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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2150021
METHOD OF ENERGY RECYCLING OF RENEWABLE SOURCES (OPTIONS) AND POWER STATION MODULE TO MEGAVATT FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
The name of the inventor: Alexander Rusetsky
The name of the patent owner: Rusetskiy Alexander Nikolaevich
Address for correspondence: 117036, Moscow, ul. Dmitry Ulyanov 30-12, Rusetsky Alexander Nikolaevich
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.05.31
The method of recycling of renewable sources and the module of the power station is designed to convert the energy of wind waves of reservoirs. On the water surface of the components, a rigid volumetric frame is assembled in the form of the same type of modules, many floats are set in several rows both along and perpendicular to the working shaft with single-sided rotation clutches for each float and the floats are connected with the couplings by flexible bonds. Secondary shafts of transmission mechanisms of different modules are connected by cardan gears. The area of the power station, the parameters and the number of floats are determined by the derived formula, depending on the design capacity. Use floats of two optimal forms for two variants of suspension - on a two-arm lever and on a vertical section of a connection closed through 4 pulleys. On a skeleton place wind generators, converters of solar energy, industrial and inhabited constructions. The utilized energy of waves and wind in the form of mechanical energy of a rotating shaft through clutch mechanisms, transfer boxes, etc. Are used for driving electric generators, pumps, vacuum distillation units, desalination plants for reverse osmosis, mills, etc. Primary electricity with unstable parameters is used for heating the steam, charging the batteries, and for operating the cell and generating hydrogen, it is stored in tanks and used for operation An internal combustion engine for driving another generator with parameter stabilization via feedback. Pumps seawater are pumped to reservoirs above sea level and used to operate a hydroelectric power plant on the principle of a pumped storage power plant. The power station is mounted on a hinged support, or on piles, or on pontoons with the possibility of adjusting the height of the frame location relative to the water level, equipped with water wheels for maneuvering. The invention allows to increase the efficiency and power with high reliability of operation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The group of inventions refers to the "small energy", mainly to the hydro-wave, to the expansion, development and improvement of technical means and methods of effective use, that is, "utilization or use with advantage" (see the Soviet Encycl. Soviet Encycl., M., 1980, pp. 1403) of ecologically clean renewable energy sources - sea and ocean waves, wind and sun.
There are known methods of using these sources with the help of wind turbines, solar batteries (see ibid., Pp. 218 and p. 1250), and wave energy installations (for example, US Patent No. 5,359,229, cl. 290-53, 1994). The shortcomings of wind power installations include noise, low power and instability, solar power plants occupy large areas and are unstable. Wave installations favorably differ in that they do not occupy expensive plots of land in densely populated areas, while at sea. However, after analyzing more than 1000 patents and inventor's certificates for inventions on this topic, it can be concluded that the energy of waves in these projects is used irrationally, spending it not only to perform useful work, but also to work on lifting the weight of the floats themselves. These losses are significant in assessing profitability, when it is required to obtain large capacities on the order of megawatt and installations should occupy areas of the order of ha and then the question of the metal capacity of the structure becomes one of the main issues. Significant and losses and scattering of energy waves on the submerged parts of the supports and floats, and at the same production costs, the output power of the installation will be higher if the scattering is less. The implementation in practice of well-known projects of wave power plants and, even more, bringing their capacities up to megawatts, is uneconomical due to their low efficiency and high costs of materials and means, and especially because of the need for expensive underwater construction and installation work or because of the need for Expensive boats, and in connection with low reliability due to excessive complexity and a lot of moving parts. Therefore, until now, wave installations have not been included in the category of practically used ones, and there are only a few prototypes around the world.
The closest analogue (prototype) of all variants of the "method" of the group of inventions is US Patent No. 4,495,424, 1985, Cl. 290-53, (F 03 B 13/12) - "Plant for Utilization of Wind and Waves". Although the object of this patent is a device, the description briefly lists some very promising ideas containing the signs of a "method", the use of floating platforms with wind and wave power plants for the utilization of wind and waves for a number of production purposes, for example, for desalinization of sea water, and for Obtaining and storing hydrogen, in particular for feeding engines running on hydrogen. The emphasis is on the original wind power plant, and the wave installation described here has the drawbacks listed above. So, it is proposed to use floats on pendulum arms for driving hydraulic pumps for the rotation of the hydrogenerator - here there are complex long lines for sea water, and a lot of piston pumps - for each float, and a bulky costly tank vessel of the tanker type. To implement this project is very expensive because of the need to manufacture corrosion-resistant highways and a variety of pumps for sea water, not to mention the cost of a tanker-type vessel.
Analogues of the devices used in all the claimed inventions of the group can be recognized as the patent of France No. 2339071, 1977, cl. F 03 B 13/12, patent of the Russian Federation No. 2049927, 1995, cl. F 03 B 13/18 and aut. St. USSR No. 1596125, 1990, cl. F 03 B 13/12. In the first variant of the claimed "method," in a particular case, a device similar to that described in the author is used. St. USSR N 1617182, 1990, cl. F 03 B 13/12. Common with the claimed are such features as the presence of supports, floats, flexible connections, power take-off shafts with single-ended clutches. The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed device can be considered US Patent No. 3911287, 1975, Cl. 290-53 (F 03 B 13/12). The drawbacks of the prototype and analogues include the use of heavy floats, since the weight of the float itself is used to accomplish the work when the wave falls. In addition, the unnecessarily complicated structure of the suspension of floats and connections makes it difficult to use dozens of floats in a large area with a drive per shaft, which is necessary to obtain significant power. These solutions and can not be considered cost-effective and capable of solving serious energy supply problems - this is both complex metal-intensive kinematics and the use, in the prototype, of a chain as a flexible connection that contacts seawater and therefore has a short service life.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The task of this group of inventions is to generate energy from renewable sources, primarily from sea waves, increase efficiency and capacity, to megawatts, and reliability of wave power plants, and to build on their simple and inexpensive modular power stations using, And the energy of solar radiation and wind and the creation on this basis of various industries and residential complexes that use not only electricity, but also the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft.
A common technical result when implementing all the inventions of this group, in the volume of their independent items, is the generation of useful energy from sea or ocean waves, that is, utilization (use with advantage) of their energy, which is converted into energy of rotation of the power takeoff shaft of the power station , Consisting of the same modules. In this case, according to the author, higher efficiency is achieved in comparison with analogues, and the useful power, which can be taken from the specified shaft for disposal to the consumer, can be megawatts and this is of industrial importance. Thus, the invention solves the task posed.
The invention is illustrated by a graphic material, wherein
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FIG. 1 - unit of a wave device with a float suspension on a two-arm lever;
FIG. 2 - installation node with communication through the unit;
FIG. 3 is a side view of an installation with a suspension of several floats on double-armed levers in the form of a pulley segment;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 3 with floats in several rows (2 rows are shown);
FIG. 5 is a side view of a wave installation with suspension of floats on closed connections;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 - a side view of the shore version of the installation location with a suspension of floats on two-arm levers;
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 - a side view of the floating version of the installation with a suspension of floats on two-arm levers.
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FIG. 10 is a diagram of a power station with possible variants of its structure and different ways of utilizing the energy of waves and wind energy. FIG. 11 is a side view of the float of the most effective form for the installation shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 12 - one-way rotation coupling on the shaft by the type of the ratchet mechanism, with fastening of the connection on the drum; |
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The essence of the invention and the set of distinctive features combining a group of inventions, variants of the proposed method for recycling renewable energy sources, and the claimed device, consists in converting the energy of sea and ocean waves as the main source by means of a plurality of floats 1 (Figures 1 to 9), Installed in modular (i.e., single-type) cells transparent for the passage of waves of a rigid volumetric power frame, flexible bonds 2, in particular cases, steel or kapron cables or chains, and 14 single-sided rotation couplings with drums 13, , Up to 500 rpm, the rotating shaft 3 of the power take-off and then in connection to this shaft through the transfer mechanisms 4 containing the clutch mechanisms, transfer boxes, transmissions and adapters, various energy consumers using the shaft torque for their work. Each float 1 has its own clutch 14, one or several, which, in special cases, are pulled together by means of pins into packets. As consumers use electric generators 5, various pumps, desalination plants based on them, for example vacuum distillation units and reverse osmosis systems with high pressure pumps 50-150 atm, mills, crushers, etc. (Fig. 10). In particular cases, on the frame of a power plant that can occupy an area of 1-100 hectares or more on the water surface, both wind turbines and solar energy converters are installed that supplement each other and are used depending on the weather conditions. In order to obtain total capacities from several power station modules, in particular cases with the help of cardan gears, or with the help of connecting couplings, the secondary shafts 55 (or the shafts of the third and the next gear stages) are connected, driven from the power take-off shafts 3 of different modules. This allows to reduce the metal capacity of the installation.
