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THERMOELECTRIC SOURCES OF CURRENT
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2232903

CATALYTIC HEAT ELECTRIC POWER STATION. CATALYTIC REACTOR

CATALYTIC HEAT ELECTRIC POWER STATION. CATALYTIC REACTOR

The name of the inventor: Polivoda AI. (RU); Polivoda F.A. (RU); Tsoy AD (RU); Tsoy K.A. (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Tsoi Konstantin Aleksandrovich (RU)
Address for correspondence: 105425 , Moscow, Sirenevy bp, 12, building 1, sq. 50, pat. T.G. Goryachkina, reg. № 152
Date of commencement of the patent: 2000.02.15

The invention relates to thermal power plants for the environmentally friendly generation of electricity and heat supply to consumers. The thermal power plant consists of a catalytic reactor on a "fluidized fluidized bed", a turboexpander with an electric generator, regenerative heat exchangers installed in series, a traditional or air condenser with cooling. In parallel to the additional regenerative heat exchanger, a heat exchanger is connected through a bypass switch to which the heating plant pipes are connected. Bypass switch is designed to regulate the selection of thermal energy to the consumer. The catalytic reactor consists of a hollow body, in the lower part of which there is a "fluidized fluidized bed", a steam generator in the form of coils, a superheater partially immersed in the fluidized bed, a regenerator of waste gases above the gas distribution grate. The case is made with screen-vacuum insulation. The invention makes it possible to create fully autonomous environmentally friendly catalytic thermal power plants that solve the problem of decentralization of heat and power supply to the population.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to power plants for environmentally friendly power generation and consumer heat supply, in particular as replacement power plants. The invention can be used as a basis for autonomous mobile quick-assembly mini-electric power plants for industrial and household facilities, but also as emergency and peak power stations in power systems.

As an analogue of the proposal, a well-known solar combined power plant including circulating heat transfer loops from a modular mirror parabolic solar energy concentrator and from high-temperature photothermal and photoelectric heat generators is provided, equipped with a duplicating heat source for power generation in a steam power cycle in the form of a catalytic reactor with sectional heat exchangers with absorption heat pipes. The power plant is equipped with a motor in the form of a volumetric rotary steam engine (turboexpander), which has advantages over the turbine in terms of reliability and metal capacity (RF patent No. 21111422, publ., 20.05.98).

The drawbacks of the analogue are a large area of ​​solar energy receivers, a high cost of equipment, a large building area with a decrease in land use efficiency.

As a prototype of a catalytic thermal power plant with a steam power cycle, a power plant with a combined steam power cycle is adopted, including a steam-powered circuit with a vapor-liquid working body consisting of a catalytic reactor, a turboexpander with an electric power generator, a condenser with cooling, a feed pump, a regenerative heat exchanger (RF patent No. 2122264, 27.11.98). The known power station excludes pollution of the atmosphere by oxides of nitrogen, sulfur, benzpyrene, etc., which increases the ecological purity of electricity generation. The disadvantages of the prototype include the high technical complexity of creating highly efficient panel catalytic heat generators. The need for frequent routine replacement of panels impregnated with a catalyst complicates the operation of the power plant, increases the cost of electricity.

As a prototype of a catalytic reactor-steam generator, a catalytic reactor is realized that implements a catalytic fuel combustion method comprising a hollow body inside which, in the lower part above the gas distribution grid, there is a "fluidized fluid bed" suspension of air-suspended granules of catalyst carriers, a central gas exhaust pipe (cm An example of the implementation of the method, proposed in the description of the RF patent No. 82698, published on May 30, 1983).

The disadvantage of the known catalytic reactor is the inability to produce steam, the more superheated with the parameters necessary for the operation of the steam engine.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the creation of completely autonomous catalytic thermal power stations that solve the problem of decentralization of heat and power supply to the population and industrial facilities, simplification of design, operation, increase in efficiency (for the use of thermal energy of fuel), and environmental cleanliness of heat and electricity.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a known thermal power plant with a steam-powered cycle, including a steam-powered circuit with a vapor-liquid working body consisting of a catalytic reactor, a turboexpander with an electric power generator, a condenser with cooling, a condensate pump, a regenerative heat exchanger, is provided with an additional regenerative heat exchanger installed in series with the first , And a heat exchanger with a bypass system with valves installed parallel to the additional regenerative heat exchanger, the input of the additional regenerative heat exchanger is connected to the output of the turbo expander, and the output through the air condenser and the condensate pump is to the cold part of the additional regenerative heat exchanger, the output of the catalytic reactor is connected to the input of the first expansion stage Turboexpander.

