the counter, the second AND gate, the stable pulse generator and the first differentiator provide the voltage amplitude code generation, which is stored in the memory register. The second numerical comparator, the first reversing counter, the second differentiator, and the first AND element serve to return the circuit to its original state to form the next amplitude code. The third numerical comparator, the register of memory, the register, the third and fourth logic elements AND form a regulating influence on the second reversing counter to increase or decrease the voltage of the piezo generator.

In Fig. 1 is a view of a wave power station; In Fig. 2 is a section along AA; In Fig. 3 device and control circuit piezo generator; In Fig. 4 - block diagram of the automatic voltage regulation system; In Fig. 5 - signal diagrams at the outputs of the main elements of the control circuit.

Wave power plant contains a support 1, a piezo generator 2, a stand 3, a hinge 4, a lever 5, a float 6, a pressure shield 7, shunting electronic switches 8 1, 8 N sectional electronic switches 9 1, 9 N, voltage divider 10, analog-digital converter 11, pulse counter 12, first 13 and second 14 reverse counters, first 15, second 16 and third 17 numerical comparators, memory register 18, first 19 and second 20 differentiators specifying register 21, first 22, second 23, third 24 and fourth 25 logic elements AND, a flip-flop 26, a stable pulse generator 27, logic elements HE 28 1, 28 N. The piezo generator 2 consists of N sections, each comprising an upper 30 N and a lower 32 N substrate with current leads, a piezoelectric film 31 N and a dielectric spacer 33 N.

The power plant works as follows. At the wave approach, the float 6 rises and force is exerted on the larger lever arm 5. The lever rotates on the axis 4 and the pressure plate 7 acts on the piezo generator 2, at the output terminals of which an electromotive force appears. After the passage of the wave, the float 6 descends under the action of its own weight and the shield 7 is lifted, removing the pressure from the piezogenerator 2. At the approach of the next wave, the cycle repeats.

The voltage divider 10 is connected to the buses of piezo-generators 2. From the output, the alternating voltage is applied to the input of the analog-to-digital converter 11. The instantaneous voltage code is fed to the second input of the numerical comparator 15. The output of the pulse counter 12 on which the amplitude amplitude code . As long as the instantaneous voltage value code is larger than the code at the output of the pulse counter 12, there is an output signal LESSER of the numerical comparator 15 which prepares the AND gate 23 on the second input. From the pulse generator 27, the first input of the AND gate 23 receives pulses to the counter input of the pulse counter 12. The code at its output increases and when the codes at the inputs of the comparator 15 are equal, the AND gate 23 is closed, pulses to the counter 12 do not arrive until the code on The output of the A / D converter 11 is increased. This process continues until the amplitude value of the instantaneous voltage is reached. After the instantaneous value of the voltage becomes less than the amplitude value, the code at the output of the counter 12 becomes larger than the code at the output of the analog-to-digital converter 11, and the output signal MORE of the comparator 15 appears. On the front of this signal, the differentiator 19 outputs a pulse to the write input of the memory register 18, Where the voltage amplitude code is input from the output of the pulse counter 12. Simultaneously pulses from the differentiator 19 flip-flop 26 is put in a zero state and the AND gate 23 is closed at the third input. By the same signal, the voltage amplitude code is output from the output of the memory register 18. This code is fed to the first input of the comparator 16, and its second input receives an instantaneous voltage code that is smaller at the given time of the amplitude value of the voltage, Output MORE comparator 16. With this signal, the AND gate 22, prepared on the third input by a signal from the inverse output of flip-flop 26, is prepared at the second input and pulses are sent from the generator 27 to the subtracting input of the reversing counter 13. The code at its output decreases. This process continues until the instantaneous value of the voltage reaches a minimum, after which the code at the second input of the comparator 16 becomes larger than at the first input and a signal appears at the output of the LESSER of the comparator 16. This signal is differentiated by the differentiator 20 and goes to the single output of the flip-flop 26, Which changes its state and prepares by the third input the logic element AND 23. Simultaneously pulses from the differentiator 20 the counter of pulses 20 is translated into the zero state. The code at the first input of the comparator 15 becomes less than the instantaneous voltage code and the process of measuring the amplitude of the next voltage wave begins, the code of which is written to the memory register 18. This code is fed to the second input of the comparator 17, the first input of which from the output of the master register 21 is a code of a specified amplitude Voltage.

If the current amplitude of the output voltage is less than the specified one, then an output signal MORE than the comparator 17 appears, this signal is prepared at the first input by an AND gate 25 through which, after generating the voltage amplitude code from the differentiator 19, a pulse passes to the summing input of the reversing counter 14. An output signal Its first rank. In this case, a control signal is sent to the electronic sectional key 9 1 of the first section of the piezo generator. At the same time, a low level is sent to the shunt electronic key, 8 1, which is closed via the NOT element 23 1. In this case, the first section of the piezo generator 2 is connected to the output terminals.

