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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2216644

HYDRO-TURBINE INSTALLATION

The name of the inventor: Britvin SO; Usachev I.N. Galustov K.Z .; The historian BL; Shpolyansky Yu.B .; Semenov IV; Y. Kondrashov; Tkachenko A.P.
The name of the patent holder: Russian Open Joint Stock Company of Energy and Electrification (RAO UES of Russia); Open Joint-Stock Company "Scientific Research Institute of Power Structures"
Address for correspondence: 115201, Moscow, Kashirskoye sh., 22, building 3, VNIIE, pat.- legal department, room 702, pat. MB Shchedrin
Date of commencement of the patent: 2001.12.27

The invention is intended for use as tidal power plants and low-pressure river hydroelectric power stations. The device comprises at least two turbines horizontally coaxially installed in the water conduit and one generator. The turbines are orthogonal to the cross-jet, their shafts are oriented across the plant's water conduit, which is separated by at least one steer by turbine water conduits, and connected by a kinematic linkage unit that is housed in a sealed cavity formed in the body of a bull-calf. As the block of kinematic connection, a generator is used, which is made with a through shaft connecting the shafts of the turbines. The kinematic linkage unit can be implemented as an additional input multiplier with a through slow shaft connecting the shafts of the turbines. The kinematic linkage unit may include a generator made with a through shaft and two additional multipliers, while the high-speed shafts of the multipliers are connected by the generator shaft, and the slow-moving ones are connected to the shaft of the corresponding turbine. The installation can be made in the form of a block-module of a hydro-power structure with its own buoyancy. The technical result is to increase the efficiency of using the energy of the water flow.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of hydropower construction and can be used in the construction of tidal power plants (PES) and low-head river hydroelectric power stations (HPPs).

There are known hydro turbine installations containing an orthogonal turbine installed in the water channel, whose shaft is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the water conduit and kinematically connected to the generator shaft [1], [2].

The disadvantage of the units [1] and [2] is the practical impossibility of combining several turbines into a common hydroelectric unit to operate on one generator, which is connected, in particular, with the vertical arrangement of the turbine shaft.

Known as a prototype is a hydro turbine plant containing two turbines horizontally coaxially installed in the water conduit and one generator [3].

In the prototype device, the coaxial turbine shafts are oriented along the water conduit and connected by a multiplier placed in a sealed capsule in the center of the water conduit, with the vertical shaft of the generator installed outside the water conduit.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low efficiency of using the energy of the water flow passing through the section of the water conduit. This is due to the fact that in the prototype device the turbines (propeller type) are operated alternately depending on the direction of the flow and the fact that the capsule with the multiplier located in the center of the working section of the water conduit partially overlaps the working turbine rotating in the prototype device Along the shafts of turbines.

The object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of using the water flow passing through the working section of the water conduit.

The subject of the invention is a hydro turbine plant comprising at least two turbines horizontally aligned in a water conduit and one generator different in accordance with the invention in that the turbines are orthogonal to the cross-jet, their shafts are oriented across the plant water conduit, which is divided into At least one bull-calf into turbine conduits, and connected by a kinematic linkage unit, which is housed in a sealed cavity formed in the body of a bull-calf.

This makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the use of the water flow passing through the working section of the water conduit and, accordingly, to increase the energy output of the installation.

The invention has the following variant developments for particular cases of its implementation:

- As a block of kinematic communication, a generator made with a through shaft connecting the shafts of turbines can be used;

- the kinematic linkage unit can be implemented as an additional input multiplier with a through slow shaft connecting the shafts of the turbines;

- the kinematic linkage unit may include a generator made with a through shaft and two additional multipliers, while the high-speed shafts of the multipliers are connected by the generator shaft, and the slow-moving ones are connected to the shaft of the corresponding turbine.

This allows to optimize the composition and layout of the electromechanical equipment of the installation.

In addition, the invention has the development of providing an installation in the form of a buoyancy-owning block-module of a hydroelectric structure.

This makes it possible to use for the erection of a river HPP or PES a floating method that allows manufacturing and debugging a large block-module of a hydroconstruction at a manufacturing plant and then delivering it afloat to the site of construction of a hydroconstruction.

A further development of the invention consists in the fact that the block-module contains a dam or a fragment of the dam of the hydroelectric structure in the form of a hollow top structure above the plant water conduit.

This simplifies the construction of the hydroelectric station.

The upper structure can be made shorter than the installation waterway in the direction of movement of the block-module.

This increases the ice resistance of the hydraulic installation.

The drawing illustrates an embodiment of the invention (taking into account its development) in a two-turbine plant with a generator and two multipliers placed in the cavity of the bull-calf. FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of the installation A-A in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the turbines; FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the B-B in the plan at the level of the turbine axes. FIG.

The installation (see Figures 1 and 2) comprises a plant water conduit 1 separated by a goby 2 into two turbine conduits 3 and 4. In the conduits 3 and 4, orthogonal cross-jet turbines 5 and 6 are arranged. The shafts 7 and 8 of the turbines 5 and 6 are installed Horizontally and coaxially across the water conduit 1 (and water lines 3 and 4). The divider 2 is made hollow and expanded in the middle part. The shafts 7 and 8 of the turbines are connected by a kinematic coupling unit 9 which is located in the hermetic cavity 10 of the bull-calf 2, equipped as a computer room. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the block 9 comprises a generator 11 and two multipliers 12. The high-speed shafts 13 of the two multipliers 12 are connected by a through shaft 14 of the generator 11. The low-speed shaft 15 of each multiplier 12 is connected to a shaft 7 or 8 of a respective turbine.