Power stations are installed ashore on a hinged support 47 (Figure 7), either on piles or floated by unsinkable pontoons 6 and 48 (Figure 9), while the minimum dimensions of the power plant frame, in order to avoid overturning and flooding by the wave, should Be a length and width of not less than 3, and height - not less than 1.1 times the maximum wave height, characteristic for the water area of operation. Pontoons 6 and 48 are made in elongated shape, for example from steel pipes with welded ends, they are placed either horizontally under water at a depth of 0.1-10 m, or in an upright position, with adjustable partial immersion. The latter are immersed by force to a certain depth and thus regulate the position of the waterline, i.e., the height of the platform relative to the water level. Then the vertical pontoons 6 are fixed with respect to the frame, with a lock, since this is a very important node. In particular, vertical pontoons 6 are made up of cylinders of different diameters - small (in comparison with the size of floats 1) in the near-surface water layer 1-10 m thick, and large diameter - at a greater depth (Fig. 9). This form of pontoons 6, as the supporting component of the framework, is preferable to increase the transparency of the framework for transmitted waves, i.e., to reduce their impact on the waves, causing losses and scattering of their energy. This is most optimal, since the support of the carcass in general without pontoons 6 and 48, although more advantageous in terms of reducing energy losses, is unlikely (except with balloons or airships, but this is too difficult to do because of wind loads) . Horizontal pontoons 48 are placed under water at a depth of 1-10 m with the help of racks, and their total displacement is made equal to the accuracy of 50% of the sum of their weights and platform. The position of the waterline is also regulated by filling the ballast tanks with water on the platform.
To prevent flooding of the installation due to holes and leaks, in particular cases, the internal volumes of floats 1 and pontoons 6 and 48 are filled with moisture-proof waterproof porous gas-filled synthetic materials, for example, foams or polyurethane foams. The total volume of all pontoons 6 and 48, in cubic meters, makes 1.1-5 times the weight of the entire platform, in tons, where the pontoons 6 are distributed over the platform area in such a way that they are not in the path of waves running on the floats 1, And the distance between vertical pontoons 6 in the upper layer of water 1-10 m thick is 3-5000 times more than their transverse dimensions. The total volume of all floats 1, in cubic meters, is equal to 0.5-3.0 of the total weight, in tons, of the entire platform with equipment and people. Floating power stations can be so-called floating islands with production and residential buildings, they are equipped with anchors with winches and water wheels, for example on the periphery of the platform frame, for moving it and maneuvering, driven by its own power take-off shaft 3.
In view of the volatility of the waves, wind, or solar radiation, the problem arises of stabilizing the output parameters of the power plant. To do this, an intermediate product with potential energy is stored, and then an electric generator is rotated by means of a corresponding motor, the speed of rotation, and the output voltage of which is stabilized by means of a feedback unit controlling the supply of said product for power supply to the engine. Such a product may be, for example, hydrogen, which is obtained by electrolysis cells after the primary conversion of the energy of the rotating shaft into electricity with unstable parameters that are unsuitable for ordinary consumers but suitable for the operation of electrolyzers. In a particular case, the primary electric power is obtained with the help of a high-frequency electric generator 5 when it rotates at a speed of 7000-25000 rpm with the aid of a boosting transfer box and is used for inductor heating of water and production of high-pressure steam in a steam boiler. In other particular cases, compressed air is used as such an energy carrier, which is pumped into high pressure reservoirs by pumps or water in a reservoir built at a height, for example, more than 10 m above sea level, which is pumped into the reservoir from the sea by hydraulic pumps. These energy carriers are then used to drive steam, gas and hydraulic turbines, respectively, with stabilization of the output parameters by regulating the supply of energy carriers to the turbine blades by means of a feedback unit. Other high-potential energy carriers, for example calcium carbide, can also be obtained to obtain acetylene.
The claimed device and its design features in the scope of the independent claim can be briefly described as follows: on the support in the form of a rigid volumetric power frame, transparent to the waves, a power take-off shaft 3, couplings 14 of one-sided rotation, a plurality of floats 1 on the lower Shoulders of two-arm levers, and the length of the arms is not less than the maximum amplitude of the waves, characteristic for operating conditions. A flexible connection 2 is attached to the second arm 40, several times rotating around the drum 13 on the one-way clutch 14 on the power take-off shaft 3 (Figure 12), after a part of the revolutions around the drum 13, the connection 2 is fixed to the drum 13, and to the free end of the connection 2 The load 12 is suspended. The weight of the load 12 is experimentally minimized, but such that when the float 1 is lowered and there is no tension of the connection 2 on the side of the lever 40 with the float 1, the torque of the load 12 was sufficient to overcome the internal resistance (friction) of the clutch 14 and rotate it relative to Shaft 3 to the side of the load 12. Under the word "module" it should be borne in mind that the design of the power plant is made in the form of typical blocks that are joined together, which can be either integral, welded from steel rolled metal, or demountable, Accessories. The indication that the power plant is a megawatt capacity is given to highlight its capabilities in relation to known wave installations, which, in the author's opinion, are not capable of providing a mega-watt power efficiently. Particular cases of the device execution are described above, and further on in the description of all the inventions of the group.
One of the essential groups of distinctive features of all variants of the method and device is that the weights of the floats 1 are counterbalanced by the weights of the counterweights in the float suspension systems: either by balancing the cargo 7 of the double-armed lever with the float 1 (Figures 1-4, 7-9) By means of a load 8 which is attached to the closed flexible connection 2 (Figures 5-6), thrown through 4 pulleys 21 installed in the corners of an imaginary rectangle of the ABCD type, for each of the reels 13 of the couplings 14 on the shaft 3.
After the power plant is assembled, in the absence of waves, the depth of immersion of floats 1 within 0.0001-0.5 of their volume is regulated, this is achieved with the help of the specified loads, but the balancing of the floats 1, experimentally, is made incomplete so that the floats 1 do not hang in The upper point, and dropped after the fall of the wave under the effect of a preponderance of 0.1-100 s. Balancing is convenient for maintenance and repair, because Allows manually, for example with the help of mounts or crowbars, to stop very massive floats 1, for example, up to 10-30 cubic meters in volume, at the upper points of the vibration amplitude and fix them, thus stopping the rotation of shaft 3. The shaft is stopped and by fixing at the top point Of the tension load 12 of the link 2 in the suspension circuit shown in FIG. 1-4; And Fig. 7-9, or by fixing, in the lower points, the amplitude of the oscillations of the loads 8 during the operation of the apparatus depicted in FIG. 5-6.
In particular cases of the claimed and variants of the methods and devices for accelerating the lowering of the floats 1, the containers 9 with the apertures 10 are attached to the lower part of them, and the flexible elements 11 in the form of freely loosely absorbing materials, for example ropes, threads, sponges (Fig. ) - when floats 1 are in water their weight and extinguishing effect on the wave are almost invisible, and when lifting floats 1 over water they weigh enough to quickly dip the float 1 into the water. When the floats 1 are immersed, the said containers 9 are filled with water and, when the floats are raised above the water, they are emptied through the holes 10 in 1-100 s, which facilitates the rapid descent of the floats 1 after the falling wave.
An essential feature of all the claimed inventions is that only the work of the resulting buoyant Archimedean F A and the head force of the hydrodynamic head F h acting on the floats on the wave side (see Figures 1-3) are transformed into a useful work. These forces can amount to tens of tons and they are obviously much larger in size than the actual weights of real floats 1 and therefore the gain in obtaining higher powers compared to work due to the lowering of floats 1 is obvious (one can, of course, make heavy floats 1, but they will rise very weakly by the wave).
Another important group of essential distinctive features common to all inventions of the group is the simplification of kinematics and the increase in its reliability through the use of a drum 13 on a one-way clutch 14 with link 2 fixed at midpoint 15 (for example, with a bolt) after a part of its revolutions around The drum 13 (Figure 12). As a one-way clutch, it is most convenient to use clutches 14 with a ratchet mechanism, and the number of pawls 16, their dimensions and corresponding teeth 17, must provide a margin of safety corresponding to the tension of flexible bonds 2 to values of the order of tens of tons. In practice, the values of ultimate strengths should be, in tonnes, not less than half the volume of the corresponding floats 1, in cubic meters. Power clutches 14 with ratchet mechanisms and drums 13 are installed on the power take-off shaft 3 on the splines 18, or on a rectangular landing in the case of a shaft of rectangular cross section, tightly one to the other, so that their number on one running meter of the shaft is as high as possible - 15 couplings 14, which for removal of backlashes are tightened into a single package with the help of studs with nuts. Accordingly, on one meter of the power take-off shaft 3, the force pulses from 10-15 floats 1 are assembled at the same time, which are mounted along the shaft 3, several rows, one or both sides of the shaft 3, and one or more rows, Perpendicular to the shaft 3, or at an angle to it (Figures 3-9). As a result, acting "unintentionally", asynchronously, a multitude of impurities from tens and hundreds of floats merge into one constant torque of the power take-off shaft 3, with any, theoretically, specified power. The power take-off shaft 3 and, like the rotation shafts of the floats 1 on the two-arm arms, rotate in the sliding or rolling bearings 19. For more uniform rotation of the shaft 3, a flywheel 44 is used. The gear 43 is made as large as possible, for example 2-6 meters or more. Since such large gear wheels can only be manufactured at single heavy engineering plants, they are very expensive and difficult to transport, these wheels and wheels can be manufactured locally, for example, by welding from rolled metal, the teeth 51 (Figure 13) being made From pieces of steel bars or cylinders with a diameter of 10-100 mm, which are coaxially welded to the rim of the wheel (from a square rod) with increased welding due to welding and coaxially additional rods of a smaller diameter 4-8 times.
In particular cases, the amplitude of movement of the floats 1 is limited by stops using springs and rubber. In particular cases of the declared variants of the method and device use a special, most optimal form of floats, which together should occupy as much as possible the most part, actually 0.1-0.9, of the water surface occupied by the power plant. Calculation shows that in order to achieve the greatest efficiency, it is necessary to make a flat bottom surface of the floats 1, which in the absence of waves should be parallel to the water surface and the float is immersed minimally. Floats 1 with a height of 0.1 to 2 characteristic waveforms for operation are used.
