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THERMOELECTRIC SOURCES OF CURRENT
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2099642

THERMAL POWER GENERATOR

THERMAL POWER GENERATOR

The name of the inventor: Yarygin VI; Melet EA; Klepikov VV; Mikheev A.S.
The name of the patent owner: Closed Joint-Stock Company "SEP-Russia" ("Systems of Energy Transformation-Russia")
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1996.03.26

Use: The invention relates to the technique of heat and power supply. The essence of the invention consists in the introduction of a new version of the heat receiver in the form of a thermosyphon, the evaporating part of which is tightly packed and located along generatrix surfaces (for example, cylindrical), finned tubes connected to the burner flange, thermoelectric batteries of radially cylindrical Geometry, the heat exchanger is connected in series to the closed circuit with the pump and the heat recovery system, the gas preparation unit is built into the flue gas discharge pipe and is made in the form of a gas-regulated thermosiphon, inside which the gas supply coil is located, on the condensation part of the thermosyphon there is a finning, to the electronic matching device The load current sensor is connected in series, and in the control unit there is installed a processor and a data transmission unit for the state of the thermal power generator.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to heat power engineering and can be used in the technology of heat and power supply, in particular, to provide heat and electricity for the station of cathodic protection of main gas pipelines against corrosion.

A heat-electric generator is known, used in domestic appliances for local heat and electricity supply of apartment houses, described in [1]. It contains a furnace device with a pipe for flue gas discharge, gas, air, water supply, shut-off and control valve, boiler, boiler With the supply of cold water and the output of warm water into the heating system, ceramic burners and steam generators of thermal energy into electrical energy. The furnace is enclosed in a water jacket and contains a heat exchanger, a fan for supplying air to an additional heat exchanger-recuperator, from where the heated air is supplied to the infrared burners. Above the burners thermoemission converters are placed, supplying electric power to the inverter, which converts and supplies it to the consumer.

The main disadvantage of the design is a complex manufacturing technology and low reliability in operation.

The closest in terms of technical nature to the claimed is the autonomous power source AIP-750YA, which is used as an independent power source by the constant electric current and heat of the complex of radioelectronic equipment. [2] The prototype AIP consists of the power supply unit and the automatic reducing unit RP-10. The power supply unit is a housing in which thermoelectric converters of thermal energy are placed in electrical, the stabilization unit and the control unit, pipelines for supplying air to the injection burners and distribution of heated air inside the shell, chimneys for flue gas discharge, shut-off and regulating gas fittings.

In the prototype, a low-pressure gas flows to the injection burners through a shut-off valve. Above the burners is a heat receiver that transmits the heat flow from the combustion of gas to the hot side of the thermoelectric converter batteries. The thermoelectric converter consists of a series of thermoelectric batteries of planar geometry connected in series. To the cold side of the thermoelectric batteries, the heat exchanger-radiator is pressed to remove heat. Heat is transferred by convection of air flow, sent to the atmosphere or to a separate room for its heating through a system of air ducts and dampers. Thermoelectric converters are connected to an electrical circuit that is connected to a voltage regulator (electronic matching device) and a control pulp.

In the prototype, the automatic reduction unit RP-10 is designed to filter and reduce high-pressure gas entering the AIP from the main gas pipeline. To solve these problems, it contains: a filter for trapping suspended particles, a gas burner that provides heating of the gas passing through the coil installed in front of the pressure reducer, shut-off and regulating gas fittings providing a safe algorithm for the operation of the burner. Preheating of the gas before the pressure reducer is necessary in order to prevent the jumper from freezing as a result of the Joule-Thomson effect. At the same time, regardless of the gas temperature in the gas pipeline, the gas temperature in front of the reducer must be not less than +40 o C (at working gas pressure in the main gas pipeline of 70 atm.) And not more than the maximum permissible for materials used in the pressure reducer.

However, this AIP design is metal-intensive (weight 7000 kg), unreliable and has low efficiency in operation, as it has the following drawbacks: low efficiency of the heat generated by the burner and uneven heat flow to thermoelectric batteries, which is due to the design of the heat receiver; Insufficient resistance to thermocycling of thermoelectric batteries of planar geometry; A complex and metal-intensive heat recovery system with air ducts and flaps; The need for an additional RP-10 gas preparation unit, which requires the use of an additional burner with shut-off and regulating gas fittings and an additional gas flow; Uncertainty of the status of AIP when working in the offline mode due to the lack of a notification system about the status of the installation.