As the multipliers 12, relatively cheap single-stage horizontal cylindrical gearboxes can be used.

The invention also provides for the possibility of eliminating the use of multipliers 12 by directly connecting shafts 7 and 8 through the horizontal shaft of the generator 11, which in this case must be low-speed. Although the diameter of the generator increases several times, it is loosely placed in the cavity 10. It is also possible to realize the invention, with only one multiplier connecting the shafts 7 and 8 in its low-speed through shaft to the cavity of the bull-calf 2, and carrying out the generator 11 (the shaft of which, in this case Kinematically linked to the high-speed shaft of the multiplexer), for example, to the top of the unit.

To control the turbines 5 and 6, the water lines 3 and 4 can be provided with working shutters 16.

In Fig. 2 shows the installation when each side of the bullside 2 has one orthogonal turbine installed. It is also possible to implement the invention in the form of an installation with several turbine water conduits and turbines on each side of the bull-calf 2, connected to one hydroelectric unit. In this case, the plant may comprise several blocks 9, kinematically connecting the shafts of turbines and located in sealed cavities formed in the corresponding bulls.

The plant is used as part of a dam dam (tidal or river) and works as follows.

After the gates 16 are opened, the turbines 5 and 6 rotate under the action of the water pressure flowing through their turbine conduits 3 and 4, which is provided by the difference in water levels between the upper and lower tailings (see FIG. 1).

At the river HPP, higher water levels from the upper reservoir reservoir and lower water reservoirs (in the downstream). At PES, higher levels are observed from one side of the water conduit 1, which is associated with a natural alternation of tides. Orthogonal turbines 5 and 6 can operate in a two-sided turbine mode, i.e. With a periodic change in the direction of water flow along the turbine water conduit. In this case, the direction of rotation of the turbines (and hence of the generator 1) remains unchanged.

The proposed technical solution allows to increase (in relation to the prototype) the efficiency of the use of the water flow passing through the working section of the water conduit. The proposed solution allows for an additional increase in energy output by optimizing the geometry of the flow paths of turbines in accordance with [2].

In addition, the merits of the proposed solution include:

- the possibility of compactly and with convenience for operation to place a hydraulic unit that combines the generator (s) and several turbines;

- the possibility to reduce the number of hydraulic units on multi-unit PES or river hydroelectric power stations and thereby reduce the cost of the electromechanical equipment of the power plant;

- the ability to use orthogonal turbines in multi-turbine units is cheaper than traditional axial turbines (for example, propeller type).

The installation can be made in the form of a block-module of a hydro-power structure with its own buoyancy.

In this case, the apertures of the turbine conduits 3 and 4 must be provided with means for installing and removing the transport closures 17, for example bot-ports (floating closures), and with temporary sealing means.

The implementation of the proposed installation in the form of a block-module with its own buoyancy makes it possible to use the floating method of erecting a hydroelectric power plant, including the industrial manufacture and debugging of the unit modules (with hydraulic units and all electromechanical equipment of the machine room) at the manufacturing plant and their delivery afloat to the place of operation.

The floating block-module can contain a dam or fragment of a dam of a hydroelectric power station (PES or a hydroelectric power station) in the form of a hollow top structure 18 above the water conduit 1.

To increase the ice resistance of the hydro construction, the width of the dam (upper structure) can be shortened with respect to the length of the water conduit 1 and the bullhead 2 (see Fig. 1).

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Auto. Svid USSR 1606731, IPC F 03 B 1/00, 1990

2. The patent of the Russian Federation 2044155, МПК F 03 B 1/00, 1995.

3. Author. Svid. USSR 1280178, IPC F 03 B 13/10, 1986

CLAIM

A water turbine plant comprising at least two turbines horizontally aligned in a water conduit and one generator, characterized in that the turbines are orthogonal to the cross-jet, their shafts are oriented across the plant water conduit, which is divided at least in part, One steer by turbine water conduits, and connected by a block of kinematic coupling, which is located in a sealed cavity formed in the body of a bull-calf.

2. The plant according to claim 1, characterized in that as a kinematic coupling unit, a generator is used, which is provided with a through shaft connecting the shafts of the turbines.

3. The plant of claim 1, characterized in that the kinematic linkage unit is in the form of an additionally introduced multiplier with a through slow shaft connecting the shafts of the turbines.

4. The plant of claim 1, wherein the kinematic linkage unit includes a generator made with a through shaft and two additional multipliers, while the high-speed shafts of the multipliers are connected by the generator shaft, and the slow-moving ones are connected to the shaft of the corresponding turbine.

5. The plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a block-module of a hydro-power structure possessing its own buoyancy.

6. An installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the block module comprises a dam or a fragment of a dam of a hydroelectric structure in the form of a hollow top structure above the plant water conduit.

7. An installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the upper structure is shorter than the installation water conduit.

print version
Date of publication 12.01.2007gg

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