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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2031527

BINARY MAGNETIC HYDRODYNAMIC POWER PLANT OF OPEN CYCLE

The name of the inventor: Bityurin VA; Zatelepin V.N.
The name of the patent holder: Institute of High Temperatures of the Scientific Association "IVTAN" RAS
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1992.10.30

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The binary open-cycle MHDES comprises a combustion chamber 1, an MHD generator channel 4, a steam generator 6, a steam extraction system 14, a condenser 12, a feed pump 13 and a turbine 10 connected to an electric generator 11. The combustion chamber and the MHD generator channel comprise systems 5, and a steam reheat system 17 common to the steam generator. The turbine is equipped with a system 15 of intermediate steam extraction. The oxidizer is compressed in the compressor 8 and heated in the direct heating system 7 and in the stand-alone heater 3. The steam extraction systems are connected to the reheating system of the combustion chamber and the channel of the MHD generator.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(EN) The invention relates to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) techniques, in particular to systems for converting thermal energy into electrical energy using industrial open-cycle MHD power plants (MHDES).

A binary open-cycle MHD power station is known that contains a combustion chamber with a fuel inlet and an oxidizer inlet that is connected to an oxidizer compressor through an autonomous oxidizer heater, an MHD generator channel, a steam generator with a direct steam generation system and a turbine connected to an electric generator [1].

However, the known binary open-cycle MHD power plant is not equipped with a heat recovery system for heating the oxidant, and this reduces the efficiency.

The closest in terms of technical essence to the proposed is a binary open-cycle MHD power station containing a combustion chamber with a fuel inlet, a cooling system and an oxidizer inlet that is connected to the output of an autonomous oxidizer heater, an MHD generator channel with a cooling system activated after the cooling system of the chamber A steam generator with a direct oxidizer heater system connected to a stand-alone oxidizer heater but after the oxidizer compressor and a direct steam generation system included after the cooling system of the MHD generator channel, a turbine connected to an electric generator, a series-connected capacitor and a feed pump connected With the input of the cooling system of the combustion chamber [2].

This open-cycle binary MHD power plant is highly efficient and has a large output power. However, in it the working medium entering the steam generator has a relatively high temperature, as a rule, not lower than 2300 K, which reduces the efficiency of energy conversion, since the temperature of the vapor does not exceed 870 K.

The invention solves the problem of creating a high-efficiency binary MHDES open cycle.

The essence of the invention is that in an open-cycle binary MHD power plant containing a combustion chamber with a fuel inlet, with a cooling system and an oxidizer inlet that is connected to the output of an autonomous oxidizer heater, the MHD generator channel with a cooling system activated after the cooling system Combustion chamber installed at the outlet of the MHD generator channel, a steam generator comprising a direct oxidizer heating system included between the oxidizer compressor and the autonomous oxidant heater, a direct steam generation system connected to the MHD generator channel cooling system, a steam turbine with an electric generator connected With the steam generator, to the output of which the condenser and the feed pump are connected in series, an output system connected to the inlet of the combustion system of the combustion chamber is additionally equipped with a steam collection system, an intermediate steam extraction system from the turbine, a steam generator reheat system, a combustion chamber combustion system and an MHD generator channel , A superheated steam injection system to the combustion chamber and an MHD generator channel, wherein the steam collection system is connected to an intermediate steam extraction system from the turbine and is installed between the output of the direct steam generation system and the turbine inlet, the superheater input is connected to the steam outlet, and Output - with a system for reheating the combustion chamber and the channel of the MHD generator, which is connected to the superheated steam injection system into the combustion chamber and the channel of the MHD generator.

The installation of the steam extraction system and the reheat system allows the steam to be heated and used in the thermodynamic cycle of the MHD generator channel at a higher temperature than that allowed by the steam turbine blades. The installation of a superheated steam injection system into the combustion chamber and the channel of the MHD generator makes it possible to efficiently effect the regeneration of the enthalpy in the thermodynamic cycle of the MHD power plant. At the same time, as a result of the supply of steam to the combustion chamber and the MHD channel, in addition to the actual process of enthalpy regeneration, a quasi-two-phase working body is formed, consisting of regions with a predominant vapor content and regions consisting of combustion products. The expansion of such a quasi-two-phase working body in an electromagnetic field leads to a nonlinear redistribution of energy between the zone occupied primarily by the vapor and the zone with the predominant content of the combustion products. The joint nonlinear interaction of these factors leads to an increase in the efficiency of the proposed binary open-cycle MHD power plant. In addition, the introduction of steam into the channel of the MHD generator makes it possible to reduce the average temperature of the working fluid at the output of the channel of the MHD generator and thereby simplify the design of the steam generator.