The authors were faced with the task of avoiding the shortcomings listed above and creating a reliable and efficient heat and power generator.

It is proposed to achieve this result in a heat and power generator comprising a housing in which a combustion chamber with a combustion exhaust duct is disposed including a low pressure gas injection torch connected to a high pressure gas line through a series of valves connected in series, a gas preparation unit and a pressure reducing unit with a shut- And a heat receiver connected to the hot side of the thermoelectric batteries of the thermoelectric thermal energy converter into the electrical one, the cold side of which is connected to the heat exchanger, and the electrical outputs of the converter are connected to the electronic matching device and the control unit, to introduce a new heat receiver version in the form of a thermosiphon, Part of which is closely packed and located along generatrix surfaces, for example cylindrical, finned tubes connected to the flange of the burner, which forms the combustion chamber of the burner, thermoelectric batteries of radial-cylindrical geometry are mounted on the condensing part of the thermosyphon with hot sides, the heat exchanger is connected in series in a closed loop With the pump and the heat recovery system, the gas preparation unit is integrated into the flue gas discharge pipe and is made in the form of a gas-regulated thermosiphon inside which the gas supply coil is located, a ribbing is installed on the condensation part of the thermosyphon, the load current sensor is connected in series to the electronic matching device, and The control unit is equipped with a processor and a data transmission unit for the status of the thermal power generator.

Thus, the highest possible electrical efficiency is achieved, a large number of thermal cycles of the thermoelectric converter is provided, and accordingly the service life of the installation is increased, the heat energy can be recycled depending on the customer's requests, and the maximum possible utilization of fuel is achieved, which significantly increases the efficiency of operation Thermoelectric generator.

New design features of the thermal power generator and the possibility of remote monitoring of its condition, and, as a result, increase its reliability in the process of operation in real conditions, which is the cumulative result of new solutions announced by the authors.

THERMAL POWER GENERATOR

In Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the claimed thermoelectric generator, FIG. 2 section along the plane AA of the heat receiver.

The thermal power generator is an installation consisting of the following main units and systems: 1 hull of a thermal power generator; 2 furnace device; 3 pipes for flue gas discharge; 4 gas injection burner; 5 thermoelectric transducer; 6 - heat receiver; 7 heat exchanger; 9 heat recovery system; 10 valve; 11 gas preparation unit; 12 Gas pressure reduction unit with shut-off and regulating gas fittings; 13 electronic locking device; 14 control unit.

In the combustion device (2) there are: 6 a heat receiver in the form of a thermosiphon, in which 15 the evaporation part is made in the form of finned tubes, and on the condenser part 5 5 thermoelectric transducers are mounted and 17 thermocouples are installed; 18, the flange of the gas injection burner (4), which forms a combustion chamber with the evaporating part (15). On the flange (18) are installed: 19 flame control electrode and 20 flame ignition electrode.

The gas treatment unit (11) includes: 21 filters for gas purification from suspended particles; 22 gas-regulated thermosiphon, inside which 23 coil of gas supply is located in the evaporative part filled with working fluid, 24 fins are installed on the outside on the condensation part filled with gas.

The gas pressure reduction unit with locking and regulating fittings (12) includes: 25 pressure reducer and safety valves, 26 solenoid valve, 27 pressure sensor.

The thermoelectric converter (5) of thermal energy into electrical is 28 thermoelectric batteries in which the 29 "hot" side is connected to the condensation part (16) of the thermosyphon (6), 30 - the "cold" side is connected to the heat exchanger (7), and the electric energy Output via 31 electrical output.

In the control unit (14), 32 processors and 33 data transfer units are installed. The output of the data transmission unit (33) is connected to 34 antennas.

The electronic matching device (13) reconciles the electrical terminal (31) with the electrical load (35) and subsequently 36 is the load current sensor, the signal from which is fed to the processor (32).

The high-pressure gas enters the heat and power plant from the gas pipeline (37).

