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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2099543

METHOD OF CONVERSION OF LOW-POTENTIAL HEAT TO ELECTRICITY

The name of the inventor: Stepanov Nikolai Nikolaevich
The name of the patent holder: Stepanov Nikolai Nikolaevich
Address for correspondence:
The effective date of the patent: 1992.12.30

Use: in the field of heat power. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: in a method for converting low-potential heat, in which a gaseous working medium located in a circuit comprising an evaporator is compressed by a supercharger, followed by a transfer of its energy into operation, expansion and lowering of temperature, and then reducing the heat of the working fluid by means of an external coolant upon return Of the working medium to the supercharger, a liquid humidifier is supplied to the evaporator by means of a condensate pump, which is sprayed and evaporated in the working body until it is completely saturated with the transition of the heat trapped in the working body into the latent heat of the vapors, and the transfer of the compression energy of the working substance to mechanical work is carried out in a power turbine With simultaneous expansion, and with the condensation of humidifier vapors in it and the transformation of their latent heat into mechanical work and then into electric power, the condensate of the humidifier is returned to its pump and the working medium is returned to the supercharger through a heat exchanger in which the heat of the working fluid is restored, As a gas with a boiling point below the melting point of the humidifier, and as the latter, a liquid with a boiling point above ambient temperature.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of heat power engineering and can be used for the production of mechanical work and electric power due to the heat present in the surrounding atmosphere, as well as the heat released by various devices and lost in the atmosphere, for example exhaust gases, thermal discharges of refrigerating devices, exhaust gases, geothermal Water and the like.

A method for converting low-potential heat is known in which (in the cycle of a heat pump) a gaseous working medium in the circuit including the evaporator is compressed, followed by the transfer of its energy into operation, expansion and lowering of the temperature, and then restoring the heat of the working fluid by means of an external Coolant when the working fluid returns to the supercharger (Kirilin VA et al., "Technical thermodynamics", M. Energoizdat, 1983, p.137).

The drawbacks of the known method are the dependence on the permanent power supply and the ineffectiveness of transforming the work received into electricity, but also the limited power received.

The objective of the invention is to expand the arsenal of methods for converting low-grade heat, and reduce the dependence on power supply, increase the power received, improve the conditions for heat removal from the coolant without changing the phase (gaseous) state of the working fluid, ensure efficient conversion of heat of the coolant and appropriate work in electricity.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the method for converting low-potential heat, in which a gas-containing working medium in a circuit comprising an evaporator is compressed by a blower, followed by a transfer of its energy into operation, by expansion and lowering of temperature, and then the heat of the working medium is restored with the aid of External coolant when the working fluid is returned to the supercharger, a liquid humidifier is supplied to the evaporator by means of a condensate pump, which is sprayed and evaporated in the working body until it is completely saturated with the transition of the heat trapped in the working body into the latent heat of the vapors, and the transfer of the energy of compression of the working substance into mechanical work Are carried out in a power turbine while simultaneously expanding and also condensing the humidifier vapor in it and converting their latent heat into mechanical work and then into electric power, the resulting condensate of the humidifier is returned to its pump and the working medium is returned to the supercharger through a heat exchanger in which the Heat of the working fluid, which is used as a gas with a boiling point below the melting point of the humidifier, and as the latter - a liquid with a boiling point above ambient temperature. In this case, the spraying and evaporation of the humidifier is carried out in the evaporator under the pressure created by the supercharger, which is a turbocharger, and the power of the power turbine is used to operate the turbocharger.

In Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for implementing a low-potential heat conversion method; FIG. 2 possible equipment layout.

The device for implementing the low-potential heat conversion method comprises a working fluid circuit in which there is a turbocharger (compressor) 1, an evaporator 2, a power turbine 3 with an electric generator 4, heat exchangers 7.9 for a gas and liquid coolant and a gate valve 10. A humidifier circuit A condensate receiving receptacle 6 of the humidifier, a condensate pump 5, a heat exchanger 8. The power turbine 3 and the turbocharger 1 have impellers connected to each other and to an electric generator 4 by a common shaft.

The method of converting low-potential heat into electric power is realized as follows

In the initial position, the contour of the working fluid is completely filled, the turbine 3 and the turbocharger are stationary. The electric generator 4 connected to the power system (not shown) is started first in the electric motor mode and the power turbine 3 is untwisted together with the turbocharger 1 (this can be done by an additional engine). At the same time, a liquid humidifier is supplied to the evaporator 2 by a pump 5. As a result of the short-term operation of the electric generator 4 in the electric motor mode, the working medium that is in the loop is compressed by means of the blower 1, which flows through the heat exchanger 8 to the evaporator 2. A liquid humidifier is supplied to the evaporator 2 through the heat exchanger 8, which is sprayed and evaporated in the working fluid until completely saturated with Transition of the prisoner in the working body of heat into the latent heat of the humidifier vapor. The compressed working medium, saturated with steam of the humidifier, enters the impeller of turbine 3, where the expansion of the working fluid and the transfer of its compression energy to external mechanical work take place with a decrease in temperature and simultaneous condensation of the humidifier vapor in it. Humidity goes beyond saturation, and the transformation of the latent heat of the vapors into an obvious and into a mechanical work. Thus, the power turbine 3 operates under the influence of two components: the expansion energy of the working fluid, compressed by the turbocharger 1, i.e. The apparent heat of the working fluid and the heat energy of the humidifier vapor; Latent heat of the working fluid. The mechanical work received in the turbine 3 ensures, with the development of the revolutions up to the nominal transition of the electric generator 4, into the power generation mode, i.e. Transformation of mechanical work into it.

