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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2035667
THERMAL POWER GENERATOR
The name of the inventor: Yarygin Valery Ivanovich [RU]; Klepikov Vladimir Vasilevich [RU]; Kuptsov Gennady Aleksandrovich [RU]; Vizgalov Anatoly Viktorovich [RU]; Wolf Ludovic Reynold [NL]
The name of the patent holder: Joint-Stock Company "SEP-Russia"
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1992.07.06
Use: in household appliances. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Thermionic transducers contain emitters, collectors, heat pipes and a common cooling system. The inverter is included in the power supply system. Heat exchanger-recuperator is located in the environment of waste gases between ceramic burners and heat exchanger with the possibility of heating the air after the fan. Heat pipes are installed in the upper part of the furnace and interact with the collectors and the cooling system. The cooling system forms a single coolant circulation circuit with a heat exchanger, a water cooling jacket, a heating system and / or a hot water system boiler. Ceramic burners are made in the form of burners of infrared radiation. Emitters are located in the area of their radiation and are connected together with the collectors to the inverter.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to heat power engineering and can be used in municipal and domestic appliances, in particular in the technique of local heat and electricity supply of residential buildings.
There is a dual-circuit gas water heater used for the complex central heating (hot water supply and heating) of residential buildings, industrial enterprises, for the needs of agriculture. [1] The water heater contains a furnace, a hot water supply hot water contact chamber with a storage tank and a circulating pump, , Made in the form of a cylindrical body with a connection for supplying return water from the heating systems and a water outlet connected through a network pump and a superheater with heating systems. The heat exchange chamber is surrounded by a water jacket, and inside it contains a tubular superheater. The water heater can work in two- and single-circuit mode.
However, the gas water heater has a low efficiency due to incomplete heat transfer.
There is a heating system used in cottages, caravans, ships, etc. for heating premises. [2] The heating system contains a closed combustion chamber, which is ignited by a flame from the fuel gas and is surrounded by a combustion chamber through which the coolant passes. Heat is given to the heat carrier, which directly or indirectly transfers it to the heated room by means of a transmission device (fan) with an electric motor fed by an electric current obtained with the help of a thermoelectric generator in the furnace flame. In this case, the thermoelectric generator is used as an additional device that facilitates the transfer of heat to the heated room.
Thus, for the operation of the heating system, the received high-temperature heat in addition to the traditional method is additionally used. However, the possibilities of high-temperature heat are not fully utilized.
Known gas boiler panel heating "SUPER" VR-W / B, developed by the Dutch firm ATAG, which is used for hot water supply and heating of buildings [3] The gas boiler has a modular structure. It is a rectangular housing in which the furnace unit, the control unit (microprocessor), the control valves "gas safety regulation", the circulation pump, the boiler, the thermostatic mixing valve, the three-position distribution valve, the chimney, the systems of supply and discharge of air, gas And water.
The water-cooled firing device is completely enclosed in a casing, including a stainless steel heat exchanger with a waste gas collector, a ceramic flat burner with a fan above it and an electronic incendiary device. The control unit (microprocessor) with digital readings of functions and errors monitors the progress of all functions and its own programming, with a memory priority switching for controlling a three-position distribution valve. Depending on the position of the three-position valve, the water heated in the heat exchanger can enter the boiler for heating the network water, which is then used for hot water supply, or for a radiator for heating the room, or in two directions simultaneously. The pump integrated in the boiler works as a storage and heating device with an automatic idling of the pump and automatic blocking of the pump (the heating circulating pump works outside the heating periods every day for 5 minutes to avoid blind planting due to corrosion).
The gas boiler is reliable in operation, has an efficiency of 93% low emission of harmful substances, for example NO x , is convenient for maintenance and maintenance, as it consists of separate modules.
This "SUPER" VR-W / B gas heating boiler is the closest to the invention in terms of its technical nature. However, the high-temperature heat produced by the gas boiler is used for low-temperature purposes, thus the possibilities of the generated heat are not fully utilized.