Based on the results of the second voltage amplitude measurement cycle, the second section of the piezo generator 2, which has a higher voltage per stage, will be put into operation. The remaining sections of the piezo generator will be disabled.

Based on the results of the third voltage amplitude measurement cycle, the first section of the piezo-generator 2 will be put into operation. In this case, sectional keys 9 1, 9 2 will be switched on, and shunting 8 1, 8 2 will be turned off.

As a result, the voltage increases by one step each time. This process will continue until the voltage amplitude reaches the preset value, after which the AND gate 25 closes at the first input.

If the amplitude of the voltage increases and becomes larger than the preset one, then an output signal LESSER of the comparator 17 appears, which prepares the AND element 24 at the first input. After the next voltage amplitude code is generated from the differentiator 19, a logic pulse AND 24 receives a pulse at the subtracting input of the reversing counter 14 and As a result of switching sections, the voltage at the terminals of the piezo-generator 2 is reduced by one step.

Then, if the wave parameters or the load value are changed at the terminals of the piezo generator, the specified voltage will be maintained by means of the corresponding commutation of the sections of the piezo generator.

By expanding the range of pressure variation acting on the piezo generator, the invention makes it possible to increase its efficiency by a factor of 2 5. The proposed wave power station makes it possible to produce any given voltage with a high accuracy of its regulation, which is determined by the difference in the applied element base and, at eight bits, makes it possible to provide a control error of not more than 0.004. The speed is determined by the frequency of the generator. At a generator pulse frequency of 18-20 kHz and eight-digit circuit elements, setting the output voltage from zero to nominal can be performed at 1.25 × 10 ^-3 s. With an increase in the number of digits and the speed of the generator, the accuracy can be increased. To increase the power of the station and the stability of the generated voltage, the wave section may contain several units installed side by side and operating at a common load.

CLAIM

1. A wave hydroelectric power plant comprising a support with piezoelectric generators fixed to it, a float kinematically connected to a pressure shield located above the piezoelectric generators, characterized in that the support is located on the shore or platform, there are posts with axes on it, the kinematic connection of the float is made in the form of a different beam Lever mounted on the axes, the float is attached to the larger arm, and the presser shield to the smaller, while the piezoelectric generator is recruited from the stacked sections separated by dielectric spacers, each section is made of a piezo film placed between the upper and lower substrates, the thickness of the piezo film in Section is adopted in accordance with expression

I = ₁ · 2 ^i-1 ,

Where ₁ the thickness of the piezo film of the first upper section;

₂ thickness of the piezo film of the i-th section.

2. The wave power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the output terminal of one polarity is connected through N consecutive shunt keys with an output terminal of a different polarity, and the upper substrate of the i-th section is connected to the input of the shunt key of the i-th section through the i-th Sectional electronic key, in addition, the lower substrate is connected to the output of the shunt key of the i-th section, the control electrode of which is connected through the i-th logic element to the corresponding output of the second reversing counter connected by the corresponding outputs to the control electrodes of the corresponding sectional keys, and the summing input c Output of the fourth AND gate, the first input of which is connected to the "More" output of the third numerical comparator associated with the "Less" output with the first input of the third AND gate, the bits of the first input with the corresponding bits of the output of the master register, and the bits of the second input with the corresponding output bits The memory register and the inputs of the original number of the first reversing counter whose input entry of the original number is connected to the write input of the memory register, the second inputs of the third and fourth AND gates, the reset trigger input and the output of the first differentiator, whose input is connected to the "More" output of the first numerical comparator , Connected by the bits of the first input with the corresponding bits of the counter output and the input of the memory register, the bits of the second input with the corresponding digits of the output of the analog-to-digital converter and the second input of the numerical comparator, the "Less" output with the second input of the second AND gate whose output is connected to the counting input The reset input of which is connected to a single input of the trigger, the reset input of the second reverse counter, the Reset bus and the output of the second differentiator whose input is connected to the output "Less" of the second numerical comparator associated with the bits of the first input with the corresponding output bits of the first reverse counter , And the output "More" with the second input of the first AND gate connected to the subtracting input of the first reversing counter, the first input to the output of the stable pulse generator and the first input of the second AND gate, the third to the inverse output of the trigger, the single output of which is connected to the third Input of the second AND gate, in addition to the output terminals of the generator, a voltage divider is connected, the slider of which is connected to the input of the analog-to-digital converter, and the output of the third AND gate with the subtracting input of the second reverse counter.

print version
Date of publication 13.01.2007gg

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