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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2253039

ENERGY TRANSFORMER OF THE FLUID ENVIRONMENT (OPTIONS)

The name of the inventor: Aliev A.S. (RU); Aliyeva B.Z.
The name of the patent holder: Aliyev Abdulla Sirazhutdinovich (RU); Alieva Beshanum Ziyadovna
Address for correspondence: 367003, Makhachkala, 1 st Sadoviy per., 8 "b", AS Aliyeva
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.01.31

The invention relates to the field of wind and hydropower and can be used to generate wind and hydropower and convert them into electricity. The technical result consists in simplifying the design of the converter and increasing the power and sensitivity to weak wind and water flows. The converter contains interconnected platforms installed on a circular path, each of which, in turn, includes a kinematically connected trolley (trolley) and a blade (sail). In addition, the transducer contains a vertical post and a direction indicator (weather vane), and each platform contains an additional node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade, interacting with the blade and the direction indicator (weathercock). In addition, the stand has asterisks and two direction indicators (weather vanes) in the converter, the sprockets are connected to each other by a chain and interact with the corresponding cam disks and direction indicators (weather vanes) installed on two mutually opposite platforms. In addition, the transducer contains a central sprocket and sprockets with asterisks mounted on each platform, with the sprockets of all platforms connected by a chain with a central sprocket that is fixed with the direction indicator (weather vane) or with the clamp of the angular position.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of wind and hydropower and can be used to convert the energy of a fluid (wind or water) into electrical energy.

A fluid energy converter is known, comprising interconnected platforms mounted on a circular path, each of which in turn includes a kinematically connected trolley (trolley) and a blade (sail) (see eg SU, 1275114 A1, cl. 7 F 03 D 5/04, 07.12.1986), on a set of essential features adopted for the closest analogue of the invention (prototype).

The disadvantages of the known converter are the complexity of the design and low efficiency.

The technical result consists in simplifying the design of the energy converter and a significant increase in power commensurate with the thermal or hydraulic stations, which is provided by the fact that the fluid energy converter comprising interconnected platforms mounted on the circular path, each of which in turn includes kinematically The trolley (s) and the blade (sail) according to the invention further comprise a vertical post and a direction indicator (weather vane), and each platform comprises an additional knob for changing the orientation and fixing the blade position, interacting with the blade and the direction indicator (weather vane).

The blade change and orientation fixing unit comprises a coupling sleeve, a two-cam disk, a first and a second magnet, and two support rollers cooperating with the disc cams, the upper coupling half being fixedly connected to the blade mounted on the stand, rotatable to 90 °, And the lower one is rigidly connected to the cam disk, spring-loaded and mounted on the stand with the possibility of longitudinal displacement along it, in addition, the first magnet is connected to the blade and interacts with a second magnet connected to the platform body.

The blade change and orientation fixing unit comprises a cam disc, support rollers, a first, a second coupling coupling and a support bar mounted to freely rotate about a vertical axis aligned with the axis of the posture vane post, at the ends of which the vertical posts are symmetrically mounted , On which the blades are pivotably pivotable to 90 ° in mutually opposite directions, with the lower coupling couplers mounted on the vertical racks of the blades with the possibility of longitudinal displacement along them, interact with the cams of the disc with the rollers hinged to the platform, and the upper ones Coupling hubs are fixedly connected to the corresponding half of the blades.

The pivot orientation and fixing unit further comprises kinematically connected and cooperating drums and a spring-loaded rod connected to a cone shaped weather vane, the upper clutch hubs associated with the blades cooperating through the rods and drums with a spring-loaded bar and by means of a rope- With the direction indicator (weathercock).

The weather vane is made in the form of a truncated cone, mounted with a possibility of longitudinal displacement on the horizontal arm of the column, and is connected through a cable with a spring-loaded rod that interacts with inclined grooves in the drums, the restrictive grooves of which interact with the first and second blades through the respective restrictive rods and bearing sleeves.

The pivoting and fixing position of the blade includes first and second coupling clutches, first and second springs, a cam disc with two cams and four limit stops, and a clutch plate and stop levers, the upper first and lower second coupling hubs being fixedly connected to the blade Mounted on the stand with the possibility of free rotation, and the first lower half of the coupling is rigidly connected to the cam disk, spring-loaded and mounted on the stand with the possibility of vertical displacement along it, in addition, the upper coupling half is spring-loaded and fixedly connected to the clutch disk cooperating with the second spring With a platform and a lever mounted motionlessly on the second upper coupling coupling, while the weather vane, made in the form of a truncated cone, interacts with the cam disk.

The blade orientation change and fixation unit comprises a first and second center sprockets fixedly mounted on the central post, the first and second central sprockets interacting through the newly introduced first and second chains and the first and second sprockets, upper and lower second coupling couplers with blades of diametrically opposed platforms, The sprockets are installed at the two ends of the rocker arm coaxially with the lower second coupling spring-loaded couplings, in addition, the first central sprocket is 1.5 times larger than the first sprockets and through the second central spring interacts with the rotating supports, and the second sprockets are fixedly mounted on the root Parts of the blade arms of all platforms, the upper second coupling half-couplings through the arms and the cylinders with the vertical and horizontal grooves cooperating with the respective blades and cam discs, the rotating supports through the gears being kinematically connected to the generator (pump).

At the ends of the rocker, with the help of supports, the lower magnets are fixedly fixed, interacting with the upper magnets fixed on non-magnetic disks, fixed motionlessly on the first (lower) asterisks.

The ends of the rocker are made in the form of double forks with fixed lower magnets at their lower ends and the first heads and the upper magnets connected to them, which interact with the lower magnets, are mounted on the upper heads, while the lower chain kinematically connects the first asterisks with the central first sprocket On one axis with the direction indicator of the flow of the medium and the fixation of the angular position.

In the fluid energy converter, in addition, stands with asterisks and two direction indicators (weather vane) are installed, the sprockets are connected to each other by a chain and interact with the corresponding cam disks and direction indicators (weather vanes) installed on two mutually opposing platforms.

The fluid energy converter further comprises a central sprocket and sprockets mounted on each platform, the sprockets of all platforms being connected by a chain to a central sprocket fixed to the direction indicator (weather vane) or to the angular position fixing.

- DRAWINGS -

THE ENERGY TRANSFORMER FUNCTIONS AS FOLLOWING

FIG. 1 shows a generalized design of one rotating power transducer platform 2. To operate the converter of such platforms 2 must be at least three. Depending on the power of the converter, their number can vary from three to twelve or more. Depending on the number of platforms 2, the radius of their rotational movement, the design of the circular road 1, the mutual connection of the platforms 2 with each other, and the location of the generator are established.

With relatively small and medium powers of the converter, the design shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 is the most acceptable. In this design, the platforms 2 rotate around the shaft of the central wheel installed in the center of the transducer. From the central shaft, the motion is transferred to an electric generator or a water pump. In this case, the rotating platforms 2 are performed on inflatable wheels moving along a circular asphalt track 1. The platforms 2 are connected by means of levers to the shaft of the central wheel and are connected to each other by means of couplers. The converter is a single unit.

At high powers, the converter of FIG. 1 includes rotating platforms 2 made in the form of a trolley with an electric generator moving along the circular railway 1. The windmill platforms 2 are connected to each other by means of flat hinges by rigid couplers. Depending on the power of the windmill, the number of platforms can vary from three or more. 9, the converter consists of six platforms.

