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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2010396
The thermoelectric element, thermoelectric elements BATTERY
AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING
Name of the inventor: Lidorenko Nikolai Stepanovich
The name of the patentee: Nikolai Stepanovich Lidorenko
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1993.04.12
Use: in the field of thermoelectric energy conversion. The inventive thermoelectric element comprises a plate or film semiconductor branch with n- and p-type conductivity and provided with an inner conductive layer to form a bipolar system. Semiconductor branches applied to the faces of the conductive layer, at the same time, on the borders of "metal - semiconductor" quasi-two formed patterns of electrical charges. Battery thermoelectric elements contains at least two thermoelectric elements, semiconductor branch with n- conductivity type one of which is combined with the semiconductor branch of the p-type conductivity and the other through a common conductive layer. Peltier elements may be connected in parallel or in a combination is combined in series and parallel connected links. When manufacturing the thermoelectric semiconductor elements and batteries branches n- and p-type conductivity is applied to the faces of the conductive layer. Semiconductor branches may be deposited, deposited or electrically produced by ion implantation. Connection of thermocouples can be carried out under pressure with control of electrical parameters.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of thermoelectric energy conversion and can be used in the development of bipolar devices and thermoelectric elements based on them.
Known thermoelectric element comprising a conduction branch of the n- and p-type, made in the form of polycrystalline blocks are coated with insulating coverings, tires connected switching [1].
The disadvantage of the thermoelectric element and battery on its base is a low efficiency and a significant consumption of materials.
The closest to the invention is a plate or film thermocouple having semiconductor branch n- and p-type conductivity and current collecting apparatus [2]. The battery of thermocouples such package is a multilayer film of alternating n- and p-conductivity type, fitted at the ends of current collecting plates.
The disadvantage of this fuser and battery based on its efficiency is low efficiency.
A method of making a thermoelectric element and a known battery including the steps of manufacturing the semiconductor plate and film branches with n- and p-type conductivity and connecting them to the thermodynamic pair.
The disadvantage of this method is the inability to obtain the thermoelectric devices with high efficiency.
The task of the present invention to provide a battery and a thermoelectric element having high efficiency.
To solve this problem a thermoelectric element comprising a semiconductor film or plate branch with n- and p-type conductivity and current collecting apparatus provided with an inner conductive layer, preferably a metal, to form a bipolar system, wherein the semiconductor branch with n- and p-conductivity types applied to the faces of the electrically conductive layer and at interfaces "metal-semiconductor" quasi- two-dimensional structures are formed by electric charges.
The electrically conductive layer may be made of a metal or metalloprovodyaschey film and / or foil, and / or plate with a smooth or rough and / or space developed surface.
A slip device, or at least one of its contact can be made and attached to clamping the semiconductor layer through the branch conductive grease or graphite composites phytic metallographic.
The thermoelectric element may be enclosed in a protective capsule or provided with a protective layer on one or both sides.
Protective capsule can be evacuated or filled with an inert atmosphere, in particular under excess pressure.
At least one branch of the semiconductor may be formed m thick monolayers chemical element or a semiconductor material forming the branch where m - integer monolayers, constituting branches of a thickness of 0.01 to 10 5 mm.
The conductive layer may be less than 1 micron thick. The conductive layer may be made a thickness of 1 to 50 microns. The conductive substrate may have a thickness of 60 to 500 microns.
The thermoelectric element may be formed as a tape or film, preferably coiled into a roll.
This object is achieved by the fact that the battery thermoelectric elements are electrically connected system including thermocouples containing film, or a plate or roller semiconductor branch with n- and p-type conductivity and current collecting device comprises at least two thermoelectric elements, each of which is provided with generally conductive inner layer, preferably a metal or metalloprovodyaschim to form a bipolar system, wherein semiconductor branch with n- and p-type conductivity are united with the faces of a common conductive layer to form at the interface "metal-semiconductor" quasi- two-dimensional structures of electric charges.
Bipolar thermoelectric elements are connected to the battery to form a coherent superposition of multilayer structures with alternating layers.
Compound of thermoelectric elements in the battery can be performed through a layer of graphite lubricant or the conductive layer of metallografitovyh composites.
Peltier elements may be connected in series, parallel, or combined as a combination of series or parallel connected units.
This object is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method for manufacturing a device comprising a film of semiconductor manufacturing operation branches with n- and p-type conductivity and connecting them in pairs thermodynamic providing reception electric current or cooling semiconductor branch with n- and p-types conductivity applied respectively faces the electroconductive layer, thus forming at least one bipolar system, which interfaces to "metal-semiconductor" quasi- two-dimensional structure form of electric charges.
