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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2198310

METHOD OF ENERGY With high efficiency

METHOD OF ENERGY With high efficiency

Name of the inventor: IYDZIMA Masaki (JP); Kazuto KOBAYASHI (JP); Moriwaki Masayuki (JP); Masatoshi Shibata (JP); HYAKUTAKE Yoshinori (JP)
The name of the patentee: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. (JP)
Patent Attorney: Olga Ivanova Filip
Address for correspondence: 103735, Moscow, ul. Ilinka, 5/2 "Sojuzpatent" pat.pov. O.F.Ivanovoy, reg. number 0331
Starting date of the patent: 2000.09.07

The invention relates to a process for the production of high energy efficiency. The power generation method by using post-combustion exhaust gas system using at least a gas turbine, a steam generator and a steam turbine, in which crude oil or heavy oil is distilled under reduced pressure, electrical energy is produced by using the obtained light fraction of crude oil or heavy oil as a fuel for gas turbines and the use of heavy fractions of crude oil or heavy oil as fuel for the steam generator. The invention increases the ratio of power generation with respect to fuel and more efficient use of high temperature heat.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a process for the production of high energy efficiency.

In recent years, it has been studied fractional distillation of crude oil or heavy oil in power plants and installations for power generation. The light oil fraction (low boiling component temperature) obtained by fractional (fractional) distillation, fed to the gas turbine and are burned therein, whereby electric power is produced. The high-temperature exhaust gas resulting from combustion in the gas turbine is fed to a steam instead of air, a heavy fraction oil (component with high boiling point) is combusted in the steam generator, while the steam turbine is rotated by high-temperature high-pressure steam produced in the steam generator, whereby pro plagued electricity. In other words, a method in which electricity is produced at the time how the so-called over-power (repowering), wherein gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to the steam generator and afterburned.

As means for distilling crude oil or heavy oil is usually applied atmospheric (open) distilling, at which the distillation of crude oil or heavy oil is heated to about 360 o C. The heating furnace is generally used to achieve the above-mentioned heating temperature as the heating means. In the heating furnace to produce heat energy fuel burns and heats the oil supply through the heat radiation emitted from fuel combustion and convection of the combustion products.

The use of such a heating furnace allows easy heating crude oil or heavy oil to a high temperature. However, the use of such a heating furnace entails problems such as heat loss of exhaust gas, low heating capacity, the need for processing SO x and NO x in the exhaust gas.

The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and accordingly an object of the present invention is to provide a method for production of energy with a high efficiency, which does not use a heating furnace, and therefore solve the problem of heat loss of exhaust gas, being added in energy production exhaust gas to be processed there is no load SO x and nO x, resulting in a further increased energy performance of the entire system of the exhaust gas afterburning.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of producing electricity with high efficiency post-combustion system using exhaust gas, using at least a gas turbine, a steam generator and a steam turbine, comprising the steps of heating crude oil or heavy oil with steam obtained in the boiler; distilling crude oil or heavy oil under reduced pressure; and power generation by using the light oil fraction as a gas turbine fuel and by using a heavy oil fraction as a fuel for the steam generator.

According to the present invention, crude oil or heavy oil can be heated slightly by using an effective heat exchange between the crude oil or heavy oil and light oil or oil fraction and / or heavy oil fraction obtained in a distillation column unit.

Furthermore, according to the present invention as a means for reducing the pressure in the vacuum distillation may be used by a steam ejector.

The present invention provides a method for power generation with high efficiency, which does not use a heating furnace, and therefore solve the problem of heat loss of exhaust gas and there is no load to be processed SO x and NO x in the exhaust gas being added to the system power output, resulting in a further increase energy performance of the whole system of post-combustion flue gas.

Next, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described embodiments of the present invention.

1 is a schematic sketch of one embodiment of the separation system by distillation of crude oil or heavy oil in a method for power generation systems with high efficiency with the exhaust gas afterburning system according to the present invention.

2 is a graph which shows the curve A crude evaporation in a vacuum distillation column in the production process with high energy efficiency according to the present invention in comparison with the curve A evaporation crude oil atmospheric known (public) distillation column.

3 is a graph which shows the curve B crude evaporation in a vacuum distillation column in the production process with high energy efficiency according to the present invention in comparison with the curve in the vaporization of crude oil atmospheric known (public) distillation column.

4 is a graph which shows the evaporation curve C in crude oil vacuum distillation column in a method of energy production with high efficiency according to the present invention in comparison with C in the evaporation crude known atmospheric (open) the distillation column.

5 is a graph which shows the curve D crude evaporation in a vacuum distillation column in the production process with high energy efficiency according to the present invention in comparison with the curve D evaporation in known crude oil atmospheric (open) the distillation column.

6 is a graph which shows the curve E evaporation in a vacuum crude distillation column in the production process with high energy efficiency according to the present invention compared with the curve E in evaporation crude known atmospheric (open) the distillation column.

Next, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a method for power generation with high efficiency according to the present invention.

1 is a schematic sketch of the system embodiment separation by distillation of crude oil or heavy oil in a method for power generation systems with high efficiency according to the present invention using the exhaust gas afterburning system.

Distillation apparatus according to this embodiment includes a heater 1, a vacuum distillation column 2 and 3, a steam ejector.

The heater 1 is a means for heating crude oil or heavy oil by heat exchange between steam and crude oil or heavy oil. The steam supplied from the steam generator (not shown). The steam produced in the steam generator is sent to a steam turbine for rotating it, whereby electricity is generated. Steam is supplied to the heater 1 is a steam which has been used to drive a steam turbine to produce electricity. Usually, steam is a steam turbine having a temperature of about 600 o C, and after power generation its pressure and temperature are about 20 kg / cm 2 G and about 200 to about 230 o C, respectively. The heater 1 is supplied with steam having a pressure of about 20 kg / cm 2 G and a temperature of about 200-230 o C.

