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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2031487
THERMOBATHERY AND METHOD OF ITS MANUFACTURE
The name of the inventor: Ushakov Alexey Ivanovich ; Kazakov Vladilen Georgievich; Goloborodko Vitaly Nikiforovich
The name of the patent holder: Ushakov Alexey Ivanovich ; Kazakov Vladilen Georgievich; Goloborodko Vitaly Nikiforovich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1991.08.12
Usage: in the field of direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy in the manufacture of thermoelectric batteries. It is proposed to use polymorphic iron-based alloys undergoing phase transformations to form alternating regions with different crystal structures that act as thermoelements connected in series to a thermobatter. To this end, a thermionic wire made of a polymorphic iron-nickel alloy is preliminarily converted to a single-phase state, wound on a frame, laid on the thermal insulation of one half of the carcass, and alternating regions of different phase composition are formed by heat treatment of the other half. The heat treatment is carried out until the temperature of the end of the phase transition.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy, in particular to thermoelectric battery converters and methods for producing them for generating electricity or for measuring temperature.
Thermoelectric converters are known, for example, a thermoelectric module made of metallic thermoelectric materials of different chemical composition. Separate branches of thermoelements in it are connected by spot welding of previously wound thermoelectric conductors with subsequent separation in places of welding [1].
The closest in terms of technical nature to the claimed device is a thermocouple - a battery of thermocouples. It is a thermoelectrode metal wire, in some areas of which there is a coating of a different material [2].
The drawback of the devices considered is the complexity of the design.
The method closest to the proposed method is a method for manufacturing a thermobattery by winding a thermoelectrode conductor on a frame, first laying an additional insulated wire on it, and then conducting a galvanic application of a second thermoelectrode in an electrolyte stream that allows the creation of a junction of electrodes in a strictly specified area.
The disadvantage of the method is the complexity of manufacturing the thermocouple battery, associated with the laboriousness of the operation for galvanic application of the second element.
The aim of the invention is to simplify the thermobattery and the method of its manufacture.
The aim is achieved in that in a thermobattery containing a thermoelectrode conductor it is made of a polymorphic material and is made in the form of alternating sections containing high and low temperature phases, the transition regions between which alternately face the heater and the refrigerator. Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty".
The use of polymorphic alloys undergoing phase transformations for the manufacture of a thermoelectrode conductor makes it possible to obtain a contactless thermobattery in the form of an unlimited number of thermoelements connected in series. Known in science and technology, technical solutions with similar characteristics were not found. Consequently, the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "essential differences".
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In Fig. 1 shows the proposed thermopile. It contains a conductor 1 of a polymorphic material that has portions of low-temperature 2 and high-temperature 3 phases and is curved such that the transition regions 4 are alternately facing the heater 5 and the cooler 6. When the load 7 is connected to the circuit, a thermal current flows, which is recorded with the device 8.
THERMOBATTER WORKS AS FOLLOWS:
Two sections with different phase composition form a thermoelement of the proposed thermopile. The thermoelectric power of the battery depends on the number of thermocouples that are connected in series, and the temperature differences created in the transition regions by the heater and the condenser. In this case, it is necessary to take into account that the temperatures of the heater and the refrigerator should not exceed the stability intervals of the low- and high-temperature phases. The number of thermocouples depends on the length of the individual branches and the total length of the conductor. There are no special requirements for conductor cross-section: it can be made of wire, foil or other.
As the polymorph alloy, an iron-based alloy, for example an iron-nickel alloy with a nickel content of about 30%, can be used. Polymorphic alloys of this class can have a low- or high-temperature crystalline structure in a wide temperature range up to 400 ° C.
The aim is achieved by the fact that according to the method for manufacturing a thermopile, based on winding the thermoelectrode wire on the frame, the thermoelectrode wire from the polymorphic iron-nickel alloy is converted to a single-phase state, wound on a frame, followed by laying the thermal insulation on half of the frame, alternating regions with different phase composition are formed by heat treatment of the other Half and remove the thermal insulation. To obtain the maximum value of the thermoEMF, the heat treatment is carried out to the temperature of the end of the phase transition. Such a sequence has not been used previously for the manufacture of thermobars, therefore, the proposed method satisfies the criterion of "novelty".
The claimed method includes only operations for heat treatment, bending and laying of the heat-insulating frame and does not require operations for applying a second material.
In Fig. 2 shows an example of the technical execution of the proposed heat treatment according to the process described. The conductor 9 of the polymorph alloy is bent as a spiral in such a way that the transition regions 10 between the high temperature 11 and low temperature 12 phases are alternately located either at the heater 13 or at the cooler 14. When the load 15 is turned on, the electric current is detected by the instrument 16.
To realize the proposed method, the thermoelectrode conductor must initially have a single-phase structure, for example high temperature, for which the conductor is annealed at a temperature above the full transition temperature and cooled. At room temperature, the conductor 17 (FIG. 3) is wound spirally onto the frame 18, half of which is thermally insulated, whereby the heat-insulating material 19 and the protective casing 20 are laid over the wound wire, and the second is immersed in liquid nitrogen (cooled to 78K). Cooling to this temperature provides an almost complete transition of the high-temperature phase to the low-temperature phase in half of each coil of spiral winding and alternation of sections with different phases forming heat treatment elements connected in series. After exposure to cold, the insulation is removed. Thermal insulation allows you to keep the protected areas in the original phase state.
Areas with a different crystal structure of a conductor made of a polymorphic alloy can be obtained analogously if it has a low-temperature structure in the initial state. The operations and their sequence in this case are the same, only half of the unclosed helix is annealed at a temperature above the phase transition temperature of the low-temperature phase to the high-temperature phase.
The thermobattery produced by the proposed method was practically realized from 30% Ni-70% Fe alloy wire. It had n pairs of sections with high-temperature ( 
Phase) and low-temperature ( 
Phase) structures located on a solid wire, bent so that the regions between - and -phases are turned in turn to the heater and the refrigerator. To obtain a single-phase state ( Phase), the wire was annealed at a temperature of about 973 K and cooled to room temperature. At this temperature, the wire was wound spirally onto a frame, half of which was insulated, and the other half was immersed in liquid nitrogen (cooled to 73K). Cooling to this temperature provided - >> -transition in half of each coil of spiral winding and alternation of sections with - and -phases forming heat treatment elements, connected in series. After exposure to cold, the insulation was removed.
The proposed thermobatter is simple in design, the materials used are cheap and environmentally friendly. The proposed method of its manufacturing differs from those known for manufacturability, which will allow to automate the production of a thermopile with any number of thermocouples, without requiring large energy costs.
CLAIM
1. A thermobattery comprising a thermoelectrode conductor, characterized in that, in order to simplify it, the thermoelectrode conductor is made of a polymorphic iron-nickel alloy of arbitrary cross-section in the form of alternating sections containing high and low temperature phases, the transition regions between which alternately face the heater and the refrigerator.
2. A method of manufacturing a thermobattery comprising winding a thermoelectrode wire onto a frame, characterized in that, in order to simplify manufacturing, the thermoelectrode wire from the polymorphic iron-nickel alloy is first converted to a single-phase state, after winding, the insulation is stacked on one half of the carcass, With different phase composition by heat treatment of the other half and remove the thermal insulation.
3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that, in order to obtain the maximum thermoEM value, the heat treatment is carried out to the temperature of the termination of the phase transition.
print version
Date of publication 13.01.2007gg
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