In a known catalytic reactor consisting of a hollow body, inside which a "fluidized fluidized bed" of air catalyst granules suspended in air, a central gas exhaust pipe is located in the lower part above the gas distribution grid, a steam generator, superheater and waste gas regenerator are introduced, the superheater is tubular and Partially in the upper part of the "fluidized fluidized bed", partially above it, the steam generator is made in the form of coils arranged concentrically around the central tube in the upper part of the hollow body, the waste gas regenerator is connected to the central pipe, the reactor vessel has screen-vacuum insulation.

CATALYTIC HEAT ELECTRIC POWER STATION. CATALYTIC REACTOR CATALYTIC HEAT ELECTRIC POWER STATION. CATALYTIC REACTOR

The essence of the proposed invention is explained by the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a general diagram of a catalytic thermal power plant; FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a catalytic reactor structure. FIG.

The catalytic thermal power plant includes a catalytic reactor 1, a turboexpander 2, which can be multistage with, for example, the first expansion stage 3 and the subsequent expansion stage 4. An electric generator 5 is located on the shaft of the turboexpander 2. The output of the first expansion stage 3 of the turboexpander 2 is connected to the input of the first regenerative heat exchanger 6, the output of the subsequent expansion stage 4 is connected to an additional regenerative heat exchanger 7. In parallel with the additional regenerative heat exchanger 7, a heat exchanger 9 is connected through the system (bypass switch) of bypasses with valves, which serves for the selection of heat energy, that is, the heat-pipe pipes are connected to it. Bypass switch is designed to regulate the selection of thermal energy to the consumer. The output of the additional regenerative heat exchanger 7 through the bypass switch 8 is connected to the air or conventional condenser 10 with a cooling system whose output, in turn, through the condensate pump 11, the system of regenerative heat exchangers 6 and 7 is connected to the inlet of the catalytic reactor. In the heat exchanger 9, a part of the working fluid can pass into the liquid phase entering and entering the condensate pump 11.

The catalytic reactor 1 consists of a hollow body 12 inside which a gas distribution grid 13 is mounted in the lower part with a clearance with respect to the bottom of the housing 12. A "fluidized fluidized bed" 14 of a suspension of air-suspended pellets of catalyst carriers is disposed above the gas distribution grid 13. In the upper part of the hollow body 12, a central pipe 15 is provided for the discharge of off-gases. Around the central tube 15 there is a steam generator 16 which is made in the form of several tubular coils arranged concentrically around the central pipe 15. The steam generator 16 with a steam receptacle 17 which is installed in the flow path of the off-gases. The coils are connected to the lower condensate collector 18. Inside the central tube 15, a tubular superheater 19 is partially immersed in the "fluidized fluidized bed", which is in the form of a coil. The superheater 19 of the catalytic reactor 1 is connected via a conduit to the input of a steam engine, for example a turbo expander (in this case). The catalytic reactor is equipped with a regenerator 20 of flue gases (exhaust gases). The housing 12 comprises screen-vacuum insulation.

The catalytic thermal power plant and the catalytic reactor work as follows.

The operation of a catalytic thermal power plant is based on the use of the energy of a thermodynamic steam-power cycle with a steam engine, mainly in the form of a turboexpander 2 and a catalytic reactor 1. Saturated or superheated steam with high pressure and temperature (a two-phase working fluid) flows through the pipelines to the input of the rotors of the first expansion stage 3 of a multistage stage Generally, a turboexpander 2 has an electric generator 5 on its shaft. From the output of the first stage 3 of the turboexpander 2, the steam enters the first regenerative heat exchanger 6 of the condensate preheating and then the steam goes to the rotors of the subsequent expansion stage 4 of the turboexpander 2. After expansion in the rotors I and II stage and the mechanical work of the steam enters the second regenerative heat exchanger 7, where it gives some of the heat to the condensate. In parallel with the additional heat exchanger 7, a heat exchanger 9 is connected through the bypass switch 8, which serves for the selection of thermal energy, i. The pipes of the heating plant are connected to it. Bypass switch 8 is designed to regulate the selection of thermal energy to the consumer. From the output of the bypass switch 8, the working medium enters the air or traditional condenser 10 with the cooling system 7 in the vapor phase, in which steam is condensed into the liquid condensate pumped by the condensate (nutrient) pump 11 through the system of heat exchangers 6 and 7 to the inlet of the catalytic reactor 1. Thus, consumers from the output of the electric generator 5 receive electricity, and from the output of the heat exchanger 9 consumers receive hot water for heat supply. As a working fluid in a catalytic thermal power plant, water vapor or an organic working medium R216, etc. can be used. In the winter, mainly heating, operation mode of the catalytic thermal power plant, the bypass switch 8 includes the heat-exchange heat exchanger 9 in the steam-power cycle and disconnects the second regenerative heat exchanger 7. In this mode The thermal capacity of the power plant increases and the electric power is reduced, and the heat energy release through the cooling system of the condenser 10 can be reduced to zero and the condensation of the steam is carried out in the heat exchanger 9. In the summer operation mode, the heat exchanger 9 is turned off and the heat exchanger 7 is turned on. At the same time, the electric power of the thermal power plant is maximum, which requires the summer operating mode of electrical air conditioners in buildings. In the spring and autumn seasons, intermediate operation modes of the power plant are possible due to the redistribution of the heat energy flows between the condenser 10 and the heat exchanger 9 by means of the bypass switch 8 according to the specified program of the heat and electric load schedule of the consumer.

