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THERMOELECTRIC SOURCES OF CURRENT
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2018196

THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR

THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR

The name of the inventor: N. Shalaev; Petrov VA; Ryazanov EM; Zheleznov VA; Kopaev V.G.
The name of the patent holder: Shalaev Nikolai Vasilievich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1992.01.04

Use: The invention relates to the field of direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy, for example, heat converters of gas burners, fires and furnaces into electricity. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: A thermoelectric generator comprises thermo-batteries located under the thickened bottom of a liquid container. The bottom serves as a cooling heat exchanger. The "hot heat exchanger" is located under the thermobattery and is a massive slab. It is equipped with a ring screen to protect the thermobattery. The collectors are inserted into a vessel with a liquid and discharged from it in a protective sealed pipeline.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy and can be used in thermoelectric generators used primarily for power supply of household appliances, for example, radio receivers.

A thermoelectric generator for communication means includes a vessel for cooling liquid, a metal casing, thermoelectric batteries disposed between the vessel and the casing, and a system for fixing thermoelectric batteries. The vessel filled with water was placed in the flames of the fire, and the heat sink in this generator is carried out by boiling water.

The disadvantage of the known thermoelectric generator was the low efficiency due to the large losses in the thermal contact junctions and the inconstancy of thermal resistances, since the known generator does not provide for the compensation of thermal deformations, and the thermoelectric batteries are rigidly fixed between the metal casing and the vessel.

The closest to the invention in terms of the technical essence and the achieved result is a thermoelectric generator containing a cooling heat exchanger made in the form of a liquid container with a thickening of the bottom, a "hot" heat exchanger in the form of a massive plate, thermoelectric batteries to which heat exchangers, Heat exchangers for thermoelectric batteries and current collectors.

The disadvantage of the known thermoelectric generator is the complexity of the design, caused by a significant number (in terms of the number of branches in the generator batteries) of the expansion joints, each of which includes a flexible element between the branches and commutation tires and a spring element. Accordingly, the cost of the generator also increases. In addition, the complication of the construction of a known thermoelectric generator is also facilitated by the implementation of current collectors in the form of individual pressure-sealing devices with a corresponding increase in the number of sealing assemblies.

The known thermoelectric generator in addition has a low efficiency, since the "hot" heat exchanger is directly connected around the perimeter by two parallel metal walls with the bottom of the vessel, which leads to significant heat spills in addition to thermoelectric batteries.

The invention is aimed at simplifying the design while reducing the cost and increasing the efficiency of the thermoelectric generator.

To achieve this technical result in a thermoelectric generator containing a cooling heat exchanger made in the form of a fluid with a thickened bottom, a "hot" heat exchanger in the form of a massive plate, thermoelectric batteries to which heat exchangers, heat exchanger clamps to thermoelectric batteries and current collectors adjoin the electrical insulating layers Each clamping element is made in the form of a plate spring of bending (FPI), clamps that attach the FPI to one of the heat exchangers and screeds located between the clamps, one end portion of each screed being located on another heat exchanger and the screed is movable relative to the heat exchangers, It is preferable to insert a metal conduit into the thermoelectric generator, one end of which is led out through an opening in the bottom of the vessel and sealed therein, and the other end of the conduit is curved and withdrawn through an opening in the side wall of the vessel, sealed therein, and the collectors are withdrawn through the conduit; The bottom of the vessel and the massive plate are in the form of discs placed coaxially, the PPI is placed mutually perpendicularly and passing through the center of the disk, the thermoelectric batteries being made in the form of modules that are parallel to the PPI; On the cooling heat exchanger, the fasteners are fixed with PPI; The "hot" heat exchanger is provided with a screen made in the form of a shell cooling the side surface of the disk, while the shell shields the side surfaces of the modules.