The object of the invention is to provide a thermal power generator that efficiently uses the resulting high temperature heat and serves to produce heat, hot water and electricity, for example, for local heat and electricity supply of residential buildings.
To this end, a thermal power generator comprising a housing in which a furnace device with a flue gas discharge pipe is housed built into the cooling casing and including a ceramic burner connected to a gas pipe with a shut-off valve, a fan with intake and air intake fittings, an incendiary device and a heat exchanger, Connected by a pipeline to the cooling jacket and through a circulation pump and a three-position valve with a heating system and / or a boiler of a hot water supply system, a fan control unit, a shut-off valve, a circulating valve and a three-way valve, it is additionally provided with a heat exchanger-recuperator, thermoemission converters Emitters, collectors, heat pipes and a common cooling system, and an inverter included in the power supply system, the heat exchanger-recuperator being located in the flue gas environment between the ceramic burners and the heat exchanger with the possibility of heating the air after the fan, the heat pipes are installed in the upper part of the combustion device And interact with the collectors and cooling system, the latter forms a single coolant circulation circuit with the heat exchanger, cooling water jacket, heating system and / or boiler of the hot water supply system, and emitters are located in the radiation zone of the ceramic burners and together with the collectors are switched to the inverter. In a thermoelectric generator emitters of thermionic converters can have the form of an ellipse or a cylinder.
The technical result of this invention is the use of high-temperature heat for power generation and the remaining retracted low-temperature heat for the production of heat and hot water.
Electricity is obtained through the conversion of high-temperature heat into electricity by thermionic converters (TEP). And only a part of the heat is converted into electricity, the rest of the heat is removed from the TEP by means of heat pipes into the hot water supply system. The efficiency of the TEP is achieved by the design features of the combustion device. Thus, emitters of TICs are surrounded by infrared radiation burners, which emit heat at a temperature T = 1,700 ° C. This temperature is achieved by supplying preheated air to the burners. The air is heated in the heat exchanger-recuperator integrated between the burners and the metal heat exchanger. The heat exchanger-recuperator is designed so that the exhaust flue gases before going into the water or air cooling system and further into the chimney pass through it through the appropriate channels, while in the adjacent channels the air sucked by the fan passes through the burners, and in the results the air is heated through the wall from Passing hot flue gases. The DC current produced by the TIC is converted on the inverter into an alternating current by a voltage suitable for consumption.
The use of thermoelectric converters in heating systems is known (see European application No. 0290833), however, the converters are used as additional devices for transferring heat to the room. In our case, the converters generate electricity used to power the consumer, and already residual heat is additionally used for heating and hot water supply.
Thus, the proposed invention has a new set of features comprising a design of a block of recuperative burners and TICs located in the furnace and interacting with the supply system via an inverter and with a hot water supply and heating system through a cooling system. As a result, the device has new properties, namely, the efficiency of using high-temperature heat increases, since heat is used to generate electricity, heat and hot water, i. E. Receive a new "excess" effect.
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In Fig. 1 is a diagram of a thermoelectric generator; 2 shows a combustion device with thermionic converters without a fan with a water cooling system of a TIC, a general view; 3 shows a heat exchanger-recuperator; 4 is a schematic diagram of a thermoelectric generator with an air cooling system of a TIC.
The heat generator comprises a housing 1 in which a control unit 2 (microprocessor) and a shut-off valve 3 connected to the combustion device 4, gas supply ducts 5, air 6, water 7, a chimney 8, a boiler 9 with cold water supply 10 and an outlet Of warm water 11 that are connected to a thermostatic mixing valve 12. The heated water is supplied to the heating system and boiler 9 by means of a circulation pump 13 and a three-position distribution valve 14 (see FIG. 1).