Thus, in special cases, floats 1 of a cylindrical shape are used with a horizontal generatrix (Figures 3-4). The floats 1 are mounted on one of the arms of the two-arm lever 40, the float arms 40 are balanced by the weights 7, the flexible link 2 is engaged by the other lever arm 40, by the end of the link 2, after it is wrapped around it, a load 12 is hung around it for pulling it with a sag More than 0.005-0.5 m. The number of turns of communication around the drum 13 before and after the fixing point thereof is selected such that the length of the wound bond 2 to the fixing point is not less than half the maximum amplitude of the arm movement of the lever 40 opposite the float 1. The weight of the load 12 is selected Sufficient to overcome the resistance of the internal friction of the clutch 14 to the shaft 3 and to ensure its rotation relative to the shaft 3 in the direction of the action of the force moment on the load side 12, when the force moment from the lever 40 side with the float 1 is close to zero when the wave decays. The cargo 12 is placed, for example, on a guide 45, which can be either a hollow tube (cargo inside it), or a rail or any tube in case the load covers this rail and slides freely over it. Levers 40 with floats 1 are rotatably mounted in a vertical plane in coaxial bearings 19 mounted on the frame (in Figures 1-4 the frame is not shown), in the absence of waves, the bearings 19 are above the water surface, the axis of rotation OO of the lever 40 is parallel to the shaft 3 and is located at a distance of 0.1-8 meters from the surface of the water at the appropriate dimensions of the floats 1.
The generator of the cylinder of the float 1 is parallel to the axis of rotation of the lever OO, and the section of the float perpendicular to this axis has the form of a circular section cut off at the bottom of the circular sector (figure 1, c), bounded from one side, in the absence of waves, , A plane perpendicular to the cut line. This side of the float is provided with a blade 42 in the form of a bucket or shovel and the float 1 is oriented with the working side of the bucket / shovel to the front of the incoming waves. Floats of this form are, in fact, one of the shoulders of a two-arm lever. In the absence of waves, the distance from the rotation axis OO of the lever to the water surface is set such that the lower cut line of said sector of the cross section of the float is horizontal to an accuracy of 30 degrees.
Along one shaft, an arbitrary number of floats of 3 or more rows are placed, and the engagement point of the connection 2 to the lever 40 of the float 1 is made in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft 3 and intersecting the corresponding drum 13 on the sleeve 14, which the link 2 goes around.
In a particular case, the second arm 40 of the double-arm, opposite the float 1, is made in the form of a segment 41 (FIG. 3) of a coaxial pulley lever 40, flexed around it by a flexible link 2, and this connection 2 is rigidly fixed, for example at the far point of the segment with respect to the shaft 3, i.e. In the extreme left-hand point of FIG. 3.
In another particular case, the flexible connection 2 of the float 1 with the power take-off shaft 3 is made closed, in the form of a rectangle ABCD (Fig.5-6), whose plane is perpendicular to the shaft 3, and in the corners of the rectangle ABCD there are pulleys 21 mounted on the frame Figures are not shown), wherein the sides of the rectangle are vertical and a float 1 is attached to one of them, and a counterweight weight 8 is attached to the opposite one. The shaft 3 is placed above the water level at the level of the upper horizontal part of the connection 2. The floats 1 are made in the form of a circular cylinder with a vertical generatrix (Figure 11), a wave-reflecting skirt 9 is attached to the bottom of the float 1 in the form of a lateral surface of a truncated cone with a vertical axis of rotation, Adjacent to the base of the float and expanding upward, having openings 10 in the shell above the line of contact to the base. Such a shape of the skirt 9 creates an additional lift as the component of the hydrodynamic head force when the wave hits. The upper part of the skirt with the holes 10 forms a reservoir of the type of a colander, which facilitates the lowering of the float after the fall of the wave. The weight of the counterweight 8 is selected such that, in the absence of waves, the flat base of the float 1 is immersed by 0.001-0.02 m, although a larger immersion is permissible, but then the efficiency of the installation will be lower. The lower pulleys 21 of the connection 2 are under water, and the distance from the upper and lower pulleys 21 to the surface of the water in the absence of waves makes the same and not less than half the maximum amplitude of waves characteristic of the water area of the intended operation.
It should also be noted that connection 2 in the case of the lever suspension system of the float 1 (Figures 1-4) may not necessarily be made from a single piece of cable or chain. Эта связь 2 может быть составной и это даже более рентабельно, а именно: от поплавка 1 до точки закрепления на барабане 13 связь 2 может быть выполнена из толстого троса диаметром, например, 16-50 мм и далее толстый трос может быть обрезан, а к грузу 12 натяжения от барабана 13 может быть проведен уже другой трос диаметром, например, 6-12 мм, который закрепляют на барабане 13 независимо от толстого троса. Дело в том, что выталкивающие силы, действующие на поплавки 1, могут составлять тонны и десятки тонн, а вес грузов 12 натяжения связи 2 составляет, например, всего лишь 20-200 кГ. Поэтому использование связи 2 из тросов разных диаметров позволяет уменьшить ширину барабанов 13 и тем самым увеличить количество муфт 14 на валу 3 отбора мощности на единице его длины, и, следовательно, увеличить количество поплавков и повысить получаемую мощность на валу 3.
Аналогично, в случае замкнутой связи 2 последняя и может быть выполнена составной: толстый силовой трос проводят от поплавка 1 к валу 3 через блоки CDB, а тонкий - от поплавка 1 к валу 3 через блок А (фиг. 6).
Существенным отличительным признаком, общим для всех изобретений группы, является наличие оценочных формул, позволяющих при проектировании и создании волновой энергостанции оценить максимально достижимую мощность ее в зависимости от площади, занимаемой энергостанцией, а и от количества и размеров поплавков 1, выбор которых делают в зависимости от высоты и длины волн, характерных для акватории предполагаемой эксплуатации в соответствии с выражением: 
где N - требуемая мощность энергостанции для утилизации энергии волн;
S 0 - суммарная площадь сечений поплавков 1 поверхностью спокойной воды; 
- плотность воды;
g 1 - ускорение свободного падения;
h - высота волны;
T - период волны;
S - площадь сечения одного поплавка 1 поверхностью воды в отсутствие волн;
n - количество поплавков 1, если они одинаковые по размерам.
Размеры сечений поплавков 1 поверхностью спокойной воды делают не более 0,1-0,25 от длины волн, а высоту поплавков 1 делают в пределах 0,1-2,0 от высоты волн.
Another group of features characteristic of the whole group of inventions is that the frame of a power plant is assembled from elements made with the use of rolled metal, it is best to use steel pipes of rectangular cross-section with a side of 0.04-0.5 m, although pipes Up to 2 m in diameter. This allows fabrication of frame elements, for example in a factory, and then transport typical components and collect power plants directly in places of intended use by simply connecting elements with bolts and nuts. This technology significantly reduces the cost of installation. The ends of the pipes are hermetically welded, through holes are made through holes, into which the lengths of the round pipe (pipe axis mutually perpendicular) are hermetically welded with an internal diameter of 10-100 mm for fixing bolts. Welding points are flush with the surface. In this way, the elements of the carcass-beams are obtained, with positive buoyancy. For reliability, the internal volumes of the beams are filled with porous synthetic materials such as foams or polyurethane foams through openings with hermetically sealed plugs that cut into the pipe wall. Thus, a floating installation becomes unsinkable. The assembly begins directly on the water, first placing the floating longitudinal pipes-pontoons 48 (Figure 9) and fixing them with bolts and nuts transversal and floating, beams, then install the horizontal elements of the carcass, not necessarily with positive buoyancy, then Vertical posts 49, having fixed them with horizontal beams on different levels, and having fastened for rigidity by diagonal elements in vertical planes. By adding elements, the overall dimensions of the module frame in the horizontal plane are increased from 1 to 3000 m and more, since there are no restrictions on dimensions except reasonable limits. The power plant can include from 1 to 10,000 or more rigid three-dimensional skeleton modules (or modular cells, which is the same) with an area of 20-5000 square meters. M and more, and in one module can be installed as one, and several floats 1 in 3 or more rows along the shaft 3. The most cost-effective rectangular shape of the frame modules with the sizes of floats 1 and the corresponding frame cells from 2 to 20 m, depending From the height of the waves characteristic for the operating conditions.
The frame is installed either on piles or on the shore on reinforced concrete blocks 46 and hinges 47 with a horizontal axis of rotation above the water level (Figure 7), either on floating supports or suspended on ropes. In the case of the structures depicted in FIG. 1-4 and 7-9, floats 1 are installed, for example, using cranes after the installation of the corresponding horizontal beams. For floating installations, the height of the frame position with respect to the water level is regulated by partial immersion to the required depth of the control pontoons 6 (Figure 9), which have the possibility of vertical displacements in the guides and must be securely fixed, with locking. The position of the frame of the shore installations is regulated by the weight 45 (Figure 7), the weight of which can be changed, or the load 45 can be moved on the guides, changing the length of the shoulder; Position and can be adjusted using vertical pontoons 6, not shown in this figure, in analogy to FIG. 9. All variants of installations, if necessary, are equipped with a deck 50 on posts 49, on which wind turbines, solar energy converters, and industrial and residential buildings are placed. The gears 43, the shaft 3, the transfer mechanisms 4 and the generators 44 are covered with waterproof protective covers; For safety, all moving parts from all sides, including the bottom, are closed with a capron, or a metal mesh, or gratings.