Each platform of FIG. 1 is in the form of a trolley 2 on which a vertical stand 3 is mounted. On the stand 3, a flat blade 5 is mounted with the possibility of free rotation (rotation) around it. The upper end of the post 3 is connected to the weather vane 4 by means of a horizontal lever 6.

In the root part of the support 3 of the blade 5, a knot for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade 7 is installed.

2 shows the construction of the converter platform with the first embodiment of the orientation change unit and the fixation of the position of the blade 7. This platform design can be used in relatively small wind turbines (1-10 kW) where manual or automatic variation of the effective blade area and speed adjustment Rotation of the output shaft of the energy converter.

The windmiller platform of FIG. 2 functions as follows.

In this design, when the converter platforms rotate along a circular road at points a and b (see Fig. 9), the blade 5 changes its position in a weak wind by 90 °. At point a, the blade becomes perpendicular to the direction indicator (vane) 4, i.e. Direction of the wind. Further, this position of the blade is fixed throughout the entire time the platform moves on the active section of the trajectory of the avb.

At point 6, the blade 5 changes its position. The blade 5 rotates 90 ° clockwise, and its plane becomes along the direction of the fluid (wind), i. E. Coincides with the plane of the weather vane 4. This position of the blade 5 is fixed and maintained throughout the module's motion on the passive part of the trajectory bs.

The rotating platform 2 has the form of a parallelogram, a truncated pyramid or a cylinder, through the center of which there passes a vertical post 3 with a flat blade 5 pivoted on it. In the upper part, the leg 3 of the weather vane 4 passes into a horizontal (L-shaped) lever 6, Direction indicator (weather vane) 4. Weather vane 4 is in the form of a truncated cone or a flat shape and is attached to the vane stanchion 3 and to the lever 6. The vane 4 indicates the direction of the wind. The thrust bearing 12 is fitted with a bushing 10. A flat blade 5 is mounted on this abutment sleeve 10. The blade 5 is free to rotate about the leg 3 of the weather vane 4. The stand 3, in turn, and freely rotates with respect to the rotating platform (trolley) 2. For this , The post 3 is attached to the top 11 of the platform cover 2 and the flange 9 by means of thrust bearings 12 and covers 13.

The rotating platform 2 is mounted on inflatable wheels. The number of wheels can be reduced to two (or one). In this case, they are installed as bicycle wheels - one after another. In this case, the platform 2 is connected to the central wheel by means of the rod 33.

On each rotatable platform 2, a knot of orientation change and fixing of the position of the blade 7 is installed. This assembly comprises the structural elements 14-25.

The blade 5 is fixed to the mounting sleeve 10 and is rigidly connected to the upper coupling half 18.

The lower coupling half 17 is fixedly connected to the cam disc 14.

The height of the teeth of the half couplings (h ₁ ) is less than the height of the cams 15. The lower coupling half 17, fixedly connected to the disc 14, is movably mounted on the stand 3 and is vertically movable. The first coil spring 22 forces the lower coupling half 17 into engagement with the upper coupling half 18. To provide only the translational movement of the lower coupling half 17, it has a vertical groove 20 along which the guide pin 19 (or key) is guided. This finger 19 (key) is rigidly connected to the post 3 and defines the orientation of the weather vane 4.

In Fig. 2, the pin 19 is oriented at an angle of 90 ° with respect to the direction of the weather vane 4.

Thus, the angular position of the lower half-coupling 17 relative to the weather vane 4 does not change.

The length of the groove 20 must be greater than the height of the teeth h _{1 of the} coupling halves 17, 18. The spring 22 must provide the necessary engagement force of the said coupling halves 17 and 18.

To ensure an automatic change in the position of the blade 5 at two diametrically opposite points a and b of the trajectory of the platform 2 of the converter, the structural elements 1-32 are used. The lower half of the coupling 17 is fixedly connected to the cam disk 14. The cams 15 cooperate with the rollers 16.

The rollers 16 are oriented in a plane passing through the axes of the post 3 and the rod 33, i. E. Through the axis of the generator 94.

With this orientation of the plane of the rollers 16, this plane becomes perpendicular to the plane of the weather vane 4 only at the two defining points a and b of the trajectory of the platform along the circular path. The height of the cam ridge h ₂ 15 must be greater than the height of the teeth h _{1 of the} half-couplings 17, 18 without taking into account the gap between the coupling halves.

The lower half of the coupling 17 freely moves up and down along the post 3 and is spring-loaded by the spring 22. The spring 22 provides the coupling of the coupling halves 17, 18. The rotation of the blade 5 around the post 3 by ± 90 ° is achieved by the groove 21 in the mounting sleeve 10.

The rollers 16 are installed from diametrically opposite sides on the walls of the housing of the movable platform 8.

At points a and b of the trajectory of the platform 2 as a result of the interaction of the cams 15 with the rollers 16, the coupling half 17 is pressed downward and out of engagement with the upper coupling half 18.

After this, as a result of the interaction of the first 23 and second 24 magnets, the blade 5 rotates around the post 3 90 ° clockwise. With the aid of the first coil spring 22, the lower half-coupling 17 rises upward and again engages the upper half-coupling 18.

Thus, the orientation changes and the position of the blade is fixed relative to the position of the weather vane 4 after every half-turn of the rotation of the platform 2. At point a, the blade is oriented perpendicular to the direction of the weather vane 4, and at point b - along this direction.

At the points a or b of the trajectory of the moving platform 2, the position of the rollers 16 coincides with the position of the cams 15. The cams 15 cooperate with the rollers 16 and squeeze the lower coupling half 17 and disengage it from the upper coupling half 18.

The interaction of the magnets 23 and 24 at this moment causes the blade to rotate 90 ° counterclockwise.

In Fig. 9, the portion of the circular path avb is active, and the bass portion is passive. On the active site, the blade 5 is oriented perpendicular to the direction of the wind. The wind pressure on the blade 5 on the active section avb creates a torque transmitted through the rod 33 to the center wheel. The magnitude of the torque on the shaft of the central wheel is proportional to the wind speed V, the blade area S, the length of the rod 33 - more precisely, the distance from the axis of rotation of the central wheel to the axis of rotation of the blade 5.

On the passive part of the trajectory of the platform 2 along the circular path of the bass, the blades 5 are oriented along the direction of the wind, i.e. Coincide with the direction of the weather vanes. The orientation of the blades S varies automatically at points a and b. These points separate the active portion of the trajectory of platform 2 from the passive one. Changing the direction of the wind relative to the central wheel, and therefore the circular path 1, will cause point a and b to move along circular path 1. Active and passive sections will be displaced. In this case, a and b are the points where the diametric line coinciding with the direction of the wind crosses the circular path 1 along which the platforms 2 rotate.

Thus, for any wind direction on the active and passive halves of the circular path 1, the blades 5 are automatically oriented so as to take the maximum possible amount of wind energy.

The power of such an energy converter will depend on the power developed by the individual platform 2 and the number of connected platforms 2.

The most advantageous option is when the shaft of the central wheel is the shaft of the generator 94 or the water pump. If a screw water pump is used, there is no need to synchronize the rotation speed of the shaft of the converter's central wheel (windmill). When using a converter (windmill or hydraulic motor) in power plants, it is necessary to synchronize the speed of rotation of the output shaft with a change in wind speed. To solve this problem, a direction guide (weather vane) of conical shape 4 is used.

In this embodiment, the weather vane 4 and the orientation change and fixing unit of the blade 7 have significant differences from the design of the platform 2 with a flat direction indicator (weather vane) 4.