The catalytic reactor 1 is designed to produce saturated or superheated steam with the parameters necessary for use in steam engines with an electric generator in the production of electricity and heat. The operation of the catalytic reactor 1 is based on a low temperature combustion of 650-800 ° C of liquid or gaseous fuel in the presence of a catalyst applied to the surface of granules of a porous material up to 4 mm in size. With low-temperature combustion, there are no conditions for the formation of harmful emissions, mainly Nox and benzpyrene. In the catalytic reactor 1, air is introduced through the gas distribution grid 13 to lift the layer of granules with the catalyst, the granules begin to move randomly to form the so-called "fluidized fluidized bed" 5. Then, fuel is supplied to this layer, which, after ignition, Surface pore granules. In the upper part of the reactor, there is a central pipe 15 through which the exhaust gases pass. With waste gases, water or other working medium is heated in the coils of the steam generator 16, the steam thus formed is collected in a steam receptacle 17 located in the upper part of the reactor 1. From the vapor collector 17, the steam under pressure enters the superheater 19. In this case, the steam in the superheater 19 goes against the outgoing Gases. The steam superheater 19 is immersed in its lower part in the "fluidized fluidized bed" 14, which makes it possible to use part of the infrared radiation resulting from catalytic oxidation, thereby increasing the efficiency of the reactor. From the steam superheater, 19 pairs are piped through the pipeline to the input of a steam engine made in the form of a turbine, or preferably (in this case) a turbo expander, or another consumer. The reactor is structurally combined with a regenerator of the exhaust gases 20 for heating fuel and air. The housing 12 of the reactor 1 comprises a screen-vacuum insulation 21, which makes it possible to eliminate radiative heat losses. Reactor 1 can operate on various types of gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. They can be natural and liquefied gas, liquid and solid hydrocarbons, including kerosene, solar oil, heavy paraffins, fuel oil, crude oil, and granulated solid fuels such as coal, shales, peat, and wood. Another environmental advantage of the operation of such a catalytic reactor is the effect of "self-cleaning" when burning heavy fuel paraffin oil and solid greenhouses containing sulfur, which during catalytic oxidation and abrasion of granules goes to the slags precipitated in the cyclone. Slags as valuable raw materials can be used in the construction industry.

CLAIM

1. A catalytic steam-cycle power plant comprising a steam-powered circuit with a vapor-liquid working medium, consisting of a catalytic reactor connected to the input of a turboexpander with an electric power generator, a regenerative heat exchanger, an air condenser with cooling, the output of which through a condensate pump is connected to the inlet of a catalytic reactor, Heat exchanger is equipped with a bypass system with valves (bypass switch), with the input of an additional regenerative heat exchanger connected to the output of the turboexpander, and the output via a bypass switch with an air condenser, And the heat exchange heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the condensate pump.

2. A catalytic reactor consisting of a hollow body in which a "fluidized fluidized bed" of a suspension of air-suspended pellets of catalyst carriers, a central exhaust gas pipe, is located in the lower part above the gas distribution grid, characterized in that it is provided with a steam generator, a superheater and a regenerator And the steam generator is made in the form of coils arranged concentrically around the central tube in the upper part inside the hollow body, the superheater is in the form of a coil, partially immersed in a "fluidized fluidized bed", the regenerator of the combustion exhaust gases being connected to the central pipe, and The case has a screen-vacuum insulation.

print version
Published on February 14, 2007