The essentiality of the rigid, forceful execution of the frame is due to the fact that the tension forces of the flexible bonds 2 can reach tens of tons, and at a parallel connection density of 2 to 10 to 15 pieces per linear meter of the length of the shaft 3 of the power take-off, the compression forces of the carcass can reach hundreds of tons. The shaft 3 and its supporting bearings 19 are also very loaded with the tension of the bonds 2, so at a high density they are made to unload the shaft 3 by either installing the floats 1 on both sides of the shaft 3 equally; The variants shown in FIG. 1 and 2, or link 54 (Figure 12) from the float through additional pulleys, one (for example, pulley 20 in Figure 2) or several. Otherwise, shaft 3 should be too large, it will be too heavy and expensive. Thus, with a total one-way force on the part of flexible bonds of 2 order of 100 tons and a distance between the shaft bearing bearings equal to 2 m, the diameter of the solid shaft 3 of the grade 40 steel should be at least 0.6 m. Therefore, making this unloading of the shaft 3, Significantly reduce its diameter, which increases profitability. To increase the profitability, a shaft of 3 square sections of box-shaped, frame construction welded, for example, from steel corners, channels, or rectangular pipes, for example from square pipes 52 with a cross-section from 40х40 to 150х150 mm, with a wall of 3-10 mm (Fig. 13). The cross-section of the shaft can be 0,2х02 m to obtain powers of the order of kW, and more than 0,5х0,5 m to obtain capacities of the order of 100 kW and above. Such a shaft can rotate in sliding bearings, for example, of grade 40, in the form of thick-walled, nested rings 53 of a width of the order of 0.4-0.8 and wall thickness of 0.06-0.15 of the diameter of the ring. The pairs of rings can serve as intermediate supports of the shaft with its length, for example 2-40 m. One of them can be steelbabbit, or have liners made of soft metal. Rings 53 are attached to the frame of the installation and to the carcass of the shaft 3 by means of, for example, corners and bolts, the corners being screwed to the rings by bolts with conical heads; Lubrication is carried out continuously through the holes in the outer ring 53 under some pressure, or with the help of grease nipples.
Above, the essential distinctive features of all inventions of the group were set forth. The following are the characteristics that characterize the various "method" variants.
The second variant of the method differs from the first in that the energy of the renewable sources is used to generate, with the help of the generator 5, electricity that has unstable frequency and voltage characteristics due to wave instability. The generator 5 is driven from the power take-off shaft 3. Electricity is used to operate the cell and hydrogen is produced. In a particular case, the hydrogen produced is stored in tanks and then used to operate an internal combustion engine rotating another power generator whose output parameters are stabilized by a feedback unit controlling the supply of hydrogen to the internal combustion engine.
In a third variant of the process, the energy of the renewable sources is used to operate the vacuum distillation unit (FIG. 14), namely, for driving from the power take-off shaft 3 of the vacuum pump 22, for example the piston type, but also for driving at a speed of 0.1 to 100 Rpm of the shaft 26 of the evaporator drum 23, inside the evaporation chamber 25, with a highly developed evaporation surface, 0.5-1000 square meters. M, hygroscopic material, moistened and impregnated with sea water. The wetted surface is in a blowing stream of rarefied air at a speed of 0.5-5000 m / s, (shown by arrows) passing through the cylindrical channels 24 open from the ends, with walls of this material in a drum whose axis of rotation is horizontal, with deviations up to 30 degrees, and coaxial with the round tube 25 of the flash chamber. The heat of condensation is used to heat the evaporated liquid.
The air is sucked into the evaporation chamber via an adjustable seal of the drum shaft 26, enriched in moisture, and then sucked by a vacuum pump connected to the opposite, tapering end of the tube and then injected into the condenser coil 27 with a valve 28 at the end, with which an increased pressure is created in the coil . The evaporation chamber tube 25 has a branching downward with the water filling-drain valve 29 which is connected to the locking float 30 inside the chamber, forming a constant water level holding device that is supported below the axis of the tube 25. Inside of said branch, a condenser coil 27 is placed that is immersed in Desalinated water. The branch is connected by a water intake pipe 31 to a reservoir of desalinated water, for example directly to the sea. The distillate outlet is controlled and the optimum mode is found by rotating the threaded vent plug 32, the sealing drum 26 of the evaporation chamber by means of an elastic cuff 33, for example of silicone rubber, and a valve 28 at the outlet of the coil to create an increased condensing pressure compared to atmospheric pressure couple. The pump shaft is driven by a transfer mechanism 34 and a shaft 35. The coil 36 serves to trap droplets and sprays, acting on the principle of a cyclone filter. To improve the evaporation, the water in the pipe 25 is heated by the element 37 (using an electric heater, or heating with hot steam, etc.). To improve evaporation, an aerator 38 is used, for example, ceramic with fine pores, connected by a tube to the atmosphere through a control valve 39. Opening the valve, the effect of "pseudo-boiling" of the liquid is obtained due to the ascending flow of a plurality of air bubbles in the water inside which it evaporates. The brine is drained by increasing the pressure in the evaporation chamber by means of a valve 32 or an additional valve mounted on the pipe 25.
The pressure is controlled by a pressure gauge 51. It should be noted that for the drive of this distillation unit it is possible to use not only the above-described wave device, but also any other device containing a rotating shaft and having sufficient power. Such devices can be, in particular, wind motors, electric motors, including those working on solar panels, and internal combustion engines, etc.
INFORMATION CONFIRMING THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION.
Variants of the process are carried out, for example, as follows. Depending on the required capacity of the power plant, determine the required dimensions and number of floats according to the calculation formula 1. Thus, to obtain a power of 100 kW at a wave height of 1 m and a period of 6 seconds, the total area occupied by all floats 1 should be at least 240 square meters . M, which corresponds to 20 floats 1 of 3x4 m size for the installation shown in Fig. 3-4. With a float density of 1, equal to 0.5 of the plant area, the area of the entire power plant will be 480 square meters. M., Which corresponds, for example, to dimensions of 24x20 m. To obtain a capacity of 1 MW this area will amount to more than 5000 square meters. M., It can be installation with dimensions of 50-60 x 100 m, which is close to the size of the football field (the lack of direct proportionality is associated with the inevitable damping of the amplitude of the wave as it passes through the frame and floats of the installation). But there are many places in the oceans and seas where year-round excitement occurs with a much higher wave height than 1 m, for example, off the coast of India, on the west coast of Africa and South America, off the coast of Australia (PA Kaplin et al, "The Nature of the World, Shores," Mysl Publishing House, Moscow, 1991) and there installations of the same area will allow to receive 2-3 times more power, which can be enough for the energy supply of a small settlement. A rough estimate shows that for both cases, the mass of the power station, which is basically the mass of rolled metal, will be 60-70 and 600-1000 tons, respectively. In 1999 prices, the cost of carcass and float materials is 11-15 thousand dollars for a 100-kilowatt plant, and about 100-160 thousand dollars for a megawatt. These amounts are approximately equal to the cost of electricity produced by these installations for 1 year at an average wave height of 1 m, or for 0.5 years at a wave height of 2 m (based on prices in Moscow, and abroad, electricity prices are several times higher) .
The following components are delivered to the place of intended operation or to the place of assembly (in case of subsequent towing to the place of operation): horizontal 48 and vertical pontoons 6, horizontal, vertical and diagonal beams of the frame, floats 1, connection cables 2, fasteners, shaft 3, Transmission gears, various gears, gearboxes and power generators, deck elements and guards and guards. In the absence of waves with a height of more than 0.5 m, directly on the water, for example, in shallow water, manually and using cranes (up to 5-20 tons), the power plant frame is assembled, floats 1, shaft 3, one or more, Wheels, single-ended clutches (ratchets) and other gears, generators, deck elements, casings, and any additional equipment. Equilibrate the weights of the floats 1 with the corresponding weights 7 (Figures 1-4, 7-9) or 8 (Fig. 5). As cargoes it is possible to use metal containers-boxes filled with sand. From the floats 1, flexible connections 2 are drawn, according to the attached drawings, to the shaft 3 and suspensions 12 are suspended therefrom. Using the vertical pontoons 6 (Fig.9), by vertically moving them in the guides and fixing, adjust the height of the frame position relative to the water level and achieve the required position of the floats 1 - so that in the absence of waves the lower surface touches the surface of the water with its entire flat surface and Immersion of floats 1 was minimal.
In the event of a disturbance, floats 1 begin to oscillate and pull connections 2, causing the power take-off shaft 3 to rotate. During one wave period (4-20 s), each float 1 pulls the connection for 1.5-10 seconds during its rise and with a total number of floats 1 more than 4 to 5 pieces their total impact will cause a practically uniform rotation of the shaft 3, Provided that at least two floats 1 will oscillate in antiphase. For this, the dimensions of the installation must exceed the wavelength. Waste energy is utilized by connecting different consumers to the shaft 3, for example, according to the scheme of FIG. 10. As consumers, there may be devices that convert the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft into electrical energy, or devices operating directly from the rotating shaft. The latter include various pneumatic and hydraulic pumps, crushing machines, mills, etc.
Having placed on the frame wind generators and solar energy converters, they learn additional possibilities for energy supply to consumers, but also for accumulating energy in storage batteries, or for obtaining any products with potential energy, for example, calcium carbide. On a floating platform there can be, for example, a fish processing plant.