The direction indicator (weather vane) 4 is made in the form of a truncated cone 59 fixed by means of radial pillars 60 on a cylindrical sleeve 65. The hub 65 of the weather vane 4 is mounted on the horizontal tubular arm 64 and is able to move freely from the abutment 61 to the end of the lever 64. The lever 64 has At the end of the groove 66 along which the rod 67 freely moves. A cable 62 is attached to the center of the rod 67. The cable 62 extends along the axis of the horizontal tubular arm 64 and the vertical post 3. On the fracture where the cable 62 from the horizontal section passes to the vertical section, a block 31 The end of the cable 62 is fixed to the rod 30. The rod 30 is able to freely walk along the inner cavity of the vertical post 3. In this case, a rod 28 is installed in the lateral surface of the rod 30, which runs along an inclined groove in the bushing 26 with a restrictive stop.

Between the levers 32, connected to the support 3 of the weather vane 4 and the hub 26, a spring 29 is installed, which works on tension.

Spring-loaded through pin 27, rod 30 stretches a cable 62 that extends freely through the hole in the thrust washer and presses the weather vane 4 against the stop 61. The end surfaces of the weather vane 4 of the conical shape 59 are open to the wind. The wind pressure on the side surfaces of the weather vane 4 causes the weather vane 4 to orient with the horizontal lever 64 in the direction of the wind. It is known that the weather vane 4, having the shape of a truncated cone 59, is more sensitive to wind pressure than a flat one. The effective area of ​​the weather vane 4 is equal to the difference in the areas of the lower and upper end faces of the truncated cone:

S _eff = S _H -S _b = p R ² - p r ² = p (R ² -r ² ),

Where R and r are the radii of the lower and upper end faces of the cone of the weather vane 4.

As the wind speed increases, under its pressure, the weather vane 59 moves along the horizontal lever 64, the rod 67 then travels along the groove 66 and pulls the cable 62 and the associated rod 30. The rotary shaft 28 then moves along the inclined groove in the post 3 The interaction of the rod 28 with the inclined groove converts the translational motion of the rod 30, and consequently of the weather vane 4, into a proportional rotational motion of the finger around the axis of the column 3.

The pivot arm 28 runs along a vertical groove in the bushing 26 with a restrictive stop. The interaction of the shaft 28 with the groove in the sleeve 26 leads to rotation around the vertical axis within the range of 0-90 °.

By adjusting the geometric parameters of the weather vane 4, the parameters of the spring 29, the lengths of the levers 32 and the slope of the adjustment groove, and the height of the hub 26, it is possible to adjust the wind turbine so that it synchronizes the shaft rotation speed over a wide range of wind speed (4-40 m /from).

On the stand 3, a hinge 10 is pivotally mounted to fasten the blade 5. The flat blades 5 are fixed to the sleeve 10 motionlessly. Hinges can be made in the form of thrust bearings 12.

Since the blades 5 rotate around the posts 3 in the range of 0-90 °, a groove 21 is cut in the bush 10 along a circle of 90 °. The pin of the stopper 19 is fixedly fixed to the post 3 and runs along the groove 21, limiting the relative rotation of the blade 5.

The first magnet 23 (Nl-S1) is fixedly fixed to the mounting sleeve 10 of the blade 5 in the root portion. This magnet 23 interacts with a second magnet (N _in -Sc) 24 connected to the platform 2 and stationary.

The orientation of the blade 5 changes as a result of the interaction of the said magnets 23, 24 at points a and b of the trajectory of the platform 2 along the circular path 1.

In the active and passive sections of the platform 2 movement, the positions of the blade 5 are fixed and do not change. On the active site, the blade 5 is oriented perpendicular to the direction of the wind, and on the passive side it coincides with the direction of the weather vane 4, and consequently with the direction of the wind.

To fix the position of the blade, coupling half-couplings 17, 18 are used.

The upper coupling half 18 is rigidly connected to the blade 5 and the first magnet 23. The lower coupling half 17 by means of the spring 22 is engaged with the upper coupling half 18 and the position of the blade 5 is fixed relative to the plane of the weathervane 4. To move the lower coupling coupling half 17 upwards and downwards, The guide groove 20 along which the guide finger 19 runs. The pin 19 is fixedly connected to the post 3 and is oriented with respect to the plane of the weather vane 4 at an angle of 90 °. In the same plane are the cams 15 and two rollers 16 are installed.

When the platform 2 is moved along the circular path 1 twice during the rotation period at points a and b, the cams 15 cooperate with the rollers 16 mounted hingably on the body 8 of the platform 2.

At diametrically opposite points a and b of the trajectory of the platform movement, the orientation of the second magnet 24 fixedly mounted on the saucer 25 of the platform 2 is reversed. The saucer 25 is made of a non-magnetic material.

At these points, the rollers 16 cooperate with the cams 15 of the disk 14 and squeeze the coupling lower platform 17 and withdraw it from the engagement with the upper coupling 18.

At point a (see Fig. 7), the interaction of the second magnet 24 (N _in -Sc) with the first 23 (Nl -Sl) causes the blade 5 to be set to a position that is determined by the orientation of the stop limit in the sleeve c Groove 26 and slot 21 in the bushing 10. The orientation of the abutment in the hub 26, in turn, depends on the wind speed. The greater the wind speed, the greater the angle of rotation of the sleeve with the groove and the restrictor stop 26 from the neutral position corresponding to the minimum wind speed. Such an orientation system of the blade 5 provides for an automatic change in the effective area of ​​the blade 5 depending on the wind speed. With a weak wind, the plane of the blade 5 is perpendicular to the plane of orientation of the weather vane 4. As the wind speed increases, the effective area of ​​the blade 5 decreases. By adjusting the area of ​​the conical surface of the weather vane 4, the spring stiffness 29, the slope and shape of the groove in the rack 3 and the length of the levers 32, it is possible to synchronize the rotation speed of the output shaft of the windmill when the wind speed varies over a wide range.

Once the cams 15 are displaced relative to the position of the rollers 16, the spring 22 introduces the lower coupling half 17 into engagement with the upper 18, and the position of the blade relative to the weather vane is fixed throughout the active section of the aft.

At point 6 of the trajectory of the platform, the cams 15 again hit the rollers 16 and squeeze the lower coupling half 17. The height of the cams 15 should be such as to withdraw the coupling halves 17 and 18 from the coupling with each other.

The second magnet 24 (N _in -N _c ) interacts at point 5 with the first magnet 23 (N _n -S _l ). Such interaction of the magnets 23, 24 leads to the fact that the blade 5 is installed in the plane of orientation of the weather vane 4. This orientation of the blade 5 is fixed and maintained throughout the entire length of the path in the passive section bc of the trajectory of the platform 2 movement.

At points c and c, the orientation of the magnets 23, 24 does not play a special role in relation to each other. The orientation of the blade 5 relative to the weather vane 4 is fixed by the fixation point of the position 7, namely the coupling couplings 17, 18.

Thus, a change in the orientation of the plane of the blade 5 relative to the direction of the weather vane 4 and, consequently, the direction of the wind throughout the active and passive sections ensures the maximum selection of wind energy.

Setting the blade 5 perpendicular to the direction of the wind at low speed provides high sensitivity to weak wind currents, which increases productivity. The control of the blade along the relay switching circuit "0" or "1" is the most profitable energy source, therefore it is used to control the space solar sail.

With each rotation of the platform 2 around the central shaft by 180 ° at the points a and b of the trajectory of the platform 2, the blades 5 rotate 90 ° round their axes.

To provide such a rotation, the coupling halves 109, 110, the second spring 107, the restricting levers 104 cooperating with the stop limiters 106 mounted on the cam disk 14 are used.

