Start of section Production, amateur Radio amateurs Aircraft model, rocket-model Useful, entertaining	Stealth Master Electronics Physics Technologies Inventions	Secrets of the cosmos Secrets of the Earth Secrets of the Ocean Tricks Map of section
Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks)

INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2075630

MACHINE FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF WATER ENERGY

The name of the inventor: Lebedev-Krasin O.Yu.
The name of the patent holder: Small scientific and industrial collective enterprise "NOVEK"
Address for correspondence:
The effective date of the patent: 1994.02.28

Use: in hydropower, in particular in machines for the conversion of water energy. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The machine includes a "cylinder-piston" pair, one of which is fixed to a support, and the other is located on the surface of the water by means of a float associated therewith. The cylinder comprises an inlet and an outlet for communicating with a reservoir in which the device for further energy transfer is located. The piston is fixed to the support. The float is mounted on the outer surface of the cylinder. The tank is made in the form of a receiver connected to the inlet and outlet openings of the cylinder through the valves. The machine contains a jumper for dividing the volume of water into two parts with different levels. From the higher water level, there is a cylinder, piston and channel. The channel contains movable partitions at the entrance and exit. The outlet of the channel is in the form of a hole located at the bottom of the bridge. The channel inlet is located below the water level. The upper part of the channel is rigidly connected to the cylinder and connected to the ends of the inlet and outlet of the channel and its walls by means of an elastic membrane.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The device relates to machines for converting water energy, in particular, existing due to the formation of a difference in its levels in two adjacent tanks or reservoirs.

A water energy conversion machine is known including a cylinder-piston couple, one of which is fixed to a support and the other is located on the surface of the water by means of a float connected thereto, the cylinder comprising an inlet and an outlet for communicating with a container in which the device For the further transfer of energy. The cylinder is fixed to the support, and the piston is located on the surface of the water by means of a float connected to it. As a device for conversion and further transfer of energy, the machine contains a hydroturbine. This machine can in principle be used to convert the energy of water, existing due to the difference in its levels in the two adjacent reservoirs (reservoirs).

The disadvantage of this device is its low efficiency (no more than 50% due to the reduction of the effective compressive force due to the partial immersion of the piston in the water).

The task was to create such a device for the conversion of water energy, which would have an increased efficiency.

This problem was solved by the present invention.

In a machine for converting water energy comprising a cylinder-piston pair, one of the elements of which is fixed to a support and the other is located on the water surface by means of a float connected thereto, the cylinder comprising an inlet and an outlet for communicating with a reservoir in which the device For further energy transfer, according to the invention, the piston is fixed to the support, and the float is mounted on the outer surface of the cylinder, the container is made in the form of a receiver connected to the inlet and outlet openings of the cylinder through the valves; the machine comprises a bridge for dividing the volume of water into two parts with different A cylinder, a piston and a channel containing movable partitions at the inlet and outlet, on the higher water level side, the outlet of the channel being in the form of a hole located at the bottom of the bridge, the inlet is located below the water level, and the upper part of the channel is rigidly connected With a cylinder and connected to the ends of the inlet and outlet of the channel and its walls by means of an elastic membrane.

In a preferred embodiment of the machine, the device for further energy transfer is made in the form of the heat of the bellows box and the heat exchanger in series with the consumer.

In a preferred embodiment of the machine, the cylinder and / or receiver is at least partially filled with a working fluid (eg oil or water).

The float is preferably installed to facilitate the outer lateral surface of the cylinder.

In the upper part of the cylinder, a material with a high thermal conductivity is preferably disposed with the possibility of easy penetration of the working fluid into its volume.

As a material with a high thermal conductivity, the machine can comprise, for example, a crumpled metal wire.

The fastening of the piston on the support allows contact of the upper part of the cylinder with air, which in turn allows it to be sucked into the cylinder and then compressed, feeding into the cylinder while the machine is running.

The installation of the float on the outer surface of the cylinder allows the cylinder to be held at least at its upper part on the surface of the water and thereby allows air to pass through the valve into the cylinder while the machine is in operation.

The performance of the tank in the form of a receiver (a cylinder for compressed air) allows you to supply compressed air to the consumer.

The connection of the receiver to the inlet and outlet openings of the cylinder allows it to be pumped with air, and the flow of working fluid from the receiver to the cylinder and back.

The jumper allows you to divide the volume of water into two parts and maintain a different level in them to then use the energy of water accumulated due to the difference in levels.