The condenser of the humidifier is returned to the pump 5, i. E. Into the tank 6, and the working medium to the turbocharger 1 through the heat exchangers 7.9, in which the heat of the working medium transformed into external work is restored, with the help of an external coolant, which can be atmospheric air, exhaust gases and supply air, Refrigerating devices and other gaseous or liquid heat carriers, dissipating heat in the surrounding space. The working fluid passing through the turbocharger 1 is compressed and circulates in the circuit as described above, and the humidifier transfers latent heat between the evaporator 2 and the turbine 3. Since the impellers of the turbine 3 and the turbocharger 1 are connected by a common shaft, part of the energy of the turbine 3 is directly used for Work turbocharger 1, which operates due to the internal energy resources of the circuit, does not require a special drive motor and does not have corresponding energy losses.

In the heat exchanger 8, the humidifier is heated by the working fluid to reduce its viscosity and to facilitate spraying and evaporation in the evaporator 2. The pressure of the working fluid can be adjusted by means of a slide 10.

Based on the temperature changes in the working fluid during the implementation of the method, a gas with a boiling point lower than the melting point of the humidifier is used in its quality, and as the latter, a vessel with a melting point is lower than the design cooling temperature of the working fluid and with a boiling point above ambient temperature, Long parking.

Under such conditions, the use of Freons is impossible. The necessary properties of the working fluid are air and nitrogen, and as a humidifier, easily evaporating liquids: ethyl alcohol (C ₂ H ₆ O), methyl alcohol (CH ₄ O) and ethylene glycol (C ₂ H ₄ O ₂ O). However, these fluids create explosive mixtures with oxygen in the air, so it is advisable to use nitrogen with them as a gaseous working fluid. At the minimum temperature of the working fluid in the process cycle of at least 0 ^° C, water can be used as its humidifier.

As a result of the present invention, an arsenal of methods and technical means for converting low-potential heat has been expanded, since, unlike a heat pump that only implements heat transfer of a low-grade heat carrier to a higher temperature level, i.е. Capable of performing only thermal work, in the proposed method this heat is converted into mechanical work, and the heat of the coolant into external mechanical work, which, if necessary, can be further converted into a universal form of energy into electric power. Moreover, when heat of a working fluid is converted by known thermal engines: steam and gas turbines, steam engines and internal combustion engines, only the apparent heat of the working fluid is converted into mechanical work, and all latent heat is emitted as thermal waste, which reduces the coefficient of efficient use of heat of the coolant At best up to 40%. In the implementation of the proposed method, due to the use in a power turbine for conversion into mechanical operation and the latent heat of the working fluid and return of energy to the circular cycle, the efficiency coefficient rises by at least 2 times.

At the same time, the dependence on the power supply is reduced, since it is used only briefly when the electric generator 4 is started in the electric motor mode, and in the steady state the electric power is not consumed, but only produced, the temperature and pressure level in the energy-saturated section between the turbocharger 1 and the turbine 3 is reduced, since Part of the energy is transferred by the saturated vapor of the humidifier, and the reduction of these parameters entails a reduction in the heat dissipation, thereby increasing the permissible power of the device implementing the method. Since the working medium circulates in the circuit only in the gas phase, the conditions of regenerative heat exchange with the coolant are improved. Due to the fact that it is rational to use only absolutely environmentally friendly materials as a working fluid and its humidifier, its work in any capacity is absolutely safe in this sense. Due to a significant reduction in fuel consumption for the generation of electricity, the application of this method will help to reduce the level of greenhouse warming.

CLAIM

1. A method for converting low-potential heat, in which a gaseous working medium located in a circuit comprising an evaporator is compressed by a supercharger, followed by a transfer of its energy into operation, expansion and lowering of temperature, and then restoring the heat of the working fluid by means of an external coolant upon the return of the working fluid In a supercharger, characterized in that a liquid humidifier is supplied to the evaporator by means of a condensate pump, which is sprayed and evaporated in the working body until it is completely saturated with the transition of the heat trapped in the working body into the latent heat of the vapors, and the transfer of the energy of compression of the working substance into mechanical work is carried out in Power turbine with simultaneous expansion, and with the condensation of the humidifier vapor in it and the conversion of their latent heat and into mechanical work and then into electric power, the condensate of the humidifier is returned to its pump, and the working medium is returned to the supercharger through a heat exchanger in which the heat of the worker Body, which is used as a gas with a boiling point below the melting point of the humidifier, and as the latter, a liquid with a boiling point above ambient temperature.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying and evaporation of the humidifier is carried out in an evaporator under pressure generated by a supercharger, which is a turbocharger.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the power of the power turbine is used to operate the turbocharger.

print version
Date of publication 07.01.2007gg

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