The restraining arms 104 are fixedly mounted on the first upper half-coupling 18 in the plane of the blade 5, symmetrically to the axis of rotation thereof. At the ends of the restricting arms 104, special mechanisms (tips) are provided to allow lifting and lowering the extension fingers of the restricting fingers 130. A second cylindrical spring 107 is mounted above the arms 104. This spring 107 operates on twisting and compressing. The lower end of this spring 107 is connected to the clutch plate rigidly mounted on the second upper coupling half. The lower second coupling half is fixedly connected to the arms 104, and hence to the blade 5.

The upper end of the second spring 107 cooperates with the cover 11 of the platform 2.

As the platform 2 rotates about the central wheel, the coupling halves 109 and 110 are in engagement with each other.

During the half-cycle of the rotation of platform 2, the second spring in the points a and b is twisted in the active (abs) and passive (bs) sections of the trajectory. Then the coupling halves 109 and 110 come out of the clutch, the spring wound by 180 ° rotates the blade 5 around the vertical post 3 by an angle of + 90 °. To limit the angle of rotation of the blade 5, levers 104 and stop stops 106 are used.

Restraining stops 106 (4 pcs.) Are mounted on the disc with cams 14 through 90 ° from each other. The stopper stop protrusion 122 cooperates with the retractable leverage pin 130 and limits the rotation of the blade 5 every 90 °. This occurs at the time when the first coupling couplings 17 and 18 have not yet entered the grip with each other.

The height of the abutment 130 is slightly smaller than the height of the cams 15.

The wedge-shaped protrusion 123 of the limiter ensures a smooth extension of the pin 130. The pin 130 assumes two fixed positions. The finger 130 is the lower tip of the stem 121 (137). The stem 121 (137) thus travels in the inner cavity of the cup 120 and, with the help of the third (fifth) spring 131 (141), takes an extreme lower position.

In order to fix and lock the position of the finger extension mechanism 130, the cup 120 (136) has a rectangular end-like projection 127, and the stop stop 106 is fixedly connected by a screw 125 with a rectangular tip.

To secure the slide pin 130 in the up position, the beaker 120 and the stem 121 have a through-going lateral hole oriented along the axis of the lever 104. A fourth spring 135 is mounted in this hole and two symmetrical-sliding rollers 133 and balls 132 are provided on both sides. To prevent the balls 132 On the outside, the opening in the cup 120 (136) should be slightly rolled up. The diameter of the balls 132 should be equal to the wall thickness of the cup 120 (136) plus the width of the gap between the sleeve and the side tabs 124 of the limit stop 106. With these sizes of the balls 132, when the tip of the lever 104 (cup 120) passes between the side tabs 124 of the stop, And the stem 121 under the action of the third spring 131 goes to the lower position. In this case, the sliding finger 130 is lowered to the thickness of the abutment projection 120. The wedge-shaped projection 123 of the stop ensures a smooth extension of the pin 130. At a time when the rollers 16 are still in interaction with the cams 15, the wound second spring 107 moves the blade 5 to a new position, i.e., . Turns it 90 °. The finger 130 located at this moment in the lower position abuts the protrusion of the stopper 122. Then, when the cam disk is raised, the first half-couplings 17, 18 will engage in engagement with each other. In this case, the retractable pin 130, under the action of the cam disk 16, moves to the upper position, which is fixed by the sliding rollers 133. The spring loaded rollers 133 press the balls 132 and their blunt ends enter the opening walls in the cup 120. The upper fixed position of the stem 121, Is maintained until the jaws 15 again engage with the rollers 16 and cause the first half-couplings 17 and 18 to come out of engagement with each other. Here, the stop protrusion 122 descends and the beaker 120 with the raised stopper 130 freely passes between the side tabs 124 of the stopper 106.

The side tabs 124 push both balls 132 and the pull-out rollers 133 out of engagement with the walls of the cup 120. Under the influence of the third spring 131, the stem 121 moves to the lower position. This stem position is adjusted by the nut 126. The end protrusion 127 and the rectangular section of the upper end of the stem 121 determine the necessary orientation of the squeeze balls 132 relative to the side tabs 124. Thus, the rollers 133 retract the upper position of the stop pin 130.

The second spring, twisted by 180 °, turns the blade 90 °. To remove the residual stress of the second spring 107, it is necessary to turn the coupling disc in the opposite direction by 90 °.

For this, it is necessary to force the second coupling half-couplings 109, 110 to be forced out of engagement with each other. This should be done at a time when the cams 15 come out of contact with the rollers 16 and the disc, under the action of the right spring 22, rises to the upper position. In this case, the pushing pins 111 will lift the clutch disk 108 and the second upper coupling coupling 109 connected thereto. The second spring 107 wound (twisted) by this time at this time rotates the disc 108 in the opposite direction. The spring 107 becomes neutral. The ends of the pusher fingers 111 with the bearings 112 are buried in the two holes 144 of the clutch disc 108. The thickness of the disc h must be equal to the height of the cams 15, the height of the stop ridge 122 and the height of the teeth of the first and second clutch members 17, 18. To ensure torsional smoothness and release of the clutch Of the disc 108, at the ends of the pusher fingers 111, bearings 142 can be mounted and the disk 108 must have a wedge-shaped section 145. A mechanism for lifting and extending the pin 130. The rod 137 moves within the second cup 136 up and down. The finger 130 is the lower tip of the rod 137. The upper end of the rod 137 has a rectangular cross-section. The same section has an opening in the second beaker 136 that clamps the latches 139 against the protrusions within the cup 136. The latches 139 fix the upper position of the restricting pin 130. When the ends of the lever 104 pass between the side tabs 124 of the limiter, the buttons 138 on both sides press flat springs 140 And the latches 139 fixed at their ends. Under the action of the fifth spring 141, the rod 137 descends to its lowest position. This position is set by the adjusting nut 126. The end of the pin 130 extends by an amount equal to the height of the abutment 122, the cams 15 and the teeth of the first and second coupling clutches 17, 18.

After the cams 15 and the rollers 16 are retracted under the action of the first spring 22, the cam disk 14 rises. The coupling halves 17, 18 engage with each other and fix the position of the blade 5. The retractable pin 130 is supported by the protrusion 122 and delimits the rotation angle of the blade 5 every 90 °.

Under the action of the cam disc 14, the spring-loaded rod 137 rises upward and the latches 139 fix this position.

Pushers-pushers 143, which are the upper ends of the rods, raise the clutch disk 108 with the two holes 144 upward. In this case, the second coupling half-couplings 109, 110 come out of engagement with each other. A second coil 107 rotated by 90 ° rotates the disk 108 in the opposite direction by an angle of 90 °. To reduce friction losses, bearings can be mounted at the ends of the pushers 143.

After the second spring 107 has assumed a neutral position, the disc 108 must drop down to an amount equal to the height of the cams 15. To this end, the disc 108 has two openings 144 disposed at diametrically opposite sides in which the ends of the pusher fingers 143 with the bearings 142 The thickness of the disk 108 should be equal to the height of the cams h. To ensure smoothness when lowering the disc 108 from the moving side of the pusher fingers 143 to the openings 144, the section of the disk 128 is formed into a wedge shape 145.

After the disk 108 has lowered into the lower position, the second coupling half-couplings 109, 110 engage in engagement with each other. From this moment, the second coil spring 107 begins to spin.

The second spring 107 simultaneously works for both twist and compression. Under the action of this spring, the clutch disk 108 with the upper coupling half 109 is constantly pressed against the ends of the pusher fingers by bearings 112.