The figure shows the functional diagram of the proposed binary open-cycle MHD power plant.

The open-cycle binary MHDES comprises a combustion chamber 1 with a fuel inlet, a cooling system 2 and an oxidant inlet that is connected to the output of an autonomous oxidant heater 3, an MHD generator channel 4 with a cooling system 5 connected after the combustion chamber cooling system 2, Installed in the output of the channel of the MHD generator 4, a steam generator 6 comprising a direct oxidizer heating system 7 connected between the oxidizer compressor 8 and the autonomous oxidizer preheater 3, a direct steam generation system 9 connected to the MHD generator channel cooling system 5, a steam turbine 10 with an electric generator 11 connected to the steam generator 6 to the output of which the condenser 12 and the feed pump 13 are connected in series with the output connected to the input of the combustion system 2 of the combustion chamber, the steam extraction system 14, the intermediate steam extraction system 15 from the turbine 10, A steam generator 6, a combustion chamber reheat system 17 and an MHD generator channel, a superheated steam injection system 18 into the combustion chamber and the MHD generator cans.

The steam collection system 14 is connected to the intermediate steam extraction system 15 from the turbine 10 and is installed between the output of the direct steam generation system 9 and the inlet of the turbine 10. The input of the steam superheater 16 of the steam generator 6 is connected to the outlet of the steam extraction system 14 and the outlet to the steam reheating system 17 Combustion and the channel of the MHD generator which is connected to the superheated steam injection system 18 into the combustion chamber and the channel of the MHD generator.

MHDES WORKS AS FOLLOWS:

The combustion chamber receives fuel and an oxidizer pre-compressed in the compressor 8, then first heated in the direct heating system 7 and then in the stand-alone heater 3. The superheated steam in the system 16 of the steam generator 6 and the reheating system 17 of the combustion chamber and the MHD channel through the system 18 Injection of superheated steam is supplied to the combustion chamber 1 and the channel of the MHD generator 4. The cooling of the combustion chamber walls and the preheating of the feed water is provided by the combustion chamber system 2. Combustion products obtained by burning a mixture of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber 1 enter the channel of the MHD generator 4. Simultaneously, the superheated steam enters the combustion chamber and the channel of the MHD generator through the superheated steam injection system 18, thereby forming the working body of the channel MHD generator, which is involved in the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy. Cooling of the walls of the channel of the MHD generator is provided by the cooling system of the channel of the MHD generator, while the feed water is heated. After the channel of the MHD generator 4, the working medium enters the steam generator 6 where it provides heating of the oxidizer by means of the system 7, the generation of steam by the system 9 and the superheating of the steam taken by the system 14 and the system 15 from the turbine 10 in the system 16 of the steam generator 6.

Then, the steam is further superheated in the combustion chamber system 17 and the MHD channel and enters the combustion chamber 1 and the MHD channel. The steam reheat 16 of the steam generator 6, the superheater 17 of the combustion chamber and the MHD channel and the injection of superheated steam 18 ensure the use of steam in the binary cycle at a higher temperature, the return of a significant fraction of the enthalpy for the conversion of thermal energy in the high-temperature cycle of the MHD generator channel, Energy in the quasi-two-phase working body of the MHD generator, which increases the efficiency of the binary MHD power plant.

CLAIM

BINARY MAGNETIC HYDRODYNAMIC OPEN CYCLE POWER PLANT, comprising a combustion chamber with a fuel inlet, a cooling system and an oxidant inlet that is connected to the outlet of an autonomous oxidizer heater, an MHD generator channel with a cooling system included in the cooling circuit after the combustion chamber cooling system installed At the output of the MHD generator channel, a steam generator comprising a direct oxidizer heating system included between the oxidizer compressor and the autonomous oxidant heater, a direct steam generation system connected to the MHD generator channel cooling system, a steam turbine with an electric generator connected to the steam generator to The output of which is connected in series to a condenser and a feed pump whose output is connected to the input of the combustion system of the combustion chamber, characterized in that the power plant additionally comprises a steam extraction system, an intermediate steam extraction system from the turbine, a steam generator reheat system, a combustion chamber combustion system and an MHD generator channel And a system for injecting superheated steam into the combustion chamber and the channel of the MHD generator, wherein the vapor extraction system is connected to an intermediate steam extraction system from the turbine and is connected between the output of the direct steam generation system and the turbine inlet, the input of the reheat system being connected to the outlet of the steam collection system, And the output - with a system of reheating the combustion chamber and the channel of the MHD generator, which is connected to the superheated steam injection system into the combustion chamber and the channel of the MHD generator.

print version
Date of publication 24.03.2007gg

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