In this thermoelectric generator, the clamping elements are made in the form of plate-shaped bending springs (hereinafter PPI) fixed with fixatives to one of the heat exchangers (it is preferable to fasten the PIP to the external surface of the bottom for the coolant, i.e., to the "cold" heat exchanger, The thermomechanical loads on them are heated during heating and they will work at a lower temperature under exothermic conditions) and screeds located between the fasteners, one end of each screed resting on the surface of the FPI facing the heat exchanger on which the FPI is fixed and the second end The screed site is located on another heat exchanger. This creates a system for compressing heat exchangers to thermoelectric batteries in the interaction of screeds and PPI. Screeds are made with the ability to move them relative to the heat exchangers, preferably in the form of a bolt-nut system, since this system provides the maximum simplification of the design of the pressing elements and makes it easy to adjust the clamping force. Screeds can be made in the form of clamps with a number of ledges, etc. The system of clamping elements in the form of FPI with fasteners and screeds allows, at the maximum simplification of the design, to provide an even pressure on the entire surface of thermoelectric batteries when the batteries are operated in the operating temperature difference and simultaneously compensate for thermal deformations of various generator assemblies during heating. Constant efforts of pressing thermoelectric batteries to heat exchangers make it possible to ensure the stability of thermal resistances in the heat flow path, while significantly simplifying the design, since the clamping elements acquire new properties of support elements and tightening elements, which in turn allows reducing the total number of parts that make up the generator. The same purpose is facilitated by the introduction into the generator of a metal pipeline, one end of which is led out through an opening in the bottom of the vessel and hermetically sealed therein (for example, by welding with a bottom), and the other end of the pipeline is curved, withdrawn through an opening in the side wall of the vessel and sealed In it), for example, by welding with a wall, by gluing with heat-resistant glue, heat-resistant rubber, etc. ), Which minimizes the number of seals and the leads are simply discharged through the pipeline, and due to the fact that during the operation of the generator the pipeline is always at the boiling water temperature, the current leads will be thermally stabilized. Preferably, the curved end of the conduit is positioned near the upper edge of the vessel, since in this case the sealing portion of it during operation is almost immediately freed from contact with the liquid upon evaporation of its upper layer. In addition, the temperature of this zone is lower, and here it is preferable to install a current collector, from which the endings of the pipelines are fixed.

In order to ensure uniformity of the clamping, thermoelectric batteries are preferably arranged in the form of modules and are positioned along these modules, since in this case the pressing forces through the respective screeds are uniformly distributed over the surface of the modules. For example, when performing heat exchangers in the form of two coaxially arranged disks (which contributes to a simultaneous reduction of thermal leaks), it is desirable to arrange the modules along mutually perpendicular axes passing through the center of the disk, and place the PPI along these modules. Accordingly, a system of tightening loads distributed along the axes is formed, and the possibility of skewing and uneven clamping is minimized. Increasing the efficiency of the generator facilitates the implementation of a "hot" heat exchanger with a shield made in the form of a cylindrical shell attached around the entire perimeter to the side surface of the disk (for example, by welding or screws), with the height of the screen being no more than the height of the thermoelectric battery (maximum shielding), since A protective side shield is formed, heated from the "hot" heat exchanger and reducing heat losses from the side surfaces of thermoelectric batteries.

THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR

In Fig. 1 shows a thermoelectric generator, a cross section; In Fig. 2 - the same, view from below (without a "hot" heat exchanger); In Fig. 3 is a sectional view of AA in FIG. 2 (plate spring bending).

The thermoelectric generator comprises a liquid container 1, a metal conduit 2, couplers 3, plate spring flexors 4, thermoelectric batteries 5, a "hot" heat exchanger 6 with a shield 7, nuts 8, electrical insulating layers 9, a coolant 10, a collector block 11, 12, current leads 13, clamps 14.

The liquid container 1 is preferably made of highly heat-conducting metals, for example aluminum or its alloys, and is made with a thickened (8-10 mm) bottom, and the side wall is connected to or integrated with the bottom. Pipe 2 is made from a piece of metal pipe with a curved end, while a straight section of the pipeline is passed through the hole in the bottom of the vessel 1 and sealed in there, eg by welding. Similarly, the curved end of the conduit 2 is passed through an opening located near the upper edge of the side wall of the vessel 1 and sealed therein, for example by welding or gluing. The leaf springs of bending 4 are preferably made of strips by a spring of steel, for example, St65G St60CA, etc., 1.54-3 mm thick and 84-10 mm wide. Along the central axes of these springs, holes are usually provided for the passage of locks 14 and ties 3. Thermoelectric batteries 5 consist of semiconductor thermoelements made, for example, from ternary alloys based on bismuth telluride and interconnected through the switching layers, the heat exchanger 6 is preferably made of cast iron in the form of a disk Height 8-10 mm and connect to it a screen 7 of aluminum with a thickness of 1-2 mm, for example, to screw on or weld. The electrically insulating layers 9 are preferably made of mica and other materials. Heat-insulating gaskets 12 are preferably made of mica or asbestos. Screws 3 and clamps 14 are made of stainless steel. In the bottom of the vessel 1 and in the "hot" heat exchanger 6 there are provided indentations in which the heads of the couplers 3 and the nuts 8 are arranged, respectively. When assembling the generator in the recesses of the bottom of the vessel 1, the heads of the screeds 3 are installed through the heat-insulating liners 12, then the plate-like spring springs 4 are secured to the bottom of the vessel 4 by fixers 14, thermoelectric batteries are placed in the form of modules 5 on the outer surface of the bottom of the vessel 1, and the current collectors 13 are passed through the pipeline 2 and nuts 8 provide pressure to them "hot" heat exchanger 6 and the bottom of the vessel 1.