The first spring, which works to compress, engages the lower and upper half-couplings 17, 18 into engagement, and withdraws the second upper and lower coupling halves 109, 110 from the clutch. FIG. 28 shows the positions of the left (L) and right (L) 144 disk holes and The orientation of the blade 5 after each cycle of interaction of the cams with the rollers 16. The lower end of the second spring 107 enters the hole 146 of the clutch disc 108.

As can be seen from the figures, after each cycle the blade changes its orientation, rotates by 90 ° clockwise, i.e. In the direction of rotation of the platform. On the active site (abv), the blade is oriented perpendicular to the direction of the wind (weather vane), and on the passive (bsa) - along this direction.

To adjust the speed of rotation of the output shaft of the converter when the velocity of the medium (wind or water) changes, a direction indicator (cone-shaped) of the flow can be used. The operating principle of the weathercock is set forth above. The difference lies in the fact that as the speed of the medium (wind) flows, the bushing on which the blade 5 is fixed and the coupling hubs and levers are installed rotates relative to the plane of the weather vane (finger 19) by an angle of up to 45 °. The more the flow velocity of the medium, the greater the angle of rotation.

Moreover, the blade 5 is installed at an angle to the direction of the wind both in the active section of the trajectory of the platform 2 (abv) and passive (bsa).

By choosing the tension of the spring 118, the length of the levers 116, 18 and the displacement value of the weather vane 4, it is possible to synchronize (regulate) the speed of rotation of the output shaft of the converter over a wide range of flow velocity of the medium (wind). With a hurricane wind, the angle of rotation will be 45 °. The effective areas of the blades 5 on the active and passive sections become equal to each other and correspond to the value S _e = S ₀ · Cos · 45 °. The engine stops at this, self-braking occurs.

To convert the longitudinal motion of the weather vane 4 into the rotational motion of the hub with the blade 5, the following is used. The second lever 117 is fixedly connected to the core 115. The first arm 116, at the end of which the block 119 is mounted, is fixed to the leg 3 of the weather vane 4. The spring of the weather vane 118, which works by tension, is connected at one end to the end of the second arm 117, The horizontal lever of the weather vane 4. The spring 118 provides tension of the cable 62 and rotation of the second lever 117 to the stop. In this position of the lever 117, oriented in the cavity of the blade 5, the latter is installed perpendicular to the direction of the wind. With increasing wind speed, the weather vane 4 turns the first lever 116 and the associated blade 5 by an angle of j using the cable 62. This angle can vary from 0 to 45 °.

Flow direction indicators (weather vane) 4, made in the form of a truncated cone (or flat), can be installed only on two diametrically opposed platforms (carts) (see Fig. 32). In this case, the fluid pressure forces on the weather vane 4 create the moments of rotation of the same magnitude of opposite signs, which compensate each other.

The axes of rotation of these two weather vanes 4, connected with their asterisks, by means of a chain, transmit the rotation synchronously to all other asterisks. In this way, the orientation of the finger 19, and therefore of the plane of the location of the cams 15 relative to the direction of the wind (or water), is maintained. These structural transformations significantly simplify the energy converter and reduce its material consumption and cost.

The design of the blade change and orientation fixing unit (second variant) (see FIG. 4) differs from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 in that the blade 5 is divided into two equal halves. They are installed vertically and symmetrically with respect to the column 3 of the direction of the flow of the medium (weather vane) 4.

This option does not provide for the adjustment of the speed of rotation of the output shaft when the velocity of the medium (wind) changes. Blades 5 are installed on the relay circuit "0" or "1", i.e. On the active section abv, both halves of the blade 5 are installed perpendicular to the direction of the wind, and on the passive bsa - along this direction.

The principle of changing the orientation of each of the blade halves is similar to that described above in the description of the structure of FIG.

The difference lies in the design of the knot changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade 7.

In the root part of the pillar 3 of the direction indicator (weathervane) 4, a horizontal retaining bar 37 is fixedly fixed. At the ends of this bar, both vertical posts for both halves of the blade 5 are fixed symmetrically to the post 3 of the direction indicator 4. For this, each of the halves of the blade 5 is fixedly connected to the support Sleeve 45, pivotally mounted on the corresponding post. Each half of the blade 5 is rotatable to 90 ° towards each other, and vice versa (see Fig. 9). For this purpose, a special preliminary orientation of the magnets 49 and 50, mounted in the root part of the support sleeves of the right and left halves of the blades 5 and on the base of the platform 2 (see FIG. 17) is used.

To limit the angle of rotation of the sleeves 45 (blades) by an angle of ± 90 ° around the rotation axes 38, special shaped brackets interacting with stops at the ends of the retaining bar 37 (see Fig. 10) are used.

The orientation of each of the halves of the blade 5 is changed at the points a and b of the trajectory of the platform 2 movement (FIG. 9). For this purpose, a disc 42 with two cams 43 located on diametrically opposite sides is used. With this disc, the lower coupling couplings 47 are fixedly connected. The upper coupling couplings 46 are fixedly connected to the support sleeves 45 on which the first and second halves of the blades 5 are fixed. The second coil spring 41, mounted between the retaining bar 37 and the disk 42, introduces the coupling halves 46 and 47 in engagement with each other and fixes the position of the halves of the blade 6 throughout the entire movement of the platform 2 in the active and passive sections of the trajectory. The orientation of the two halves of the blade 5 is changed at the points a and b of the trajectory of motion.

At these points, the cams 43 cooperate with the rollers 44 rotating around their axes. The height of the cams 43 should be greater than the height of the teeth of the coupling halves 46 and 47. The interaction of the cams 43 with the rollers 44 removes the coupling halves from engagement with each other. At this point, the magnets 50 mounted on the base of the movable platform will be under the magnets 49 connected to the right and left halves of the blade 5 (see FIG. 17).

To ensure the necessary opposite direction of rotation of the left and right halves of the blade 5, the magnets 49 and 50 are set at a small angle (15 ° -30 °) to each other.

After a half-period of rotation of platform 2 at point b, the magnets 50 (N _in -Sc), mounted on platform 2 (trolley), change their orientation to the opposite direction, and the magnets associated with the blades (N-S) retain the same orientation.

The interaction of said magnets 49, 50 with each other results in the fact that the halves of the blade 5 rotate in opposite directions and are installed parallel to each other along the direction of the wind.

The weather vane 4 can have a flat or conical shape. Together with the direction indicator (weathervane) 4, it maintains its orientation relative to the direction of the wind, the retaining bar 37 and the disk 34 rotating relative to the platform body. This disk 34 rotates on rollers (or balls) along the platform cover 35, which has a circular technological recess for assembling the orientation unit and Fixing the position of the blade 7.

5 shows a third embodiment of the orientation changing and fixing part 7 of the blade 5. In this embodiment, additional features 51-58 are introduced into the said node 7. In addition, the flow direction indicator (weather vane) 4 is made in the form of a truncated cone mounted on the horizontal arm 6 with the possibility of longitudinal displacement depending on the wind speed.

This variant of the design of platform 2 allows to automatically adjust the speed of rotation of the output shaft of the converter when the velocity of the medium (wind) changes.

Adjustment of the rotational speed of the output shaft of the converter is carried out by changing the effective area of ​​the blade 5 depending on the speed of the medium (wind) flow. The higher the wind speed, the smaller the effective area of ​​the blade 5 should be.