The vacuum distillation column 2 is an apparatus for distilling crude oil or heavy oil under reduced pressure. Vacuum distillation column generally has two tiered plate, and light and heavy crude oil or heavy oil fraction accumulate at the upper and lower parts respectively.

Steam ejector 3, which is a device to reduce the pressure in the vacuum distillation column 2, sucks gas in the distillation column, causing steam to flow at a high speed, whereby pressure in the vacuum distillation column 2 is reduced to a value below atmospheric pressure.

Next, a variant of the method of production of electric power with high efficiency according to the present invention using the system of the embodiment shown in Figure 1.

Crude oil or heavy oil supplied as a fuel in power station passes through the heater 1 through a supply line L1 and are fed to the vacuum distillation column 2. As described above, the heater 1 is supplied with steam which has been used to drive a steam turbine to generate electricity. This steam, having a pressure of about 20 kg / cm 2 G and a temperature of about 200-230 o C, heats the crude oil or heavy oil flowing in the heater 1 to a temperature of about 200 o C.

The pressure in the internal cavity of the vacuum distillation column 2 is reduced due to the sucking action of the steam ejector 3. In the vacuum distillation column 2, in which the pressure is lowered (50 mm Hg) the crude oil or heavy oil is subjected to distillation, and light oil fraction or heavy oil effectively evaporates even at a temperature of about 200 o C. The light and heavy fractions of crude oil or heavy oil are separated from the upper and lower parts of the vacuum distillation column 2, respectively.

As seen from the graphs of FIG. 2-6, which show curves evaporation crude A to E (A to E denote the classification of the producing zone, giving crude oil), the boiling temperature component is reduced under reduced pressure, and the evaporation curves are shifted from (A) to (B). Even at a temperature of about 200 o C effectively carried evaporation, condensation and fractional distillation.

Sodium, vanadium, potassium, and other components which are harmful to the gas turbine, should naturally be removed from the light fraction of crude oil or heavy oil. As shown by the present invention, components such as sodium, vanadium, and potassium do not evaporate in distilling crude oil or heavy oil as they are absent in the light fraction. Therefore, light oil fraction can be a high quality fuel for the gas turbine.

The light fraction of crude oil or heavy oil is fed to the separation tank in such a way that it can be absorbed steam ejector 3, and is separated in a separation tank 4 in gaseous and liquid components. The liquid component, which is a light fraction of crude oil or heavy oil, is fed from the bottom of the separation tank 4 pump 7. Part of it is circulated to the top of the vacuum distillation column 2, the rest of it is stored in the storage tank 5. The gas component is taken from the top of the separation tank 4. The light fraction is subjected to heat exchange with the crude oil or heavy oil in the heat exchanger 6 during the period when it is sucked into the steam ejector 3, by which the crude oil or heavy oil is heated.

The heavy fraction is fed from the bottom of the vacuum distillation column 2 the pump 8 and accumulates in the storage tank 10 for the heavy fraction. The heavy fraction was pumped through the heat exchanger 9 on the way to the storage tank 10, whereby heat exchange is carried out between the heavy fraction and crude oil or heavy oil, and heated oil or oil.

Light and heavy fractions of crude oil or heavy oil accumulated in the storage tanks 5 and 10, respectively, are selected for use as a fuel, if necessary. In some systems the light and heavy fraction of crude oil or heavy oil can be sent directly to a subsequent stage power generating process without passing through the storage tank.

The light fraction of crude oil or heavy oil is used as fuel for the gas turbine, and the heavy fraction is used as fuel for the steam generator. Combustion gas turbine exhaust gas as a fuel for steam, which is about 13 vol.% Or more of oxygen, does not cause any impediment to its combustion in the boiler. Since in the steam generator can be utilized effectively a high temperature thermal energy of about 580 o C, which is the gas turbine exhaust gas, it is possible to save fuel for the steam generator. The amount of energy produced as a whole can be increased, and can be increased and the power generation rate with respect to the fuel. That is, the energy can be overproduction (repowering).

Furthermore, according to this embodiment of the process of energy production can be used effectively pairs originally present in the power, with no problems of heat loss of exhaust gas in addition to the processing load on SO x and NO x in exhaust gas because no heating furnace is used. That is, in other words, power generation efficiency of the afterburning of the exhaust gas system as a whole can be further increased.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, it is not limited thereto. All modifications, changes and additions can be easily made by those skilled in the art, fall within the scope of the present invention. In the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 1, a vacuum distillation column has a reduced pressure of 50 mm Hg. However, this reduced pressure may vary from 30 mm Hg to 500 mm Hg, depending on the conditions.

CLAIM

A method of energy production with high efficiency, intended for power generation using a post-combustion system of exhaust gas, using at least a gas turbine, a steam generator and a steam turbine, comprising: heating crude oil or heavy oil with steam obtained from the steam generator, conducting the distillation of crude oil or heavy oil under reduced pressure and implementation of power generation by using the resulting light crude oil fraction or heavy oil as a fuel for the gas turbine and by using a heavy fraction of crude oil or heavy oil as a fuel for steam, heat exchange between the crude oil or heavy and light oil or crude oil fraction or heavy oil or heavy crude oil or heavy oil fraction, whereby said crude oil or heavy oil is heated, thus, as a means for reducing the pressure in the vacuum distillation using a steam ejector.

print version
Publication date 13.02.2007gg