The described thermoelectric generator works as follows.

As a heat source, a household or tourist primus (not shown) is used, on which a "hot" heat exchanger 6 is located. The vessel 1 is filled with a cooling liquid, for example, it is filled with water. After the torch of the heat source has been set on fire, combustion of the organic fuel takes place and the combustion products wash the surface of the "hot" heat exchanger 6. The heat flow passes through the thermoelectric batteries 5, creates a temperature drop across the thermocouples, a thermoelectric power is generated by the Seebeck effect and, The payload (not shown) receives useful electrical energy. The plate spring 4 of the bend 4 through the ties 3 located between adjacent clamps 14 creates a constant clamping of the heat exchange surfaces of the thermoelectric batteries 5 to the heat exchanger 6 and compensates for the thermal deformation of the parts of the thermoelectric batteries by deforming the portions of the leaf spring bending springs 4 located between the clamps 14, And in the process of cooling. The waste heat through the electrically insulating layer 9 enters the vessel 1 and the liquid boils in it, ensuring the stability of the temperature of the cold junctions of the thermoelements in all thermoelectric batteries 5 at various ambient temperatures.

The described thermoelectric generator can be made using widely used in practice means. So, as a "cold" heat exchanger, an aluminum alloy pan with a thickened bottom can be used. Plate bending springs are made in the form of steel strips, which are made of steel spring. Thermoelectric batteries are made of semiconductor powder materials, for example, from ternary alloys based on bismuth telluride with switching through layers of antidiffusion material. The "hot" heat exchanger is made in the form of a cast iron disc.

In comparison with known thermoelectric generators using a liquid container as "cold" heat exchangers, the claimed thermoelectric generator makes it possible to simplify the design considerably by simplifying the communication of current collectors and a significant reduction in the clamping elements. Accordingly, the total cost of the thermoelectric generator is reduced. In addition, due to the reduction in the number of clamping elements and the introduction of shields and spacers, it was possible to increase the efficiency of the generator, since the unproductive heat loss by design elements has significantly decreased.

CLAIM

1. THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR , containing a cooling heat exchanger made in the form of a liquid container with a thickened bottom, a "hot" heat exchanger in the form of a massive plate, thermoelectric batteries to which heat exchangers, heat exchanger clamps to thermoelectric batteries, current collectors and a heating source through the electrical insulating layers , Characterized in that each pressing element is made in the form of a plate spring of bending (FPI), clamps that attach the FPI to one of the heat exchangers and screeds located between the clamps, one end portion of each screed being located on another heat exchanger, the screed being made With the possibility of movement relative to heat exchangers.

2. The generator of claim 1, further comprising a metal conduit, one end of which is led out through an opening in the bottom of the vessel and sealed therein, the other end of the conduit is bent, withdrawn through an opening in the side wall of the vessel and sealed in In this case, the collectors are withdrawn through the pipeline.

3. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom and plate are made in the form of co-located disks, the PPI are mutually perpendicular and the point of their intersection is located on the central axis of the disks, the thermoelectric batteries are made in the form of modules that are located parallel to the PPI.

4. Generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the FPIs are fixed with fixatives on the cooling heat exchanger.

5. Generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the "hot" heat exchanger is provided with a shield made in the form of a shell covering the side surface of the plate, and the height of the screen does not exceed the height of the thermoelectric batteries.

print version
Date of publication 13.01.2007gg