This adjustment is achieved by the fact that the conical weather vane, similarly to the first variant of the platform design, pulls the rod 53 upward with a cable 62. In a weak wind, the third cylindrical spring 52 mounted on the bushing 51 removes the rod 53 along the vertical groove 54 to its lowest position . The ends of the rod 53 move along the inclined slots 56 in the left and right drums 55. The interaction of the rod 53 with the inclined slots 56 of the reels 55 leads to the rotation of the latter around the axes 38. From the border in the directions of the slots 58, the rotation of the left and right reels 55 occurs in a one- Opposite directions. At the same time, the higher the wind speed, the greater the angle of rotation of the reels 55 relative to the initial (zero) position. In the lower ends of the drums 55 there are restrictive grooves 58. These slots 58 cover 90 ° along the circumference of the lower end of each drum 55. The end of the L-shaped restricting pin 57 moves along the restricting groove 58. The other end of the restricting pin 57 is fixedly connected to the upper half- The supporting sleeve 45 of the half of the blade 5.

This leads to the fact that each half of the blade 5 rotates about its axis not by 90 °, but less. Thus, the left and right halves of the blade 5 are positioned at an angle to each other. The effective area of ​​the blade 5, perpendicular to the direction of the wind, decreases. Thus, the effective area of ​​the blade 5 varies inversely with the wind speed.

When there is no need to automatically adjust the rotational speed of the output shaft of the converter, for example, when converting the energy of the river's water, the design of the node can be greatly simplified.

Weathervane 4 can be made flat and motionless. The end of the cable 62 can be fixed to the rod, installed along the inner cavity of the vertical post 3, with a locking screw. The locking screw with the rod moves along the vertical groove and sets the necessary speed of rotation of the output shaft of the converter, changing the effective area of ​​the two halves of the blade 5. A special scale of the set working speed of the fluid (wind) can be applied to the vertical groove.

To control the speed of rotation of the output shaft of the converter, instead of a conical weathervane, in the constructions of FIGS. 2 and 4, a classical centrifugal speed governor can be used (FIG. 7).

The rotational movement of the wheels 78 of the platform 2 by means of a pair of bevel gears 77, a vertical, horizontal rods 76 and a disk 69 is transferred to a centrifugal speed controller 68. The inner fixed bearing ring 79 on which the speed controller is mounted is fixed to the end of the vertical post 3.

The slider 70 on the regulator 68 moves freely around the post 3. The slider 70 has a groove through which the finger 71 passes.

As the slider 70 moves up and down, the finger 71 moves along the vertical groove 72. To pass the rod 76 through the center of the vertical leg 3, the finger 71 is cut into two halves and passed through the sleeve 73. A similar sleeve 74 passes through the two halves of the rod 53 (FIG. 5 ). The sleeves 73 and 74 are connected to each other by cables 75. As the wind speed increases, the speed of rotation of the wheels 78 increases, which leads to an increase in the rotation speed of the centrifugal regulator 68 and the movement of the slider 70 upward. The slider 70 pulls up the rod 53 connected to it. The rod 53, in turn, acting through the reels 55 on the left and right half of the blade 5, changes their effective area. Thus, similar to the variant with a friction cone-shaped weather vane 4 (see FIG. 5), the output shaft of the power converter is automatically adjusted.

The design of the energy converter allows it to be used to convert the energy of the flowing water of a river or sea waves. FIG. 8 shows a wind turbine design installed in a river or sea.

Stand 81, mounted in a concrete block, is installed on the bottom of the river or the sea. The retractable stand 82 allows adjustment of the installation height of the blades 5 of the converter. Above the thrust bearing 83 are mounted supports 84 for each platform 2 separately. The knots for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade 7 are located inside the sealed bodies 92 of a streamlined shape.

The central shaft 85 is mounted on a vertical stand 3 and connected by horizontal levers with hermetic housings 92. The airtightness of the housings facilitates their weight and protects the internal components of the structure from corrosion. Centrifugal speed controllers can be used to adjust the rotational speed.

To transmit the energy of the rotational motion of the output shaft 85 to the electric generator 94 (or pump), the driving 86 and the driven 87 conical gears are used. The electric generator 94 is mounted on a stand 93 welded to the end of the retractable pillar 82.

To transfer rotation to the centrifugal speed controller 68, pairs of bevel gears 88, 89, 90 and rod 91 are used. In other respects, the speed control is carried out in a manner similar to that of FIG. 7 and FIG. 5. FIG.

The energy converter design shown in FIG. 8 allows it to be suspended above the flow of the river by lowering only the blades during the flow.

The operating principle of the sixth variant of the design of the orientation change and fixing unit of the blade in Fig. 33 is different in that rotation of the platform 2 around the central axis of the converter is used to change the orientation of the blade (see Fig. 31, Fig. 32).

26, the principal difference is that, in order to change the orientation of the two halves of the blade 5, instead of the interaction of the magnets 49, 50, the twisting energy of the second spring 164 is used.

The internal sprockets 158 are mounted in place of the upper magnets 49 coaxially with the axes of rotation of the halves of the blade 5. On the rotation axis of the support bar 37, the upper upper 159, lower 160 of the semi-star and the clutch disc 161 are fixedly connected to each other.

The asterisks 158 interact with the semi-stars 159 and 160 with the help of the inner chain 162. At the same time, the semi-stars 159, 160 are oriented relative to one another so that when the top half 159 is engaged with the chain 162, the lower 160 is in the neutral (disconnected) position and vice versa .

The upper and lower semi-stars are installed on different levels above each other. The asterisks complement each other to a full circle (see Fig. 34). In this case, the chain covers the first and second sprockets and semi-stars 159-160 so that when the clutch disk 161, and consequently the clocks 159-160 clockwise, the sprockets rotate in opposite directions.

FIG. 34 is a top view of the kinematic relationship between the asterisks and the half-stars using chain 162. The chain takes the form of Ґ. Half-stars in turn enter into engagement with chain 162. At the same time, at points a and b of the trajectory of movement of platform 2, the direction of rotation of chain 162 changes to the opposite.

As the platform 2 rotates around the central wheel (or vertical stand), the second spring 164 is twisted 180 ° with respect to the coupling disk 161. The coupling disk 161 is fixedly connected to the half-stars.

At points a and b, where the active and passive sections of the trajectory of the platform 2 are bordered, due to the interaction of the jaws 43 with the squeeze rollers 44, the coupling halves 46, 47 come out of engagement with each other. At this point, the direction of rotation of the chain 162 changes and the orientation of the two halves of the blade 5 changes.

Each of the halves of the blade 5 rotates about its axis in opposite directions by an angle of 90 °. For this, it is necessary that the diameter of the sprockets (D) be twice as large as the diameter of the semi-stars (d), i.e. D = 2d.

The twisted spring 164 provides the necessary switching and smoothness of the transition of the halves of the blade to a new position. On the rotation axis 166 of the support bar 37 (weathervane) 4, an external sprocket 165 is fixedly mounted.

By means of an external chain 163, the asterisks of all the platforms 2 are connected to each other (see FIG. 31). In this case, there is no need to install a weather vane 4 on each platform 2. The weather vanes 4 can only be mounted on two diametrically opposed platforms 2 (see Fig. 32).

If the direction of the flow of the medium is constant and does not change in time (for example, the direction of the flow of the river), then there is generally no need to install a direction indicator (weather vane). In this case, the direction and velocity of the flow of the medium can be set by the angle indicator of the blade 155 and the lock 154 (see FIG. 30).

In general, when the flow rate of the medium changes, a cone shaped cone shape and the structures of FIGS. 2, 5 and 14 can be used to stabilize the rotational speed of the output shaft of the transducer.