Battery form successive bipolar elements overlaid to form a multilayer system comprising at least two electrically coupled thermocouple. Between two successively placed thermocouples mating conductive layer of grease or graphite composites metallografitovyh.
Compound thermocouples in the battery is performed under pressure, while controlling the electrical parameters.
At least one semiconductor branch or portion thereof may be made by spraying, by electrolytic deposition or by ion implantation.
The invention is illustrated by a drawing.
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FIG. Thermoelectric element 1 is performed in a roll; FIG. 2 - bipolar battery; FIG. 3-5 - switching options for elements in the thermopile.
A thermoelectric element comprising semiconductor branch 1 with n-type and 2 with p-type conductivity, which is placed between the conductive base 3, at the same time acts as an internal collector. The thermoelectric element and the thermoelectric battery provided with external current collectors 4 and 5. The conductive base 3 can be made of metal or metalloprovodnoy film or foil or the plate in the thickness range from a monolayer to tens of microns and have smooth or space developed surface, including varying degrees of roughness.
The current collectors 4 and 5 may be welded to the surface of a thermoelectric element or clamping implemented. The presser performed for better electric contact between the working surface of the current collector and the surface of the thermoelectric element may be a layer of conductive grease or graphite composites metallografitovyh.
The invention provides external protection options contact surfaces (not shown), or encapsulation, for example by entering into the shell 6, as shown fragmentarily in FIG. 5. To operate in different environments and difficult temperature condition provides additional protection of the thermoelectric elements and battery of sealed capsules evacuation or introduction in recent inert media as inert gases or liquids.
Semiconductor branches 1 and 2 may be made with considerable variation in thickness from a few monolayers to tens of microns.
Battery thermoelectric elements or the variant version can be used with various switching schemes - from serial and parallel (Figure 5.) To the combination (Figure 4.).
To improve the efficiency of individual thermoelectric elements at their conjugation to the battery can be connected via a conductive layer 7 of grease or graphite composites metallografitovyh thickness, for example, from 5 to 15 microns.
The invention provides a variant of the fuser roll or thermocouples battery.
To roll fuser or performance bipolar battery of thermocouples provided accommodation option heating element 8 in the center on the axis of the roll. Thus the heating can be done, for example, a nuclear reactor fuel element or solar liquid or gas heater (Fig. 5).
Compound 3 bases conductive semiconductor layers 1 and 2 of n- and p-type conductivity in the described bipolar device system "+ metal-semiconductor", which systems are quasi- two-dimensional electrical charges, resulting in a significant reduction of electrical and thermal losses resulting in increased system efficiency in forward and reverse cycles t. e. when electric power generation during approach and retraction in the preparation of heat and cold and heat by passing an electric current.
Example. Metalloprovodyaschuyu on clean film of copper, aluminum or iron 4 10-10 microns thick or galvanic deposition in a vacuum is applied to both sides of the semiconductor branch with n- and p-conductivity 0.01-10 microns thick. To maximize thermodynamic differences semiconductor branches as used, for example, respectively of iron oxide and selenium.
The resulting thermoelectric element by passing the heat perpendicular to the layers used alone or as part of the thermoelectric battery.
Thermopiles made consistent across the overlay layer of graphite lubricant 5-15 microns thickness of two or more thermoelectric elements. Pre-assembled battery is kept at a pressure of 1-5 atm / cm 2 and an electrically controlled process.
As shown by the experimental study, the thermoelectric elements and batteries are efficient and provide improved efficiency in electric power generation or cooling by tens of percent higher than that achieved in the control of a known type thermocouples. (56)
1. Author's certificate USSR N 455702, cl. H 01 L 35/02, 1973.
2. UK Patent N 2227881, cl. H 01 L 35/02, 1990.
CLAIM
The thermoelectric element, thermoelectric elements BATTERY AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING
1. Tepmoelektpichesky element sodepzhat film or plate poluppovodnikovye branches with n- and p-types ppovodimosti and current collection to device, characterized in that it is provided with the indoor elektpoppovodyaschim layer ppeimuschestvenno metal with FORMATION bipolyapnoy system, DURING this poluppovodnikovye branches with n- and p -type ppovodimosti applied to facial povephnosti elektpoppovodyaschego layer and on the boundaries section "metallpoluppovodnik" obpazovany kvazidvumepnye struct of elektpicheskih zapyadov.
2. An element according to Claim. 1, characterized in that elektpoppovodyaschy layer made of a metal or metalloppovodyaschey film and / or foil, and / or plates.
3. An element according to claim. 1 and 2, characterized in that the layer is made elektpoppovodyaschy smooth or shepohovatoy and / or ppostpanstvenno povephnosti EVOLUTION.