All units and systems of the heat and power generator, except for the heat recovery system and the main pipeline, are housed in the casing (1).

The heat generator works as follows. The high pressure gas from the gas main (37) enters the gas preparation unit (11) through the valve (10). In the block (11), the gas passes through the filter (21), where the suspended particles are separated, and the gas enters the gas-regulated thermosiphon (22), intended for heating the gas before it enters the pressure reducer (25). Gas preheating in front of the pressure reducer (25) is necessary in order to prevent the Joule-Thomson effect from freezing the reducer. At the same time, regardless of the gas temperature in the gas pipeline, the gas temperature in front of the reducer (25) should be not less than +40 o C (at the operating gas pressure in the gas main in the gas pipeline 70 atm.) And not more than the maximum permissible for materials used in the pressure reducer (25). The gas passes through the gas supply coil (23) installed in the evaporative zone of the thermosyphon (22), filled with a working fluid with a boiling point no more than the maximum allowable for materials used in the pressure reducer. Thermal energy is supplied to the coil supplying gas through the working fluid from the combustion products passing through the pipe (3). Thus, the heat of the burner (4) is used to preheat the gas, which eliminates the additional burner, as is done in the prototype. The condensation part of the thermosyphon (22) is filled with gases insoluble in the working fluid, which automatically adjusts the size of the condensation zone depending on the ambient temperature and the temperature of the gas coming from the gas line (37) and, therefore, maintain the gas temperature ahead of the pressure reducer (25) in The specified range. To remove excess heat in summer, a finning (24) is installed on the condensation zone of the thermosyphon (22).

The gas pressure reduction unit with shut-off valve (12) is designed to reduce the pressure of the gas entering the injection burner (4) and to ensure the safe operation of the heat generator in an autonomous mode. The pressure reducer (25) reduces the gas pressure to the level required for the stable operation of the injection torch (4), and the safety valves (25) protect the low-pressure gas fittings installed after the reducer (25) from possible failures of the pressure reducer (25). The solenoid valve (26) controlled by the control unit (14) is a shut-off device that stops the gas supply to the burner (4) in the event of an emergency. The pressure sensor (27) provides pressure monitoring before the injection burner (4).

The gas enters the injection burner (4) located in the combustion device (2) and connected to the evaporative part (15) of the thermosyphon (6) by means of a flange (18). The evaporative part of the thermosyphon (6) is made in the form of finned tubes (15), densely packed and located along the generatrix surfaces, for example, cylindrical (see Fig. The finned tubes (15) with the flange (18) form a combustion chamber. This design of the combustion chamber ensures maximum efficiency of transferring heat energy from gas combustion products to thermosyphon (6) and, consequently, to thermoelectric batteries (28). The products of combustion, having given a large part of the thermal energy to the thermosyphon (6), are discharged through the pipe (3) to the gas preparation unit (11) and further to the atmosphere. The gas entering the burner (4) is ignited in the combustion chamber by means of the ignition electrode (20), and flame control is performed by the electrode (19).

The heat flux received by the evaporator part (15) of the thermosyphon (6) is transferred to the condensation part (16) and transferred to the "hot" side (29) of the thermoelectric batteries (28) forming the thermoelectric transducer (5). The heat flow passed by the thermoelectric transducer (5) is removed from the cold side (30) by the heat exchanger (7) to the coolant when the coolant is pumped by the pump (8) through a heat exchanger (7) connected in series to the closed circuit and a heat recovery system (9). The heat recovery system (9) gives warmth to the surrounding space by natural convection. A thermocouple (17) is installed on the thermosyphon (6), intended for temperature control on the condensation zone of the thermosyphon (16).

Thermoelectric converter (5) of thermal energy into electrical, consisting of thermoelectric batteries (28) of radial-circular geometry with hot side (10) mounted on the condensation zone of thermosyphon (6). Thermosyphon provides a uniform supply of thermal energy to the "hot" side (29) of thermoelectric batteries. The radial-circular geometry of thermoelectric batteries does not require mechanical forces to provide thermal contact with heat-conducting and heat-removing surfaces, in contrast to flat thermoelectric batteries in the prototype. In addition, the radial-circumferential geometry of the batteries provides a substantially greater resistance to thermal cycling.