Moreover, in order to stabilize the rotational speed of the output shaft of the energy converter, the classical speed control regulator in FIG. 7 can be used, which interacts with a hydraulic braking system similar to the vehicle braking system. In the case of a change in the braking force of the system from the amount of displacement of the speed controller slider 70, it is possible to synchronize the speed of rotation of the output shaft of the converter over a wide range of changes in the flow velocity of the medium.

The design of the orientation change and fixation unit of the blade position in FIG. 29 is based on the use of a single-piece integral blade, similar to the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.

The energy converter comprises a fixed metal stand 167. The stand is necessary to lift the energy converter to a safe height.

The entire converter design rotates on the mounting ring 168 and the thrust bearing 169. The drive gear 170 is mounted above the thrust bearing and is fixedly connected to the horizontal fan-shaped supports 172.

28, the transducer comprises six horizontal supports, mounted fan-shaped through 60 ° from each other. The supports 173 are fixed to the ends of the supports. On these supports 173, the bodies of the platforms 173 are fixed. The stability of the converter body structure of the platforms 174 is connected to the central pillar by means of horizontal supports 175 arranged and fan-shaped, which are hinged to the leg 3 of the weather vane 4. For this purpose The bearing 176 is used.

Rotation of the platforms 2 with the help of the master and driven gears 171 is transmitted via a reducer to a generator (or pump) 177.

In the root of the leg of the weather vane 3, the direction of the flow direction of the medium 178 (the angle of the weather vane orientation) is set, and the fixation of the angular position 179.

They are necessary if the direction of the flow of the medium is constant. This direction can be set once and fixed. In this case, there is no need to install a wind vane 4.

When the direction of the flow of the medium changes, the weather vane 4 is rotated and installed along this direction.

Along the direction of the weather vane 4, the rocker 180 and the first (lower) sprockets 181 and the first (lower) chain 182 are fixedly fixed to the post 3. The central first sprocket 183 and is fixedly fixed to the post 3.

The centers of the first lower asterisks 181 coincide with the positions of the points a and b, where the orientation of the blade 5 changes.

Regardless of the number of pairs of rotating platforms 2, the energy converter is provided with only one rocker 180 and one pair of sprockets 181.

The same simplification of the construction can be achieved using a single beam in the constructions of Figs. 2, 4, 5, where magnets are used to change the orientation of the blade (s) (see Fig. 38).

The head of the rocker arm 180 in FIG. 29 includes a cup 184 inside which the stem 185 and the spring first 186 are mounted. The lower end of the rod 185 has a rectangular cross section that prevents angular displacement and provides only the translational movement of the spring-loaded rod 185. At the lower end of the stem 185, 181, and on the upper one the second lower coupling half 187. The upper second coupling half 188 is connected by means of the bracket 189 to the mounting sleeve 45, on which the blade 5 is fixed.

Clutch coupling 188 used in all versions of the converter design can be made in the form of splines with a rectangular or triangular tooth profile. Hubs and clips of splined half couplings are used as lower and upper coupling couplings.

The bracket 189 is displaceable in the vertical direction and cooperates with the cam disk 42. The bracket 189 is connected to a cylinder that has a vertical groove along which the finger guide 191 is guided.

At points a and b, the trajectories of rotation of the platforms 2 around the driving gear 170 of the cams 43 hit the rollers 44. As a result, the cam disk 42 moves downward and inserts the second (lower) coupling halves 187, 188 into engagement with each other. In this case, the sprockets 181 come out of engagement with the rocker arms, the spring wound by 60 ° causes the central first sprocket 183 to rotate.

This sprocket, with the help of the first chains 182 and sprockets 181, rotates the blade 5 at the point a clockwise, and at the point b - counterclockwise the angle + 90 °.

The diameter of the first central sprocket 183 should be 1.5 times the diameter of the sprockets 181 installed at the ends of the rocker arm.

With such ratios, the diameter of the sprockets of the blade 5 changes its orientation by an angle of + 90 °.

After this, the cams 43 exit the engagement with the rollers 44, and the disc 42 rises upward. The upper half-couplings 46, 47 fix the position of the blade. In addition, the sprockets 181 are engaged by the first springs 186 into engagement with the headers of the rocker arm 180, and the second central spring 193 is again twisted and gaining energy.

The cylinder 190 provides lifting and lowering of the bracket 189 and the upper upper second engagement coupling 188 fixed thereto. To prevent angular displacement of the coupling half 188 with respect to the vane insert, the second pin 192 fixedly fixed in the bush 45 and the vertical slot 194 in the cylinder serve.

The upper horizontal groove 195 in the cylinder and the second pin 192 provide an unobstructed rotation of the bracket and the associated blade relative to the cam disk 42 by an angle of + 90 °.

To orient the position of the cam disk 42 with respect to the direction of flow of the medium, i. E. The direction of the weather vane, the principle of operation described in the description of the construction in FIGS. 30, 31, 32 and 35 is used.

On the post 3 of the weather vane 4, the second central sprocket 196 is fixed and stationary. By means of the second chain 197, the orientation of the weather vane 4 is synchronously transmitted to the cam disks 42 of all the platforms.

For this purpose, the second upper sprockets 198 are mounted fixedly in the root of the axes of rotation of the cam discs 14 of each platform 2. Here, the second chain 197 couples the second sprockets 198 similarly to the schemes shown in FIGS. 31 and 32.

The weather vane 4 can be mounted on two diametrically opposite platforms (see Fig. 32). If the flow direction of the medium is constant and the flow velocity of the medium does not change, then the design of the converter can be substantially simplified. In the application of weather vanes, the need for this disappears. The direction of orientation of the second (upper) central sprocket 196 is manually set by means of the flow direction indicator of the medium 178 and fixed by the angular position (bolt) lock 179. The zero pointer position corresponds to the nominal flow velocity of the river. At a higher water flow speed, the direction indicator 178 is moved to another fixed position. The greater the speed of the river, the greater the angle of rotation of the indicator. In this case, the effective area of ​​the blade on the active site decreases, and on the passive increases. This leads to a reduction in the rotational speed of the shaft of the generator (pump) 177. Thus, the speed of rotation of the generator shaft is regulated.

If the stepper motor (DC motor with gearbox) is installed on the axis of the direction indicator 178 and the control pulses from the computer are fed to it, the number, size and sign of which depends on the direction and magnitude of the flow velocity of the medium (water or wind), it is possible to synchronize the speed of rotation of the generator 177 for any directions and velocities of the medium flow.

Fig. 37 shows the construction of the second embodiment of the rocker 199, where magnets are used to change the orientation of the blades (see Figures 2, 4, 5). The ends of rocker arm 200 for the single blade of FIG. 38 and the two halves 201 (FIG. 38) have the same structures.

From the tip of the rocker shown in FIG. 28, the handpieces 200 and 201 differ only in that the upper magnets 202 are positioned under the sprockets 181. These magnets 202, when engaging the coupling halves 187, 188, interact with the lower magnets 203 to rotate the blade 5 by an angle ± 90 °. The lower magnets 203 are fixedly mounted on the lower supports 204. Attachment of the upper magnet 201 to the sprocket 181 can be effected by a disk 205 of non-magnetic material on which the magnet can be fixed and glued.

The rocker 199 changes its orientation simultaneously with the weather vane, since they are fixed motionless on one axis. 31 and 32 are also applicable to converter designs where the rocker arms 199 are used in FIGS. 37 to 41. The orientation of the fixed magnets on the lower supports coincides with the orientation of the magnets 50 (left) and 50 (right) at points a and B in FIGS. 16 and 17. Here, the initial orientation of the upper magnets 201 must coincide with the orientation of the magnets 49 (left) and 49 (right) at the same points a and b at the two ends of the rocker 199 (see Fig. 16 and 17). Thus, the use of a rocker with twin tips (196) allows simultaneous switching of the four halves of the blades 5 at the defining points a and b (see Fig. 9).