4. An element according to claim. 1 - 3, characterized in that the slip devices, or by one of its kpayney mepe ppizhimnym contact is made.
5. An element according to claim. 4, characterized in that at kpayney mepe one contact to the collector to device ppisoedinen poluppovodnikovoy branch chepez tokoppovodyaschey layer of grease or gpafita metallogpafitovyh composites.
6. The element of claim. 1 - 5, characterized in that it is enclosed in a protective capsule.
7. The element of claim. 1 - 5, characterized in that it is provided with a protective layer povephnostnym one or two sideways.
8. The element of claim. 6, characterized in that the protective capsule vakuumipovana.
9. The element of claim. 6, characterized in that the protective capsule is filled ineptnym gas.
10. The use of claim. 6, characterized in that the protective capsule is filled ineptnoy Spedi pressurized.
11. Element according to claims. 1 - 5, characterized in that at one kpayney mepe branch poluppovodnikovaya m in thickness made of monolayers of a chemical element or substance poluppovodnika, CL branch, where m - integer monolayers, constituting branches of a thickness of 0.01 5 to 10 microns.
12. Element according to claims. 1 - 6, characterized in that elektpoppovodyaschy layer is less than 1 micron thick.
13. Element according to claims. 1 - 6, characterized in that the layer is made elektpoppovodyaschy thickness of 1 to 50 microns.
14. Element according to claims. 1 - 11, characterized in that the layer is made elektpoppovodyaschy thickness from 50 to 500 microns.
15. Element according to claims. 1 - 5, characterized in that it is made in the form of a tape or film svepnutoy in rolls, with the indoor or the outdoor obogpevom.
16. Batapeya tepmoelektpicheskih elements, including a system of connected elektpicheski tepmoelektpicheskih elements sodepzhat film or plate or Roller poluppovodnikovye branches with n- and p-types ppovodimosti and current collection to device, characterized in that it contains the tepmoelektpicheskih least two elements, each of eccentricity is provided with the indoor elektpoppovodyaschim layer ppeimuschestvenno metal or metalloppovodyaschim with FORMATION bipolyapnyh systems, DURING this poluppovodnikovye branches with n- and p-types of surfaces facial ppovodimosti combined with the general elektpoppovodyaschim layer on FORMATION BOUNDARY section "metal poluppovodnik" kvazidvumepnyh struct of elektpicheskih zapyadov.
17. Batapeya of claim. 16, characterized in that tepmoelektpicheskie elements are connected in series with the imposition of the structure to a multilayer FORMATION chepeduyuschimisya layers.
18. Batapeya of claim. 17 wherein the elements are connected by tepmoelektpicheskie povephnosti chepez gpafitovoy layer or lubricant layer chepez elektpoppovodyaschy metallogpafitovyh composites.
19. Batapeya of claim. 16 wherein the tepmoelektpicheskie elements connected in series.
20. Batapeya of claim. 16 wherein the elements are connected tepmoelektpicheskie Combination paralleling or in combination of series connected units or paralleling.
21. A method of manufacturing an element and tepmoelektpicheskogo batapei tepmoelektpicheskih elements comprising opepatsii film manufacturing poluppovodnikovyh branches with n- and p-types ppovodimosti compounds in their tepmodinamicheskie papy providing reception elektpicheskogo current or cooling, characterized in that poluppovodnikovye branch with n- and p -type ppovodimosti applied accordingly to the personal povephnosti elektpoppovodyaschego layer DURING this fopmipuyut on kpayney mepe one bipolyapnuyu system in eccentricity at the boundary section "metal poluppovodnik" CL kvazidvumepnye struct of elektpicheskih zapyadov.
22. The method of claim. 21 wherein batapei fopmipuyut sequential elements overlay tepmoelektpicheskih FORMATION multilayer systems on sodepzhat kpayney mepe two elektpicheski soppyazhennyh tepmoelektpicheskih element.
23. The method of claim. 21 and 22, characterized in that between at kpayney mepe two consecutive soppyagaemymi tepmoelektpicheskimi elements pazmeschayut elektpoppovodyaschy layer of grease or gpafitovoy metallogpafitovyh composites.
24. The method of claim. 21 - 23, characterized in that the connection elements tepmoelektpicheskih batapeyu ppoizvodyat pressurized DURING this kontpolipuyut elektpicheskie PARAMETERS.
25. The method of claim. 21 - 24, characterized in that at kpayney mepe poluppovodnikovuyu one branch or a portion thereof is made by spraying or elektpoliticheskim deposition or ion implantation.
print version
Publication date 13.02.2007gg
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