The heat recovery system can be divided into sections, which in turn significantly improves the operational, weight and multifunctional characteristics, in comparison with the prototype. The power consumption of the pump (8) is no more than 10% of the electricity generated by the thermoelectric converter.

The electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric converter (5) is removed from the electrical terminal (31) and sent to an electronic matching device (13), designed to match the converter output to the electrical load (35). Sequentially with the electronic matching device (13) and the load (35), a load current sensor (36) is included to monitor the level of current flowing into the load (35). The signal from the current sensor (36) is fed to the processor (32) installed in the control unit (14).

The control unit (14) is designed to control and control all the systems of the heat and power generator to provide a safe algorithm for the operation of the heat and power generator in an autonomous mode and to transmit data on the condition of the thermal power generator, for example, to the central dispatch station of the gas main (37). After starting the heat generator, the power supply to the control unit (14) is supplied from the thermoelectric converter (5). In the control unit (14), a processor (32) and a data transfer unit (33) are installed. The processor (32) analyzes the signals coming from the gas pressure sensors (27), the flame monitoring electrode (19), the thermocouple (17) and the load current sensor (36). The processor (32) controls the solenoid valve (26), providing a safe operation algorithm, and instructs the data transfer unit (33) to transmit information about the failure or normal operation of the thermal generator. The solenoid valve (26) stops the gas supply to the burner (4) in the following cases: if the flame goes out; If the pressure at the burner inlet (4) is out of the specified range; If the temperature of the condensation part of the thermosyphon (16) exceeds the maximum permissible value.

The heat generator is considered to be out of order if the current supplied to the load (35) from the thermoelectric converter (5) becomes less than the set one. Information on the normally operating heat and power generator is transmitted once a day at the set time, and information about the output of the heat generator is damaged immediately after the signal is received from the load current sensor (36) for a period of time until the thermoelectric converter is able to provide the data transfer unit (33) . The information message contains the serial number of the heat generator and information about its state.

Such an algorithm of operation of heat and power generators installed, for example, along the main gas pipeline at considerable distances, in hard-to-reach places of the Far North, allows uninterrupted heat and power supply to cathodic protection stations and significantly reduces transportation costs for prevention and repair.

An example of the claimed thermoelectric generator is a thermoelectric installation (TEC) designed to provide, in an autonomous mode, heat and electricity to cathodic protection stations for gas mains located in the Far North. The provision of heat gives the installation an additional consumer life support function for the person (on duty shift, etc.).

The power unit is made by modular principle (the thermoelectric generator consists of several thermoelectric modules), which allows to adapt flexibly to the consumer's requirements for the required levels of electrical and thermal energy.

Four thermoelectric modules are mounted in the unit, each of which, according to the description, is equipped with an injection burner with ignition and flame control electrodes, a water thermosyphon with a heat receiver in the form of finned tubes, a thermoelectric generator of telluride-bismuth batteries of radial-cylindrical geometry and a heat exchanger for Cold side of the thermoelectric generator. The designs of the heat receiver and water thermosyphon ensure that at least 74% of the heat output from the burner isolated in the combustion chamber when the temperature on the hot side does not exceed 5 ° C at +290 ° C is applied to the hot side of the thermoelectric generator. The efficiency of the thermoelectric converter is at least 2 , 6% (in the prototype not more than 1%) of the thermal power released in the combustion chamber. The radial-cylindrical design of thermoelectric batteries provides not less than 10 years of service life with no less than 1000 thermal cycles.

Heat exchangers, connected in series with the heat recovery system, form a closed circuit with it, through which the pump pumped the heat carrier (water, TOCOL or aqueous CaCl 2 solution). The heat recovery system is composed of standard convectors with standard temperature control devices used for space heating, which makes it easy to optimize its design depending on the customer's needs (the design uses air ducts and dampers in the prototype). The power consumption of the pump is not more than 65 watts. The thermal power taken on the coolant is not less than 72% of the thermal power released when burning fuel in the burners.

