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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2191447
thermoelectric generator
Name of the inventor: Baukin VE .; Vyalov AP .; Gorbach VD .; Muranov GK .; Sokolov OG
The name of the patentee: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Shipbuilding Technology"; Open Joint Stock Company "Engineering Company" KRYOTHERM "
Address for correspondence: 198095, St. Petersburg, ul. Industrial, 7, Central Research Institute of Shipbuilding Technology
Starting date of the patent: 2000.06.08
The invention relates to converting thermal energy into electrical energy and may be used in thermoelectric generators (TEG) used for disposal of spent nuclear reactor heat, internal combustion engines (ICEs), diesel and other heat engines. The technical result is to increase the quality factor of thermocouples collected in special modules by increasing the unit capacity of the modules themselves, but also by increasing the operating temperature of the hot junction. To achieve the specified technical result is invited to TEG containing heater unit, cooling unit and thermocouples batteries, made in the form of modules, which are assembled into a block, located between the nodes of the heater and cooler. the heater assembly can be hollow, which makes it possible to mount it on the exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine or diesel. The proposed design in combination with 4-component material thermocouples provides a compact generator that is easily placed in the housing at the location of vessels exhaust pipe, and the car. Thus, depending on the engine power generator can be obtained with an output of 10-30 kW or more and with an efficiency of about 10%.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to converting thermal energy into electrical energy and may be used in thermoelectric generators (TEG) used for disposal of spent nuclear reactor heat, internal combustion engines (ICEs), diesel and other heat engines.
There are many different designs TEG used as stand-alone power supplies for equipment operating in the field, such as "Portable TEG liquid fossil fuel" by AS 1235425, "tag" in a. from. 1686984, "TEG" patent 2018196. All of these generators convert heat into electric energy obtained from gas burners, furnaces, fires, and similar heat source. These generators use high-temperature heat, but because in their design to reduce direct thermal influence on the thermoelectric elements have different heat sinks, for example, screens, diffusers, containers filled with water or strong metal plate.
Known TEG and design using low-temperature heat, such as "ICE muffler exhaust noise" by AS 1285168 in which a TEG hot junctions of which are washed by exhaust fumes, cold junctions - the outside air, and the energy received this TEG is used to recharge the battery or auxiliary needs.
As a prototype of the present invention is selected "Steam generator with TEG" by AS 113206. The set of features of this generator consists of a heater unit represented steam generator having a furnace, and the heating surface of which has a cross sectional shape in a developed surface mnogokonechnoy star, made in the form of separate moldings, which circulates in the cavities and which are water chiller unit. On the surface of the heater thermocouples arranged, combined in a battery so that one group of junctions of thermocouples in contact with furnace flue gases and the other is pressed against, the surface washed with water.
The object of the present invention to provide a compact TEG with an output of 30 kW or more, which has high efficiency and uses for the hot junctions of thermocouples low-temperature heat about 300-600 o C, the resulting exhaust gas from internal combustion engines and other heat engines. This problem can be solved increasing the quality factor used thermocouples collected in special modules, both by increasing the unit capacity of the modules, as well as by increasing the operating temperature of the hot junction.
To achieve these technical results TEG proposed comprising a heater unit having a developed surface in cross-section, a cooler unit and a battery of thermocouples formed as modules that are assembled into a block, arranged between the heater and cooler assemblies. The heating surface of the heater derived, for example, by convection heat from the exhaust combustion engine gases, and simultaneously cooling the cold junctions of thermocouples due to the air flow or the flow of seawater (using TEG on ships) leads to the difference in temperature rise between cold and hot junctions of thermocouples, which occurs due to the effect of the Seebeck thermoelectric power, which can be directed at specific current collector into the payload of the overall electric vehicle or vessel loop. Furthermore, in each of the successively switched modules 300 thermoelements having two branches, one of which is p-type, and the other - n-type, wherein each branch comprises a p-type in%:
Bismuth - 9-21
Tellurium - 54-60
Antimony - 23-31
Selenium - 0-2
and each branch containing n-type,%
Bismuth - 50-56
Tellurium - 34-47
Antimony - 0-2
Selenium - 1-10
Of this preferred range of components for the composition of thermocouples, for example, in the temperature range on the hot spayu 150 ± 15 o C would be as follows:
branch with n-type conductivity (. 90 wt% Bi 2 Te 3 and 10 wt% Bi 2 Se 3.):
Bismuth -. 53.2 wt%
Tellurium -. 43.8 wt%
Selenium -. 3.0% by weight
branch with p-type conductivity (25 wt% Bi 2 Te 3 and 75 wt% Sb 2 Te 3..):
Antimony -. 27.3 wt%
Bismuth -. 15.6 wt%
Tellurium -. 57.6 wt%
Besides this general technical solutions, the heater assembly of the thermoelectric generator can be made as mnogokonechnoy star in cross-section, and for utilizing the heat of exhaust gases discharged by the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine or a diesel engine, a special cavity for fastening may be provided therein to said exhaust pipe and in addition, design of the cooling unit can be incorporated into the engine cooling circuit.
The drawing schematically thermoelectric generator (TEG).
 |
TEG includes a heater assembly 1, which is a molded body with a large surface area in cross-section in the form of a six-pointed star and fixed to the exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine or a diesel engine, the cooling unit 2 is configured as a pipe through which water is circulated, for example outboard when using TEG device as a ship, and thermoelectric modules (TEM) 3 installed on the heater assembly surface so that their cold junctions extend along said pipeline. It is known that temperature ranges typical when using TEG to the heat of exhaust gases of diesel engines or internal combustion engines (about 300-600 o C) and modern materials make it possible to obtain the order parameter Q-modules: Checking the performance of an experienced TEG power of 3 kW and with about 10% efficiency was carried out on the model of the power plant ship (diesel 110 kW) and has confirmed all the design characteristics of the generator. |
USED BOOKS
1. AF Ioffe Semiconductor components, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 1960
CLAIM
1. A thermoelectric generator comprising a heater assembly, in cross section having a developed surface, the cooling unit and the battery semiconductor thermoelements, characterized in that the batteries are designed as modules, and the modules are assembled into a block, arranged between the heater and cooler assemblies in each module sequentially switched to 300 thermoelements having two branches, one of which is p-type and the other n-type, wherein each branch comprises a p-type,%
Bismuth - 9-21
Tellurium - 54-60
Antimony - 23-31
Selenium - 0-2
and each branch containing n-type,%
Bismuth - 50-56
Tellurium - 34-47
Antimony - 0-2
Selenium - 1-10
2. The thermoelectric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the heater assembly has a cross sectional shape mnogokonechnoy star.
3. The thermoelectric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the heater assembly is hollow and may be mounted on the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine or diesel.
4. The thermoelectric generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the cooling unit is included in the engine cooling circuit of the internal combustion or diesel.
print version
Publication date 14.01.2007gg
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