As the volume of water can be used as an artificial reservoir, and natural, for example, a river. In the latter case, the dam can, in particular, act as a bridge.

A channel placed on the side of a higher water level is designed to communicate between the separated parts of the water volume. This communication is carried out by opening (closing) movable partitions located at the inlet and outlet of the channel. Closing one baffle and opening another, you can change the pressure in the channel. Changing the pressure in the channel is necessary for the operation of the machine.

The location of the inlet and outlet openings of the channel in the lower part of the water volume makes it possible to use the difference of water pressures in two parts of its volume most effectively when the machine is operating.

The upper part of the channel is movable, since it is connected hermetically to the ends of the inlet and outlet of the channel and its walls by means of an elastic membrane. The upper part of the channel is the body of the machine that senses the difference in water pressures in two parts of its volume at a certain position of the channel partitions. By changing the position of the partitions, it is possible to change the pressure acting on the upper part of the channel and thereby cause its movement. Since the upper part of the channel is rigidly connected to the cylinder, when it moves, the cylinder also moves, which leads to the machine executing the working cycles.

The channel can be of any shape. In the FIG. In one specific example, it is made with vertically mounted lateral cylindrical walls.

The working fluid allows the transfer of heat during the compression of the gas to the receiver. The presence in the receiver of the bellows box allows, when the pressure in the receiver (its pulsation) changes, it is necessary to pump the heat carrier in the circuit containing the bellows box and the heat exchanger and thereby transfer heat to the consumer (the absence of a special pump for transferring the coolant raises the efficiency of the machine).

If the float is installed to facilitate the outer side surface of the cylinder, this improves its thermal insulation, which ultimately raises the efficiency. cars.

If a material with a high thermal conductivity is located in the upper part of the cylinder with the possibility of easy penetration of the working fluid into its volume (for example, having a high porosity), in particular, a crushed metal wire, compression of the gas in the cylinder is practically isothermal, which increases the efficiency . cars.

The claimed machine differs from the known one in that the piston is fixed to the support, and the float is mounted on the outer surface of the cylinder, the container is made in the form of a receiver connected to the inlet and outlet openings of the cylinder through the valves. The machine comprises a jumper for dividing the volume of water into two parts with different A cylinder, a piston and a channel containing movable partitions at the inlet and outlet, on the higher water level side, the outlet of the channel being in the form of a hole located in the lower part of the bridge, the inlet is located below the water level, and the upper part of the channel is rigidly connected With cylinders and connected to the ends of the entrance and exit of the channel and its walls by means of an elastic membrane. Thus, the claimed device satisfies the condition of patentability of the invention "novelty".

In the patent and scientific and technical literature, the use for lowering and lifting the working cylinder in a device for converting the energy of water to a cylinder-related object, which is the upper part of the channel connecting the containers to different levels of water, is not described. Thus, the claimed device satisfies the condition of patentability of the invention "industrial applicability".

A specific embodiment of the device is shown in FIG. 1 and Fig. 2.

In Fig. 1 shows the general scheme of the machine.

In Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the pressure difference ( D P) experienced by the upper part of the channel, on the vertical coordinate of this part of the channel (h).

The machine comprises a jumper 1, a conical disc 2 provided with a diaphragm 3, a float 4 mounted on the outer side surface of the cylinder of the compressor 5. The duct 6 located at the lower part of the reservoir on the higher water side has movable baffles 7 And 8. The bridge 8 serves to cover the hole located in the lower part of the dam 1, and the jumper 7 for overlapping the channel entrance.

The compressor 5 comprises a cylinder 9 rigidly connected to the upper part of the channel, whose function is performed by the conical disk 2. The cylinder comprises an inlet 10 and an outlet 11 valves. The piston 12 is fixed to the fixed rod 13 fixed to the bottom of the channel 6. The piston 12 function can also be performed by the diaphragm. In the upper part of the cylinder 9 there is a crumpled metal wire.

The receiver 15 is fixed to the fixed support. At the bottom of the receiver 15 there is a bellows box 16 with a check valve and a heat exchanger 17 connected to an external consumer 18 of heat through the hoses 19.

The upper zone of the receiver 15 is connected through the hose 20 to the outlet valve 11 of the compressor 5. The lower part of the receiver through the valve 21 and the hose 22 is connected to the internal volume of the cylinder 9 of the compressor 5 in the area of ​​the packing 14.

The internal volume of the cylinder of the compressor at the initial moment is completely filled with working liquid 23.

The device works as follows.

