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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2224190
DEVICE FOR THERMAL AND ELECTRIC ENERGY
Name of the inventor: Shalaev Nikolai; Novosel Oleg
The name of the patentee: Nikolai Shalaev; Novosel Oleg
Address for correspondence:. 115230, Moscow, Kashirskoye sh, 05/01/66, VG Kopaev
Starting date of the patent: 2003.04.23
The invention relates to heat engineering and electrical engineering and can be used in the combination device producing thermal and electrical energy to improve the efficiency of converting thermal energy into electrical energy while increasing use of thermal energy released by the burner. This result provides an apparatus comprising a burner on fossil fuel, heat exchangers, thermoelectric battery, a heat exchanger which directs heat from the thermoelectric battery, water heater located above the heat exchangers, and a power rack. There compression elements, such as the poppet type. The device can be reduced to a minimum temperature difference at the cold junctions of thermoelectric batteries and simultaneously make better use of the thermal energy released by the burner, which can significantly increase the efficiency of the device.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to heat engineering and electrical fields and can be used in the combination device producing simultaneously heat energy and convert thermal energy directly into electricity.
Known combined device through a thermoelectric generator comprising a gas burner, thermoelectric battery with fins on the cold junctions and chimney (. Cm Anatychuk LI Thermoelements and thermoelectric devices (directory), Naukova Dumka, 1979, s.357). In the known device is provided with a vent pipe thermal switch, which allows the autumn-winter period of the heat coming from the exhaust pipe, used to heat the room, which houses electronic equipment.
The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of converting thermal energy into electrical energy due to poor heat dissipation of heat coming from the cold junctions of thermoelectric batteries.
The closest the technical essence and achieved result to the claimed is a device for the production of thermal and electric energy, comprising a burner on fossil fuel, heat sink, thermoelectric battery, heat sink system and a power rack (see auth.. St. USSR 439252, cl. Of H 01 L 35/02, 1978). In the known device the heat of the burner enters the interior cavity of the heat exchanger is constructed as a tube on the outer surface of which placed the thermoelectric battery, wherein the heat energy exiting with the cold junctions of the thermoelectric battery is discharged circulating liquid coolant washes these junctions.
The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of the heat energy released by the burner. Because the thermoelectric generator are released with the temperature of the burner combustion products at 100-150 o C above the temperature of the hot junction of the thermoelectric battery. Thermoelectric generators using low-temperature thermoelectric materials (Bi, Te, Se, Sb), the temperature of combustion products emitted 350-400 o C, and thermoelectric batteries using semiconductor materials for medium, this temperature is between 550-700 o C, which corresponds to the selection of heat generated by the burner 82% and 70%. Furthermore, in the known device can not provide a sufficiently effective heat removal from the cold junctions of the thermoelectric battery, since the velocity with which the heat transfer fluid washes the cold junctions of the thermoelectric battery, is quite low due to the large flow resistance, and therefore the cold junctions of the thermoelectric battery temperature is close to the vapor-liquid mixture .
The invention aims to improve the efficiency of converting thermal energy into electrical energy while increasing the efficiency of use of the heat energy released by the burner.
Achieving these objectives is provided by the new device, producing electricity and heat, containing a burner on fossil fuel, heat sink, thermoelectric battery, heat sink system and a power rack, with heat removal system consists of two parts, one of which is in the form teplobmennika, discharging heat from thermopiles, and the other - as a heater located above the heat sink, while preferably a heat exchanger discharging heat from the thermoelectric battery, perform a rectangular profile pipe system; heat exchanger which directs heat from the thermoelectric battery, perform with internal ribbing. The use of a heat exchanger designed as a system, effectively escaping the heat coming from the cold junction of the thermoelectric battery, minimizes the temperature drop on the cold junctions of thermoelectric batteries and thus increase the efficiency of converting thermal energy into electrical energy by increasing the temperature difference in the thermoelectric batteries. Water heater disposed above the heat sink in a stream of combustion products of the burner, preferably made as a round pipe or planar outer surfaces developed, allowing further use of thermal energy released by the burner. It is preferred to carry out both parts of the same heat sink system with hydraulic resistance, which allows for a lower overall pressure drop and improved heatsink thermopiles cold junctions and thus increase the efficiency of converting thermal energy into electrical energy. Using the heater can further use the thermal energy of the combustion products of the burner for heating the coolant exiting from the thermoelectric generator. Using heat from the heat sink of the cold junctions system thermopiles in a rectangular tube profile can increase the heat removal surface and accordingly reduce the temperature difference in the area of the cold junctions thermopiles. This also contributes to the internal cavity teploobennika fins, remove heat from the cold junctions of thermoelectric batteries.
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The accompanying drawings depict: Figure 1 - general view of the inventive device (isometric view), 2 - cross-section of the inventive device.
The apparatus comprises a burner 1, a fossil fuel with a casing 2, a power rack 3, heat exchangers 4, diverting heat from the cold junctions of the thermoelectric battery 5, the heat receiver 6, lines 7, are part of the cylinder 8, provided with a housing 9, a compression system consisting of Belleville springs screws 10 and 11, and a common device housing 12.
Thermoelectric battery 5 operate generally as parallel-series-connected thermocouples made from high-performance semiconductor material (e.g., Bi, Te, Se- "n" -type, Bi, Te, Sb- "p" type). Heat sink 6 is made of highly heat-conducting material (eg, aluminum and its alloys) and is provided with fins to increase the heat transfer surface area between the burner 1 and the heat receiving unit 6. The Belleville springs 10 and screws 11 serve to compress thermopiles 5, 6 and the heat sink 4, heat exchangers, and and to compensate for thermal stresses occurring during heating and cooling devices.
The claimed device operates as follows. After ignition of the burner 1, burner combustion heat sink 6 is heated and the heat flow through the thermoelectric battery 5, which creates a temperature drop to, and in electrical load (not shown) enters the electric energy. The effluent from the heat sink 6, the heat flow is further heated coolant in the heater 8, and under the influence of the difference of the heat carrier densities at the inlet and outlet of the device takes place in the circulation of the coolant heat extraction system. The apparatus may be incorporated into the heating system to the boiler (not shown) as a natural circulation or forced. At the same time the circulation pump and automation system (not shown) are fed a part of the energy generated by the device, and most of the electricity generated is used to power household consumers.
Additional heating of the coolant in the water heater and receiving device more electricity it possible to increase the efficiency of the thermal energy released by the burner, and at the same time to increase the efficiency of 4-6% device with the extension product features.
CLAIM
Device for the production of thermal and electric energy, comprising a burner for fossil fuel, heat sink, thermoelectric battery, a heat sink system and the load frame, characterized in that the heat sink consists of two parts, one of which is designed as a heat exchanger remove heat from the thermoelectric battery, which is designed as a system of pipes having a rectangular cross section, and is provided with internal fins, and the other part is formed as a cylinder located above the heat sink.
print version
Publication date 07.01.2007gg
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