The second option is implemented and, but as the primary consumer of renewable energy sources, an electric generator 5 is used, a constant voltage is obtained and used to operate the cell and hydrogen gas (H 2 ) is obtained. Hydrogen is a high-potential energy source, it can be stored in tanks, liquefied, and then used as a high-performance fuel for a wide range of applications, for example, for the operation of environmentally friendly internal combustion engines, for the operation of a CHP plant and much more (when H 2 is burned, only water vapor is formed! ). To get 1 cu. M. Gaseous H 2 requires 4-6 kWh of electricity, and for its liquefaction - another 2-3 kWh. Thus, with the help of a power plant with an average daily capacity of 100 kW, 400-600 cubic meters of gaseous H 2 can be produced per day, and at a megawatt capacity it is 10 times larger, and this is already of industrial importance. In a particular case, H 2 is used to power an internal combustion engine that drives a second generator, the output parameters of which are stabilized in frequency and voltage by means of a feedback unit-like in similar diesel and gasoline power plants. Thus, they receive electricity with acceptable parameters for the usual consumer - 220/380 V, 50 Hz. In another particular case, as a result of electrolysis, both hydrogen and oxygen are produced, which are collected in tanks and used for welding and cutting metals, for example, for cutting and scrapping of failed marine vessels.
In the third variant of the method, the energy of the renewable sources is used, by means of the transfer mechanisms 34 (Fig. 14), to drive the vacuum pump 22 and to rotate the drum 23 of the vaporization chamber 25 of the distillation unit and thus obtain freshwater condensate from the marine. In a particular case, in order to increase the yield of the condensed water, an aerator 39 is used (to obtain the "pseudo-boiling" effect of the liquid), the body of the evaporation chamber is painted black and installed under the sun's rays, through an additional coil (not shown in FIG. 14), which is placed in The lower part of the lower branch of the chamber 25, the hydraulic pumps pump cold water from the sea depths. With the aid of heater 37, the evaporated water is heated in the upper part of said branch. By adjusting the purge rate and pressure in the chamber 25 by means of the valve 32, and using the valve 28 pressure in the heat exchanger-condenser, find the optimum mode for obtaining the maximum yield of the condensate. The quantitative data on its output are theoretically rather difficult to determine theoretically, and in practice they will be determined experimentally. This method does not contradict the well-known laws of physics and thermodynamics, but also the experience of similar known distillers. And the simplest confirmation of the effectiveness of this method are the well-known facts that wet laundry most quickly dries in the wind, evaporation (the same drying) occurs more quickly in a vacuum, and condensation accelerates with a decrease in temperature and an increase in vapor pressure. All these factors are combined in this method.
The device, i.e., the power station module consists of the following elements and assemblies: on the support in the form of a rigid volumetric power frame, transparent to the waves, a power take-off shaft 3, couplings 14 of one-sided rotation with drums 13, a plurality of floats 1 on the lower Shoulders of two-arm levers, and the length of the arms is not less than the maximum amplitude of the waves, characteristic for operating conditions. A flexible connection is attached to the second arm 40, several times rotating around the drum 13 on the one-way clutch 14 on the power take-off shaft 3 (Figure 12), after a part of the revolutions around the drum 13, the connection 2 is fixed to the drum 13 and suspended to the free end of the connection 2 Load 12 pulling it. The weight of the load 12 is selected from the condition that the drum 13 returns to its original position in the absence of tension on the side of the float 1, the length of the reel 2 wound to the drum 13 and before and after the fixing point of the link 2 is not less than half the maximum amplitude of the arm of the lever 40 opposite the float 1 along the shaft Power takeoff is placed an arbitrary number of floats 1 in 3 or more rows, the dimensions of the sections of the floats 1 by the surface of calm water are no more than 0.25 of the wavelength, and the height of the floats 1 is 0.1-2.0 of the height of waves characteristic for the operating conditions , The number and dimensions of the floats 1 are selected in accordance with the expressions:
Where N is the required power of the power plant for the utilization of wave energy;
S is the cross-sectional area of one float 1 by the surface of calm water;
S 0 is the total cross-sectional area of the floats 1 by the indicated water surface; - density of water;
G - acceleration of gravity;
H - wave height, characteristic for the water area of the proposed operation;
T is the period of the indicated wave;
N is the number of floats 1.
The word "module" should be borne in mind that the design of this device, i.e., the power plant, is made in the form of typical blocks that are joined together, which can be either integral, welded from steel rolled metal, or demountable, from standard Accessories.
In particular cases of execution the frame has the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and one of its sides is perpendicular to the shaft 3, the frame is made of elements using steel pipes and rolled metal, with anti-corrosion treatment and coating. Modules of the power plant are equally oriented among themselves and rigidly fastened with bolts and nuts into a single structure. The amplitudes of the movement of the floats 1 are limited by stops with elastic elements using springs and rubber. The load 12 provides the tension of the connection 2 with a sag of no more than 0.005-0.5 m, the load 12 is placed on the guide. Levers 40 with floats 1 are rotatable about an axis OO in a vertical plane in coaxial bearings 19 mounted on the frame, the axis OO is parallel to the shaft 3. The floats 1 have a cylindrical shape with a horizontal generatrix parallel to the axis OO and a section perpendicular to it in the form Cut at the bottom of the circular sector, limited to one side, in the absence of waves, vertical, with an accuracy of 30 degrees, a plane perpendicular, with an accuracy of 30 degrees, the cut line. This side of the float 1 is provided with a blade 42 in the form of a bucket or shovel, and the module is oriented by the working side of the bucket / shovel to the front of the incoming waves. In the absence of waves, the distance from the OO axis to the surface of the water is 0.1-8 mi, so that the line of cut of the sector mentioned is horizontal to an accuracy of 30 degrees. In the absence of waves, the immersion of the floats 1 is 0.0001-0.5 of their volume, the floats 1 are balanced together with the lever 40 by means of weights 7 of the counterweights. To the bottom of the floats 1 are attached containers 9 with apertures 10 that are filled with water when the float is submerged under water and emptied through these holes within 1-100 seconds after raising floats 1 above the water. To the base of the floats 1, flexible elements made of water absorbing materials are made in the form of numerous freely hanging ropes, or threads, or stripes of fabrics or sponges. Internal volumes of floats 1 are filled with moisture-proof porous gas-filled synthetic materials. The module has a power low-turn, up to 500 rpm, a power take-off shaft 3, including one made up of separate parts connected by couplings. The shaft 3 is equipped with transfer mechanisms 4, one or more, with adapters for connecting consumers. The engagement point of the connection 2 to the lever 40 of the float 1 is in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft 3 and intersecting the corresponding drum 2 of the drum 13 on the sleeve 14 which the link 2 is bending around. The values of the ultimate bond strengths 2, drum 13 and clutch 14, in tons, are greater than the values of half the volume of the float 1 connected with them, in cubic meters.
In order to obtain total capacities from different power station modules, in particular cases, the secondary shafts 55 driven from the power take-off shafts 3 of the different modules are connected via cardan gears or by means of connecting power couplings.
In special cases, the second arm 40 of the double-arm, opposite the float 1, has the shape of a segment 41 of a coaxial pulley lever, the flexible link 2 bends around it and is rigidly fixed.
The power station is located either offshore or afloat. In the latter case, the module is provided with horizontal 48 and vertical 6 pontoons forming, together with the skeleton, a floating platform whose length and width are more than 3 times, and the height is more than 1.1 times larger than the maximum wave height characteristic for the water area of the intended operation. Vertical pontoons 6 are partially immersed in water and fixed on guides in the frame of the module. The platform is equipped with anchors and winches, water wheels for maneuvering installed on the periphery of the platform are connected to the shaft 3 through gears, clutch mechanisms and gearboxes. Pontoons 6 and 48 have an elongated cylindrical shape, their internal volumes are filled with moisture-proof porous gas-filled synthetic materials, and the total volume of all pontoons 6 and 48, in cubic meters, is 1.1-5 times the weight of the entire platform, in tonnes. Vertical pontoons are distributed over the platform area in such a way that they are not in the path of waves running on the floats, and the distance between them in the upper layer of water 1-10 m thick is maintained at 3-5000 times the transverse dimensions of the pontoons. 6. The carcass piles submerged Into the water, welded from the ends and equipped with plugs-plugs, the pipes are filled with a moisture-proof porous gas-filled synthetic material.
If the power station is located on the shore, the support 46 is mounted on the ground and the module is fixed at the mid point on the support 46 by means of an axial hinge 47 with a horizontal axis of rotation above the water level. There is a balancing weight 45 for maintaining the module in the working position. To maintain a large-sized power plant in its working position, for example, more than 30 m from the support 46 to the water side, the modules are equipped with vertical 6 and horizontal 48 pontoons, as in the case of a floating platform.
In other particular cases, an electric generator 5 connected to an electrolyzer connected to storage tanks for hydrogen and oxygen is connected to the transmission mechanism 4. The hydrogen storage tank is connected to an internal combustion engine connected to a second electric generator equipped with a stabilization unit for the output parameters in frequency and voltage controlling the supply of hydrogen.