Combustion products from the four burners are supplied to the gas preparation unit, which is a limited part of the installation (there is no prototype in the prototype), and give away some of their heat energy to a gas-regulated thermosyphon that provides heating of the gas before it enters the reduction unit. As a working liquid in thermosyphon, acetone is used (boiling point 54.6 ° C). The thermosyphon is filled with argon at a pressure of 2 atm. The applied design of the gas preparation unit makes it possible to maintain the gas temperature before the reduction unit at + 50 ± 10 ° C when the gas temperature and the ambient temperature change in the -50 range. +30 o C. For heating 2.5 m 3 / h of gas, no more than 240 W of thermal power taken from the heat of the burnt gases leaving the installation is needed.

The electrical outputs of the thermoelectric modules are switched in series and connected to an electronic matching device. Each thermoelectric module generates at least 161 watts of electricity at a voltage of 16 V. The output voltage of the installation can be set within 12.48 V, which is regulated by the voltage converter.

A resistor (current shunt), which is a load current sensor, is connected in series with the output of the electronic matching device and the load. Changing the signal level from this sensor (a reduction less than the set one) is a signal to the processor that the installation is out of order.

A gas pressure reduction unit with a shut-off valve is common to all thermoelectric modules. It is equipped with a pressure reducer, pressure sensors, protective gas valves to protect the plant from the failure of the pressure reducer, and four solenoid valves through which gas enters the burners of thermoelectric modules.

A processor and a data transfer unit are installed in the control unit (there are no data in the prototype). The processor analyzes the signals coming from the gas pressure sensors, flame sensors (installed in each burner) and load current sensor. The processor controls the solenoid valves, providing a safe algorithm of operation and instructs the data transfer unit to transmit information about the failure or normal operation of the thermal generator. Algorithm of the processor allows to maintain the operability of the installation, even if one of the modules fails. The transmitter is a radio transmitter operating in the HF band 4 W. The data transmission unit allows to use as a transmitter any communication means, including satellite, operating in HF or VHF wavelength bands.

If the thermal generator fails, the current supplied to the load from the thermoelectric converter will be less than the set value. Information on the normally functioning heat and power generator is transmitted once a day at the set time, and information about the output of the thermal generator is damaged immediately after the signal comes from the load current sensor. The information message contains the serial number of the heat generator and information about its state.

Thermal power generators installed, for example, along long-distance gas pipelines at considerable distances, in hard-to-reach places of the Far North, allow uninterrupted heat and power supply to cathodic protection stations and significantly reduce transportation costs for their prevention and repair.

The weight of the thermal power generator is 150 kg, it is placed in a construction with dimensions 500x500x2000 mm (without the heat recovery system), which significantly exceeds the analogous characteristics of the prototype.

Tests of the implemented design showed that with a gas consumption of 2.5 m 3 / h, the thermal power generator generates 650 W of electrical and 17 kW of thermal energy with a fuel utilization factor of 92%. At that, no more than 80 W of electric power is spent for the plant's own needs (pump and solenoid valves) .

Comparison with prototypes shows that the proposed heat and power generator significantly exceeds the prototype in all respects.

CLAIM

A thermal power generator comprising a housing in which a combustion device is disposed with a combustion exhaust duct including a low pressure gas injection torch connected to a high pressure gas line through a series of valves connected in series, a gas preparation unit and a pressure reducing unit with a gas shutoff valve and a heat receiver Connected to the hot side of the thermoelectric batteries of the thermoelectric thermal energy converter into the electrical one, the cold side of which is connected to the heat exchanger, and the electric terminal of the converter is connected to the electronic matching device, and the control unit, characterized in that the heat receiver is made in the form of a thermosiphon whose evaporation part is Tightly packed and located along the generatrix surfaces, for example, cylindrical, finned tubes connected to the burner flange, which forms the combustion chamber of the burner, thermoelectric batteries of radial-cylindrical geometry are mounted on the condensation part of the thermosyphon with hot sides, the heat exchanger is connected in series to the closed loop with a pump And the heat recovery system, the gas preparation unit is built into the flue gas discharge pipe and is in the form of a gas-regulated thermosiphon inside which the gas supply coil is located, a fin is installed on the condensation part of the thermosyphon, the load current sensor is connected in series to the electronic matching device, and in the control unit A processor and a data transmission unit for the state of the thermal power generator are installed.

print version
Date of publication 13.01.2007gg