After transferring the blade 5 (or its halves) to a new position, the upper magnets 202 (position 49 in Figures 16 and 17) must be returned to their original position. They should be turned in the opposite direction to an angle of 90 °. For this purpose, the first central sprocket 183, the chain 184 and the sprockets 181 are kinematically connected. The scheme of their kinematic connection is the same as that of Fig. 37.

When using a twin-head rocker in FIG. 32, the kinematic relationship of the central sprocket to the sprockets 181 becomes more complicated (see FIG. 40). This scheme of returning the four magnets to the original position corresponds to the orientation of the four magnetic pairs in FIGS. 16 and 17.

This design of the energy converter makes it possible to save considerably on the number of magnets used. Instead of the required 24 pieces in FIG. 5, only 8 pieces are used. The number of weather vanes is reduced to 1 pc. Instead of the necessary 6 pcs.

This decrease in the material consumption and the cost of the energy converter can become a decisive factor in its industrial introduction into batch production.

The use of a chain drive for synchronous orientation of the cam position of all platforms relative to the flow of the medium makes it possible in all the designs in FIGS. 4, 5, 8, 20, 33 and 35 to abandon the installation of the weather vanes 4, leaving only the legs 3 of the two halves of the blades 5 (see FIG. 20). In FIG. 31, the leg 3 of the weather vane 4 is mounted in the center of the transducer. In FIG. 32, the weather vanes 4 with the respective legs 3 are installed only on two diametrically opposite platforms 2.

Thus, using the kinematic connections shown in FIGS. 31 and 32 in all the constructions in FIGS. 4, 5, 8, 20, 33 and 35, it is possible to abandon the central legs of the weather vane 4. This results in a reduction in the material capacity and laboriousness, and hence , And the cost of the energy converter as a whole.

In addition, the central shaft can be mounted horizontally (see FIG. 42). In this case, the platforms 2 will rotate in a vertical plane. Finally, based on this design, transducers can be created in which both the energy of the flowing water of the river (sea) and the wind are used simultaneously (see FIG. 20).

For this purpose, a second central shaft and a second stage of the platform with blades must be planted on the same stop 81. The second tier will convert the wind energy. Rotation from two central shafts with the help of pairs of bevel gears and special overrunning roller clutches can be transferred to one electric generator (or pump). In this case, the generator will simultaneously operate from two sources of motion (1st and 2nd tiers) of the blades. Such a dual converter will work more efficiently and efficiently.

CLAIM

1. A fluid energy converter comprising: interconnected platforms mounted on a circular path, each of which in turn includes a kinematically connected trolley (trolley) and a blade (sail), characterized in that in addition the transducer comprises a vertical post and a direction indicator (weather vane ), And each platform contains an additional node for changing orientation and fixing the position of the blade, interacting with the blade and the direction indicator (weathercock).

2. The fluid energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade position change and fixation unit comprises a coupling sleeve, a two-cam disk, first and second magnets and two support rollers cooperating with the disc cams, the upper coupling half-coupling Is fixedly connected to the blade mounted on the stand with the ability to rotate up to 90 °, and the lower one is rigidly connected to the cam disk, spring-loaded and mounted on the post with the possibility of longitudinal displacement along it, in addition, the first magnet is connected to the blade and interacts with the second magnet connected With the platform body.

3. The fluid energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade orientation change and fixing unit comprises a cam disc, support rollers, a first, second coupling and a support bar mounted freely to rotate about a vertical axis combined with Axis of the column of the direction indicator (weather vane) at the ends of which are symmetrically mounted vertical racks on which the pivots are pivotably rotatable to 90 ° in mutually opposite directions, the lower coupling couplings mounted on the vertical racks of the blades with the possibility of longitudinal displacement thereon, Interact with the help of disc cams with rollers hinged to the platform, and the upper coupling half-couplers are fixedly connected to the corresponding half of the blades.

4. The fluid energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade position changing and fixing unit further comprises kinematically connected and cooperating drums and a spring-loaded rod connected to the conical shape of the weather vane, the upper coupling coupling halves being fixed With blades, interact through rods and drums with a spring-loaded bar, and by means of a rope - with a direction indicator (weather vane).

5. The fluid energy converter according to claim 4, characterized in that the weather vane is in the form of a truncated cone, arranged for longitudinal displacement on the horizontal arm of the column, and is connected through a cable with a spring-loaded rod that cooperates with the inclined grooves in the drums, Which through the respective restrictive rods and bearing sleeves interact with the first and second blades.

6. The fluid energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade position changing and fixing unit comprises first and second coupling couplings, first and second springs, a cam disk with two cams and four limit stops, and a clutch plate and restrictive The upper first and lower second coupling couplings are fixedly connected to the blade mounted on the post with the possibility of free rotation, and the first lower half of the coupling is rigidly connected to the cam disk, spring-loaded and mounted on the post with the possibility of vertical displacement along it, The coupling half is spring-loaded and fixedly connected to the clutch disc interacting with the second spring with the platform and the lever fixedly mounted on the second upper clutch coupling half, and the frigate, made in the form of a truncated cone, cooperates with the cam disc.

7. The fluid energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade orientation change and fixing unit comprises a rocker mounted on the central post, the first and second central sprockets interacting through the newly inserted first and second chains and the second sprocket, the upper and The lower second coupling couplers with the blades of diametrically opposed platforms, the first sprockets being mounted on the two ends of the rocker coaxially with the lower second coupling spring-loaded coupling halves, in addition, the first center sprocket has a diameter 1.5 times larger than the first sprockets, and through the second central sprocket The spring interacts with the rotating supports, and the second sprockets are fixedly fixed to the root of the vane pillars of all the platforms, the upper second coupling couplings via brackets and cylinders with vertical and horizontal grooves cooperating with the respective blades and cam discs, the rotating bearings through the gears being kinematically coupled With a generator (pump).

8. The fluid energy converter according to claim 7, characterized in that at the ends of the rocker the lower magnets are fixedly mounted by means of supports, interacting with upper magnets fixed on non-magnetic discs fixed motionlessly on the first (lower) sprockets.

9. The fluid energy converter according to claim 7, characterized in that the ends of the rocker are made in the form of double forks with fixed lower magnets at their lower ends and the first heads and the upper magnets associated with them, cooperating with the lower magnets , With the lower chain kinematically linking the first asterisks to the central first sprocket mounted on one axis with the direction indicator of the medium flow and the fixation of the angular position.

10. A fluid energy converter comprising interconnected platforms mounted on a circular path, each of which in turn includes a kinematically connected trolley (carriage) and a blade (sail), characterized in that the studs are additionally provided with sprockets and two direction indicators Weathervane), with the asterisks connected to each other by a chain and interacting with the corresponding cam disks and direction indicators (weather vanes) mounted on two mutually opposing platforms.

11. A fluid energy converter comprising: interconnected platforms mounted on a circular path, each of which in turn includes a kinematically connected trolley (trolley) and a blade (sail), further comprising a central sprocket and sprockets with sprockets installed On each platform, while the asterisks of all platforms are connected by a chain with a central sprocket that is fixed with the direction indicator (weather vane) or with the fixation of the angular position.

print version
Date of publication 04.04.2007gg

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