The device works in the following way: when there is disturbance, floats 1 begin to oscillate and pull connections 2, causing rotation of power takeoff shaft 3. During one wave period (4-20 s), each float 1 pulls the connection 2 for 1.5-10 seconds during its ascent and with a total number of floats 1 more than 4 to 5 pieces their total impact will cause a practically uniform rotation of the shaft 3 , Provided that at least two floats 1 will oscillate in antiphase. For this, the dimensions of the installation must exceed the wavelength. Waste energy is utilized by connecting different consumers to the shaft 3, for example, according to the scheme of FIG. 10. Having placed on the frame wind generators and solar energy converters, they receive additional opportunities for power supply to consumers, but also for accumulating energy in storage batteries, or for obtaining any products with potential energy, as described above.
CLAIM
1. A method for recovering energy from renewable sources by using floats that oscillate when the water surface rises up and down relative to the support, wherein the floats are connected by means of a transmission mechanism to a power take-off shaft that is rigidly mounted on the bearing support and mechanical energy from rotation is disposed of to the consumer , Characterized in that the support is a rigid, volumetric, transparent frame for waves, assembled from the elements to form modular cells for placing the floats, the number and dimensions of which are selected in accordance with the expressions 
S 0 = nS,
Where N is the required power of the power plant for the utilization of wave energy;
S is the cross-sectional area of one float by the surface of calm water;
S 0 is the total area of the float sections by the indicated water surface; - density of water;
G - acceleration of gravity;
H - wave height, characteristic for the water area of the proposed operation;
T is the period of the indicated wave;
N is the number of floats,
The dimensions of the float sections of the surface of calm water make no more than 0.25 of the wavelength typical for the water area of the proposed operation, and the height of the floats is performed within the limits of 0.1-2.0 of the characteristic wave height, with the help of counterweights adjust the depth of immersion Floats in calm water within 0.0001 - 0.5 of their volume and the time of descent from the upper point after the fall of the wave within the limits of 0.1 - 100 s.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy is utilized by connecting different consumers using the torque of the rotation shaft for their work, through adapters and transfer mechanisms to the power take-off shaft, one or several, which perform a rectangular cross-section of metal rolling by welding In the form of a low-speed power train of up to 500 vol. / Min of the shaft; Secondary, driven from the power take-off shafts, the shafts of the modular cells are connected by cardan gears, one-sided rotation couplings relative to the shaft, with the drums are installed on the shaft or power take-off shafts, the number of clutches being not less than the number of floats; The power take-off shaft is rotationally driven by a flexible connection that is conducted to the shaft from the floats directly or by means of a double-armed lever and wrapped around each corresponding float of the drum several times, and after a part of the revolutions, the coupling is fixed to the drum, and its free end is connected to a tensioning system , And in the absence of waves the length of the bonds wound on the drum and before and after the fixing point make at least half of the maximum amplitude of the reciprocal transfer of the bond; The total area occupied by floats on the water surface is maintained within 0.1-0.9 of the area of the water surface area occupied by the skeleton, the inner volumes of the floats are filled with moisture-proof porous gas-filled synthetic materials, containers with openings of such a cross section are attached to the bottom of the floats After filling with water when immersed, the container was emptied for 1-100 seconds after the floats were raised above the water, flexible elements from water absorbing materials were attached to the base of the floats in the form of a number of freely hanging ropes, or strings or strips of fabrics with the provision of a float- The amplitude of its movement is limited by stops using springs and rubber.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the skeleton is supported afloat by a plurality of horizontally and vertically arranged pontoons forming, together with the skeleton, a floating platform whose length and width are more than 3 times, and the height is more than 1,1 times more than the maximum wave height characteristic for the water area of the proposed operation, the total volume of all floats, in cubic meters, make equal 0,5 - 3,0 of the total weight, in tons, the entire platform with equipment and people, the platform is assembled in Type of aggregate on the water surface of the set, from 1 to 10000, hard volume modules of 20 - 5000 m2 with a power frame made using steel pipes and rolled steel, with anti-corrosion treatment and coating, the modules are fastened together, the platform is equipped with anchors and winches To the shaft through the gears, clutch mechanisms and gearboxes connect the water wheels that are installed on the platform and by means of them carry out movement and maneuvering, the deck is placed on the frame, residential and production buildings and used for appropriate purposes, use pontoons of elongated cylindrical shape, Internal pontoon volumes are filled with moisture-proof porous gas-filled synthetic materials, horizontal pontoons are placed underwater at a depth of 1 to 10 m with the help of racks, with the total displacement being equal to the sum of their weight and platform to 50%, the vertical pontoons lowered into the water one end Guides in the carcass and, by force, are immersed to a position providing, in the absence of waves, the necessary position of the frame relative to the water level, then fixed relative to the frame, the total volume of all pontoons in cubic meters makes 1.1-5 times the weight of the entire platform, And the vertical pontoons are distributed over the platform area in such a way that they are not in the path of the waves that run on the floats, and the distance between the pontoons in the upper layer of water of 1-10 m thick is 3 to 5000 times greater than the transverse dimensions of the pontoons, In water, they are selected with transverse dimensions of 0.04-2.0 m, they are welded from the ends, threaded plugs are filled in, filled with a moisture-proof porous gas-filled synthetic material and sealed.
4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the frame is made of rectangular parallelepipeds-modules, one of whose sides is perpendicular to the shaft, the modules are equally oriented among themselves, the floats are mounted on one of the arms of a two-arm lever, one or more in Module, the levers with floats are balanced, the flexible connection is hooked over the other lever arm, at the end of the connection after wrapping it around the drum, the weight is hung to tension it with a sag of no more than 0.005 to 0.5 m, the weight of the cargo being selected to be minimal but sufficient to provide rotation Drum relative to the shaft in the direction of the action of the load in the absence of tension from the side of the float; The load is placed on the guide, the levers with floats are mounted rotatably in a vertical plane in coaxial bearings in the frame supports, in the absence of waves the supports are above the water surface, the axis of rotation of the lever is parallel to the power take-off shaft, the floats are made cylindrical with a horizontal generatrix parallel to the axis Rotation of the lever, and a cross section perpendicular to this axis in the form of a circular section cut off at the bottom of the circular sector, bounded on one side, in the absence of waves, vertical to an accuracy of 30 ° with a plane perpendicular to within 30 ° of the cutoff line, this side of the float is provided with a blade In the form of a bucket or shovel, and the platform is oriented with the working side of the bucket / shovel to the front of the incoming waves, in the absence of waves, the distance from the axis of rotation of the lever to the surface of the water is set such that the cutoff line of said section of the float section is horizontal to within 30 ° , The shaft is placed an arbitrary number of floats in 3 or more rows, the linking point to the float arm being made in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the shaft and crossing the drum on the sleeve that this connection is bending around.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second arm of the double-arm, opposite the float, is in the form of a segment coaxial to the pulley arm, is flexed around flexibly and the connection is rigidly attached to said arm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the platform frame is made of modules in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds with a horizontal one of the sides, the power take-off shaft is driven into rotation by a closed flexible connection that is carried to the shaft from the floats and which has the shape of a rectangle , The plane of which is perpendicular to said shaft, and pulleys mounted on the frame are located at the corners of the rectangle, the sides of the rectangle being vertical, and the float is attached to one of them, and the counterweight is attached to the opposite, the power take-off shaft is located above the water level at the upper Horizontal part of the connection, the floats are made in the form of a circular cylinder with a vertical generatrix, a skirt is attached to the bottom of the float in the form of a lateral surface of a truncated cone with a vertical axis of rotation adjacent to the base of the float and widening to the top having openings in the shell above the line of contact to the base, The weight of the counterweight is selected such that in the absence of a wave the base of the float is immersed by 0.001-0.02 m, the lower pulleys of communication are under water, and the distance from the upper and lower pulleys to the water surface in the absence of waves makes the same and not less than half the maximum wave height, Characteristic for the water area of the proposed operation.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that as a consumer a high-frequency power generator is connected to the power take-off shaft through a high-speed transmission mechanism, it is used for inductive heating of water in a high-pressure steam boiler, heated steam is used to drive a steam turbine .
8. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, as a consumer, a pneumatic pump is connected to the power take-off shaft through the transmission mechanism, by means of which high pressure air is pumped into the tanks, which is then used for production purposes.
9. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the frame of the installation is located at the shore, as a consumer, to the power take-off shaft, through the transfer mechanisms, hydraulic pumps are connected, by which water is pumped into the reservoir ashore at a height of more than 10 m above Sea level, water from the reservoir is used to operate the hydroturbine.
10. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that high-pressure hydraulic pumps are connected to the power take-off shaft by means of transfer mechanisms, which are used for the operation of desalination plants using the reverse osmosis method.
11. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a wind generator is mounted on the frame, and solar energy converters are also installed.
12. A method for recycling energy from renewable sources by using floats that oscillate when the water surface rises up and down relative to the support, the floats being connected by means of a transmission mechanism to a power take-off shaft that is rigidly mounted on the bearing support and mechanical energy from rotation is utilized in an electric generator With the production of electric power, characterized in that as a support a rigid, volumetric transparent wave for the waves is assembled from the elements to form modular cells for placing the floats, the number and dimensions of which are selected in accordance with the expressions
S 0 = nS,
Where N is the required power of the power plant for the utilization of wave energy;
S is the cross-sectional area of one float by the surface of calm water;
S 0 is the total area of the float sections by the indicated water surface; - density of water;
G - acceleration of gravity;
H - wave height, characteristic for the water area of the proposed operation;
T is the period of the indicated wave;
N is the number of floats,
The dimensions of the float sections of the surface of calm water make no more than 0.25 of the wavelength typical for the water area of the intended operation, and the height of the floats is performed within 0.1-2.0 of the characteristic wave height, while the weight of the floats is regulated by the weight of the counterweights In calm water within 0.0001 - 0.5 of their volume and the time of descent from the upper point after the fall of the wave in the range of 0.1 - 100 s, and the received electricity is used to operate the cell and produce hydrogen gas, which is accumulated in tanks for subsequent Use as an energy source.