In the initial compression position, the disk 2 is raised by the action of the float 2, the piston 12 is extended. The cylinder 9 in the packing zone 14 is filled through the valve 10 with atmospheric air. Valve 8 opens, 7 closes. Under the disk 2, the water pressure of the tailrace is set, , Above the disk 2 of the headroom P ₁ , and during the lowering of the disk 2, the pressure difference, and hence the force of movement, is constant, as can be seen from the graph in FIG. 2 ( D P = const). On the other hand, the required compression force increases as the piston 12 moves. In the proposed device, at an initial time, the work is distributed between gas compression and water dispersal in the outlet part of the duct 6. As the pressure in the cylinder 9 of the compressor 5 increases, the displacement resistance of the disk 2 increases and The travel speed is reduced.

Due to the braking of the liquid column in the channel 6, under the disk 2, a reduced pressure , Which allows you to return the work that was previously spent on overclocking the water.

Using the kinetic energy of the liquid allows, on the one hand, to harmonize the compression forces of the gas and the fluid pressure, and on the other hand, to reduce the time of transient processes, to increase the productivity of the device.

As the cylinder 9 of the compressor 5 moves, the piston 12 moves in, displacing the liquid 23 inside the packing 14; The air in the gaps between the wires is compressed. The heat released is transferred to the packing 14, so that the compression occurs isothermally. As the filling volume 14 is filled, the liquid removes the stored heat from it.

When the pressure of the receiver 15 reaches the air, the valve 11 opens and compressed air enters through the hose 20 into the receiver 15, when the piston 12 is further displaced after the compressed air has been completely expelled, part of the working fluid flows into the receiver 15. The compressed air from the receiver 15 is continuously supplied to the consumer 18, The liquid is cooled by transferring heat to the heat exchanger 17 and through the valve 21 and the hose 22 is returned to the cylinder of the compressor 19 during the air suction.

The auxiliary coolant is pumped to the consumer 18 by compressing and expanding the bellows tube of the box 16 by pulsating the working fluid and heating it in the heat exchanger 17.

The introduction of liquid into the piston compressor allowed to reduce the compression work due to the realization of the isothermal process, to eliminate the dead volumes, and consequently to realize any compression ratio, to transfer the compression heat to the consumer and adapt the compression process to the change in the piston stroke or to the displacement of its average position.

After the compression is finished, the position of the valves 7 and 8 is reversed. The disk 2 rises due to the action of the float 4, the volume of the channel 6 under the disk 2 is filled with water through its inlet (P ₂ P ₁ ). The cycle closes.

The claimed machine, due to the advantages described above, has a higher efficiency (40% more than the known).

CLAIM

A water energy conversion machine comprising a pair of a cylinder-piston, one of which elements is fixed to a support, and the other is located on the water surface by means of a float connected thereto, the cylinder being filled with a working fluid and comprising an input and an output device for further energy transfer , Characterized in that the piston is fixed to the support, and the float is mounted on the outer surface of the cylinder, the container is made in the form of a receiver connected to the inlet and outlet openings of the cylinder through the valves, the machine comprises a jumper for dividing the volume of water into two parts with different levels, On the higher water level side, a cylinder, piston and channel are provided, containing movable baffles at the entrance and exit, the outlet of the channel being in the form of a hole located at the bottom of the bridge, the inlet is located below the water level, and the upper part of the channel is rigidly connected to the cylinder and Is connected to the ends of the inlet and outlet of the channel and its walls by means of an elastic membrane.

2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for further energy transfer is made in the form of the heat of the bellows box and the heat exchanger in series with the consumer.

3. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder and / or the receiver are partially filled with a working fluid.

4. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the float is mounted to facilitate the outer side surface of the cylinder.

5. Machine according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the upper part of the cylinder is located a material with a high thermal conductivity with the possibility of penetration of the working fluid into its volume.

6. Machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, as a material with high thermal conductivity, it contains a crumpled metal wire.

print version
Date of publication 04.04.2007gg

NEW ARTICLES AND PUBLICATIONS
	The technology of manufacturing universal couplings for unbreakable, threadless, flossless connection of pipe sections in high pressure pipelines (video is available )
	Technology of oil and oil products cleaning
	On the possibility of moving a closed mechanical system at the expense of internal forces
	Fluorescence in thin dielectric channels
	The relationship between quantum and classical mechanics
	Millimeter waves in medicine. A New Look. MMV therapy
	Magnetic engine
	Heat source based on pump units