13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the power take-off shaft, one or more, is made of rectangular cross-section from metal roll by welding in the form of a low-speed power shaft up to 500 rpm of the shaft; Secondary shafts driven from the power take-off shafts, separate modular cells are connected by cardan gears, single-shaft rotation clutches relative to the shaft, with the drums are installed on the shaft or power take-off shafts, the number of clutches is not less than the number of floats, the power take-off shafts are driven by a flexible coupling , Which is carried to them from the floats directly or by means of a double-arm, and wrapped around each corresponding float of the drum several times, and after a part of the revolutions, the connection is fixed to the drum, and its free end is connected to a tensioning system, the lengths of the bonds wound on the drums and before and After the fixing point make at least half of the maximum amplitude of reciprocating communication; The total area occupied by floats on the water surface is maintained within 0.1-0.9 of the area of the water surface area occupied by the skeleton, the inner volumes of the floats are filled with moisture-proof porous gas-filled synthetic materials, containers with openings of such a cross section are attached to the bottom of the floats After filling with water when immersed, the container was emptied for 1-100 s after raising the floats above the water, flexible elements from water absorbing materials are attached to the base of the floats in the form of a number of freely hanging ropes, or threads or strips of fabrics with the provision of a float- The amplitude of its movement is limited by stops with the use of springs and rubber, the magnitude of the ultimate strength of the connection, the drum and the coupling, in tons, make more than half the volume of the float associated with them, in cubic meters; As a result of the electrolysis of water, both hydrogen and oxygen are produced, the produced gases are pumped into the tanks, then hydrogen is used to power the internal combustion engine that rotates another power generator whose output parameters are stabilized by a feedback unit.
14. A method according to any one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the frame is supported afloat by a plurality of horizontally and vertically arranged pontoons forming, together with the carcass, a floating platform whose length and width are more than 3 times, and the height more than 1,1 times more than the maximum wave height characteristic for the water area of the proposed operation, the total volume of all floats, in cubic meters, make equal 0,5 - 3,0 of the total weight, in tons, the entire platform with equipment and people, the platform is made in As an aggregate on the water surface of a set of rigid space modules with an area of 20 - 5000 m 2 with a power frame made using steel pipes and rolled steel with anticorrosion treatment and coating, the modules are fastened together, the platform is equipped with anchors and winches, to the shaft via gears, Clutches and gearboxes connect water wheels that are mounted on the platform and with their movement and maneuvering, the deck is placed on the frame, residential and production buildings and used for appropriate purposes, pontoons of elongated cylindrical shape are used, the internal volumes of pontoons are filled with moisture-proof porous gas-filled Horizontal pontoons are placed underwater at a depth of 1 to 10 m with the help of racks, the total displacement of which is made equal to within 50% of the total weight of them and the platform, the vertical pontoons are lowered one way into the water along the guides in the frame and by force Immersed to a position providing, in the absence of waves, the necessary position of the carcass relative to the water level, then fixed relative to the frame, the total volume of all pontoons, in cubic meters, makes 1.1 to 5 times the weight of the entire platform, in tons, with vertical pontoons spread over the area Platforms in such a way that they are not in the way of the waves that run on the floats, and the distance between the pontoons in the upper layer of water 1 - 10 m thick is 3 to 5 times greater than the transverse dimensions of the pontoons, the pipes of the frame immersed in water, With transverse dimensions of 0,04 - 2,0 m, they are brewed from the ends, cut screw plugs, filled with moisture-proof porous gas-filled synthetic material and hermetically closed.
15. Method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the frame consists of rectangular parallelepipeds-modules, one of whose sides is perpendicular to the power take-off shaft, the modules are equally oriented among themselves, the floats are mounted on one of the arms of a two-arm lever, one or The levers with floats balance, the flexible connection is hooked over the other arm of the lever, at the end of the connection after wrapping it around the drum, the weight is suspended for pulling it with a sag of no more than 0,005 - 0,5 m, and the weight of the cargo is selected to be minimal, but sufficient for Ensuring the rotation of the drum relative to the shaft in the direction of the action of the load in the absence of tension from the side of the float; The load is placed on the guide, the levers with floats are mounted rotatably in a vertical plane in coaxial bearings in the frame supports, where in the absence of waves the supports are above the water surface, the axis of rotation of the lever is parallel to the shaft, the floats are made cylindrical with a horizontal generatrix parallel to the axis of rotation of the lever , And a cross section perpendicular to this axis in the form of a circumferential sector cut off at one end, limited to one side, in the absence of waves, vertical to an accuracy of 30 ° with a plane perpendicular to within 30 ° of the cutoff line, this side of the float is provided with a blade in the form The bucket or shovel and the platform are oriented with the working side of the bucket / shovel to the front of the incoming waves, in the absence of waves, the distance from the axis of rotation of the lever to the surface of the water is set such that the cutoff line of the said section of the float section is horizontal to an accuracy of 30 ° , An arbitrary number of floats of 3 or more rows, the linking point to the float arm being made in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the shaft and intersecting the drum on the sleeve that the link is bending around.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the second arm of the double-arm, opposite the float, is made in the form of a segment coaxial to the pulley arm, flexibly bends around it and the connection is rigidly fixed.
17. The method of any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that as a result of the electrolysis of water, both hydrogen and oxygen are produced, which are pumped into tanks and then used for cutting and welding metals.
18. A method for utilizing renewable energy by using floats that oscillate when the water surface rises up and down relative to the support, the floats being connected by means of a transmission mechanism to a power take-off shaft that is rigidly mounted on the bearing support and mechanical energy from rotation is utilized for desalination Sea water, characterized in that as a support a rigid, volumetric, transparent frame for waves is assembled from the elements to form modular cells for placing floats, the number and dimensions of which are selected in accordance with expressions
S 0 = nS,
Where N is the required power of the power plant for the utilization of wave energy;
S is the cross-sectional area of one float by the surface of calm water;
S 0 is the total area of the float sections by the indicated water surface; - density of water;
G - acceleration of gravity;
H - wave height, characteristic for the water area of the proposed operation;
T is the period of the indicated wave;
N is the number of floats,
размеры сечений поплавков поверхностью спокойной воды делают не более 0,25 от длины волн, характерной для акватории предполагаемой эксплуатации, а высоту поплавков выполняют в пределах 0,1 - 2,0 от характерной высоты волн, при этом с помощью грузов - противовесов регулируют глубину погружения поплавков в спокойной воде в пределах 0,0001 - 0,5 их объема и время спуска с верхней точки после спада волны в пределах 0,1 - 100 с, а в качестве устройства утилизации энергии волн используют вакуумную дистилляционную установку, причем в установке используют вакуумный насос и приводят его в действие от вала через передаточный механизм, испарение осуществляют с поверхности площадью 0,5 - 1000 м 2 в скоростном потоке обдувающего воздуха со скоростью 0,5 - 5000 м/с, теплоту конденсации используют для нагрева испаряемой жидкости, испарение осуществляют в испарительной камере низкого давления, выполненной в виде горизонтально расположенной круглой трубы, с вращающимся барабаном испарителя внутри и с сужениями на концах трубы, один из которых через регулируемое уплотнение вала вращения барабана испарителя соединяют с атмосферой, а другой - с входом вакуумного насоса, выход которого соединяют со змеевиком конденсатора, который размещают ниже уровня воды внутри ответвления испарительной камеры, содержащей в нижней части клапан заливки-слива морской воды, связанный с поплавком устройства, которое поддерживает постоянный уровень жидкости в испарительной камере, барабан испарителя выполняют с множеством соосных трубе каналов, открытых с обоих торцов, со стенками из гигроскопического материала, причем барабан приводят во вращение со скоростью 0,1 - 100 об./мин путем соединения его через передаточный механизм с валом отбора мощности, выход дистиллята регулируют для получения оптимального режима путем вращения резьбовой уплотняющей втулки с эластичной манжетой, ограничивающей подачу воздуха, на валу барабана испарителя на входе в испарительную камеру, а слив рассола производят путем повышения давления в испарительной камере.
19. Способ по п.18, отличающийся тем, что уровень воды в испарительной камере поддерживают ниже оси вращения барабана, в нижней ветви испарительной камеры устанавливают аэратор в виде мелкопористого наконечника трубки, соединенной с атмосферой через регулирующий вентиль, корпус испарительной камеры окрашивают в черный цвет, через дополнительный змеевик, который помещают в нижнюю часть нижнего ответвления испарительной камеры, насосами прокачивают холодную воду из морских глубин; вал отбора мощности, один или несколько, выполняют прямоугольного сечения из металлопроката путем сварки в виде силового низкооборотного до 500 об./мин вала; вторичные, ведомые от валов отбора мощности, валы модульных ячеек соединяют карданными передачами, на валах отбора мощности устанавливают муфты одностороннего вращения относительно вала, с барабанами, причем количество муфт не меньше количества поплавков, вал приводят во вращение с помощью гибкой связи, которую проводят к валу от поплавков непосредственно или посредством двуплечих рычагов, и оборачивают вокруг соответствующего каждому поплавку барабана несколько раз, причем после части оборотов связь закрепляют на барабане, а свободный конец ее подсоединяют к системе натяжения, причем длины намотанных на барабан связей и до и после точки закрепления делают не менее половины максимальной амплитуды возвратно-поступательного перемещения связи; суммарную площадь, занимаемую поплавками на поверхности воды, выдерживают в пределах 0,1 - 0,9 от площади участка водной поверхности, занимаемой каркасом, внутренние объемы поплавков заполняют влагонепроницаемыми пористыми газонаполненными синтетическими материалами, к нижней части поплавков приделывают емкости с отверстиями такого сечения, чтобы после заполнения водой при погружении емкость опорожнялась в течение 1 - 100 с после поднятия поплавков над водой, к основанию поплавков приделывают гибкие элементы из впитывающих воду материалов в виде множества свободно свисающих веревок, либо нитей, либо полос тканей, количество которых определяют из условия безотрывного от волны движения поплавка, амплитуды движения его ограничивают упорами с использованием пружин и резины; каркас поддерживают на плаву с помощью множества горизонтально и вертикально расположенных понтонов, образующих вместе с каркасом плавающую платформу, длина и ширина которой более чем в 3 раза, а высота более чем в 1,1 раза больше максимальной высоты волны, характерной для акватории предполагаемой эксплуатации, суммарный объем всех поплавков, в кубометрах, делают равным 0,5 - 3,0 от суммарного веса, в тоннах, всей платформы с оборудованием и людьми, платформу собирают в виде агрегата на поверхности воды множества модулей; каркас изготавливают с использованием стальных труб и проката с антикоррозионной обработкой и покрытием, платформу оснащают якорями и лебедками, к валу через передаточные механизмы подсоединяют водяные колеса, которые устанавливают на платформе и с помощью их осуществляют перемещение ее и маневрирование, на каркасе размещают палубу, жилые и производственные постройки; используют понтоны вытянутой цилиндрической формы, внутренние объемы понтонов заполняют влагонепроницаемыми пористыми газонаполненными синтетическими материалами, горизонтальные понтоны размещают под водой на глубине 0,1 - 10 м с помощью стоек, причем суммарное водоизмещение их делают равным с точностью до 50% сумме веса их и платформы, суммарный объем всех понтонов, в кубометрах, делают в 1,1 - 5 раз больше веса всей платформы, в тоннах, причем вертикальные понтоны распределяют по площади платформы таким образом, чтобы они не находились на пути волн, набегающих на поплавки, а расстояние между понтонами в верхнем слое воды толщиной 1 - 10 м выдерживают в 3 - 5000 раз больше поперечных размеров понтонов, трубы каркаса, погруженные в воду, при изготовлении выбирают с поперечными размерами 0,04 - 2,0 м, их заваривают с торцов, врезают резьбовые заглушки, заполняют влагонепроницаемым пористым газонаполненным синтетическим материалом и герметично закрывают.
20. Модуль энергостанции мощностью до мегаватт для утилизации энергии возобновляющихся источников, содержащий опору, вал отбора мощности, муфты одностороннего вращения, множество поплавков на плечах рычагов, механизм, передающий вращение рычага с поплавком на вал отбора мощности, отличающийся тем, что опора выполнена в виде модульного прозрачного для волн жесткого объемного каркаса, рычаги выполнены двуплечими, на одном из плеч которых установлены поплавки, а к другому плечу прикреплена гибкая связь, огибающая несколько раз муфты одностороннего вращения на валу отбора мощности, причем после части оборотов вокруг барабана связь закреплена на барабане, к свободному концу связи подвешен груз натяжения, вес груза подобран из условия возврата барабана в исходное положение при отсутствии натяжения со стороны поплавка, причем длина намотанной на барабан и до и после точки закрепления связи не меньше половины максимальной амплитуды движения плеча рычага, противоположного поплавку, вдоль вала отбора мощности размещено произвольное число поплавков в 3 и более рядов, размеры сечений поплавков поверхностью спокойной воды составляют не более 0,25 от длины волн, а высота поплавков составляет 0,1 - 2,0 от высоты волн, характерных для условий эксплуатации, количество и размеры поплавков выбраны в соответствии с выражениями
S 0 = nS,
где N - требуемая мощность энергостанции для утилизации энергии волн;
S - площадь сечения одного поплавка поверхностью спокойной воды;
S 0 - суммарная площадь сечений поплавков указанной поверхностью воды; - плотность воды;
g - ускорение свободного падения;
h - высота волны, характерная для акватории предполагаемой эксплуатации;
Т - период указанной волны;
n - количество поплавков.
21. Модуль энергостанции мощностью до мегаватт по п.20, отличающийся тем, что каркас имеет форму прямоугольного параллелепипеда, одна из сторон которого перпендикулярна валу отбора мощности, каркас выполнен из элементов с использованием стальных труб и металлопроката, с антикоррозионной обработкой и покрытием, модули энергостанции одинаково ориентированы между собой и жестко скреплены болтами и гайками в единую конструкцию, амплитуду движения поплавка ограничивают упорами с упругими элементами с использованием пружин и резины; груз натяжения обеспечивает провисание связи не более 0,005 - 0,5 м, груз размещен на направляющей; рычаги с поплавками установлены с возможностью вращения в вертикальной плоскости в соосных подшипниках, установленных на каркасе, ось вращения рычага параллельна валу отбора мощности, поплавки имеют цилиндрическую форму с горизонтальной образующей, параллельной оси вращения рычага, и перпендикулярным к оси сечением в форме обрезанного в нижней части кругового сектора, ограниченного с одной из сторон, в отсутствие волн, вертикальной с точностью до 30 o плоскостью, перпендикулярной с точностью до 30 o линии обреза, эта сторона поплавка снабжена лопастью в форме ковша или совковой лопаты, модуль ориентирован рабочей стороной ковша/лопаты к фронту набегающих волн, причем в отсутствие волн расстояние от оси вращения рычага до поверхности воды составляет 0,1 - 8 м и выбирается таким, чтобы линия обреза упомянутого сектора была горизонтальна с точностью до 30 o , в отсутствие волн погружение поплавков составляет 0,0001 - 0,5 от их объема, поплавки сбалансированы совместно с рычагом с помощью грузов-противовесов, к нижней части поплавков приделывают емкости с отверстиями, которые заполняются водой при погружении поплавка, и опорожняются через указанные отверстия в течение 1 - 100 с после поднятия поплавков над водой, к основанию поплавков приделывают гибкие элементы из впитывающих воду материалов в виде многочисленных свободно свисающих веревок, либо нитей, либо полос тканей или губки, внутренние объемы поплавков заполнены влагонепроницаемыми пористыми газонаполненными синтетическими материалами, в модуле установлен силовой низкооборотный до 500 об./мин вал отбора мощности, в том числе составленный из отдельных частей, соединенных муфтами, названный вал оснащен передаточными механизмами, одним или несколькими, с переходниками для подсоединения потребителей; точка зацепления связи к рычагу поплавка находится в плоскости, перпендикулярной оси вращения соответствующего вала и пересекающей соответствующий данной связи барабан на муфте, который данная связь огибает.
22. Модуль энергостанции мощностью до мегаватт по п.20 или 21, отличающийся тем, что второе плечо двуплечего рычага, противоположное поплавку, имеет форму сегмента, соосного рычагу шкива, гибкая связь огибает его и жестко закреплена.
23. Модуль энергостанции мощностью до мегаватт по любому из пп.20 - 22, отличающийся тем, что модуль снабжен горизонтальными и вертикальными понтонами, образующими вместе с каркасом плавающую платформу, длина и ширина которой более чем в 3 раза, а высота более чем в 1,1 раза больше максимальной высоты волны, характерной для акватории предполагаемой эксплуатации, вертикальные понтоны частично погружены в воду и зафиксированы на направляющих в каркасе модуля, платформа оснащена якорями и лебедками; к валу отбора мощности через передаточные механизмы, механизмы сцепления и коробки передач подсоединены водяные колеса для маневрирования, установленные на периферии платформы, понтоны имеют вытянутую цилиндрическую форму, внутренние объемы понтонов заполнены влагонепроницаемыми пористыми газонаполненными синтетическими материалами, причем суммарный объем всех понтонов, в кубометрах, в 1,1 - 5 раз больше веса всей платформы, в тоннах, причем вертикальные понтоны распределены по площади платформы таким образом, чтобы они не находились на пути волн, набегающих на поплавки, а расстояние между ними в верхнем слое воды толщиной 1 - 10 м выдержано в 3 - 5000 раз больше поперечных размеров понтонов, трубы каркаса, погруженные в воду, заварены с торцов и снабжены пробками-заглушками, трубы заполнены влагонепроницаемым пористым газонаполненным синтетическим материалом.
24. Модуль энергостанции мощностью до мегаватт по любому из пп.20 - 22, отличающийся тем, что опора установлена на грунте и модуль закреплен в средней точке на опоре с помощью осевого шарнира с горизонтальной осью вращения, расположенной над уровнем воды, имеется уравновешивающий груз для поддержания модуля в рабочем положении.
25. Модуль энергостанции мощностью до мегаватт по любому из пп.20 - 24, отличающийся тем, что к валу отбора мощности через передаточный механизм подключен электрогенератор, соединенный с электролизером, подключенным к резервуарам для хранения водорода и кислорода, причем резервуар для хранения водорода связан с двигателем внутреннего сгорания, соединенным со вторым электрогенератором, снабженным блоком стабилизации.
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Дата публикации 09.01.2007гг
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