The firing device 4 is enclosed in a water casing 15 and comprises a metal heat exchanger 16, a fan 17 for supplying air to an additional heat exchanger-recuperator 18, whereby the heated air is supplied to the infrared burners 19, for example of the cyclone type, the shape of the burners corresponding to the shape of the thermionic transducers 20, The shell of which is an emitter 21, and the internal manifold 22 connected to the heat pipe 23. The heat pipes 23 of the TIC 20 are surrounded by a water cooling system (see Fig. 2) or an air cooling system (see Fig. The shape of the emitters 21 (outer TIC envelopes) may be elliptical (see on the right in FIG. 2) or cylindrical (see left in FIG. 2). The gas-air mixture in the combustion device 4 is ignited by an electronic ignition device 25 (see Figure 2). The electric power generated by the commutated TIC 20 is supplied to the semiconductor inverter 26, from which, it is converted, it is supplied to the consumer.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a heat exchanger-recuperator 18 with air ducts 27 and smoke channels 28 separated by plates 29.
The heat generator works as follows
When requesting heat and electricity, the consumer includes a control unit 2 (microprocessor) that checks all system functions and then releases the start process. The fan 17 turns on and sucks in air through the combustion air supply 16. The fan 17 measures the amount of air (via a differential air pressure sensor). When the required volume is reached, the control unit 2 starts supplying gas from the gas supply 5 through the shut-off valve 3 after 10 seconds and starts the electronic ignition 25. The gas rushes into the burners 19, mixes with the air and is ignited. Since an additional heat exchanger-recuperator 18 is provided in the structure of the combustion device 4, air supplied by the fan 17 is heated in it to temperatures of 1000 1400 ° C, which raises the combustion temperature to 2100-2000 ° C, which in turn allows heating the radiating surface of the infrared burners 19 to 1600 1700 o C. In order to reduce the dimensions and improve the efficiency of the operation, the heat exchanger-recuperator 18 is made in the form of alternating air and smoke flat channels 27 separated by ceramic plates 28 (see FIG. 3). Smoke gases, passing through their channels, transfer heat through the separation plates 28 to air flowing along the adjacent channel into the burners 19. Then the flue gases through the chimney 8 exit into the atmosphere. The heat released in the burners 9 is distributed as follows: about 60% of the heat is transferred by radiation and convection TIC 20, where it is partially converted into electricity, and partially delivered through the water or air cooling system 24 to water or air; The remaining 40% of the heat is transferred through the metal heat exchanger 16 to the water supplied through the inlet 7. The water jacket 15 surrounding the combustion device 4 prevents heat loss to the environment.
The conversion of the heat of combustion of natural gas to electric power takes place in TEC 20 due to the thermoemission effect, which arises from the emission of electrons from the emitter 21 heated to temperatures of 1400 ° C. Electrons, incident on the collector 22, create an emission current of 4 5 A / cm 2 , Which is sufficient for use in everyday life. The shape of the emitter 21 and the manifold 22 may be different. They can form convexo-concave systems where the collector 22 is located above the emitter 21 (see on the right in FIG. 2) and can be arranged coaxially, where the collector 22 is located inside the emitter 21 (see left in FIG. 2). Due to the coaxial arrangement, an increase in the emission surface is achieved, and as a result, an increase in the generated electric power is achieved.
The non-converted portion of the heat is removed from the manifold 22 by the liquid metal heat pipe 23 and is then removed by the water or air cooling system 24. In the latter case, the heat is removed by means of air cooling fins, which are equipped with heat pipes 23 of TEP 20 (see Fig. 4).
After the water has passed through the furnace 4, it is heated to 90 ° C and is supplied as desired by the user using the built-in circulation pump 13 and the three-position distribution valve 14 to the heating system or to the boiler 9 or in two directions simultaneously. The temperature of the water supplied to the consumer from the boiler 9 through the outlet 11 is controlled by a thermostatic mixing valve 12 connected to the outlet of warm water 11 from the boiler 9 and to the supply of cold water 10 to the boiler 9.
The electric power generated by the commutated TIC 20 is supplied to the semiconductor inverter 26, where it is converted to the conditioning parameters (220 V) and enters the electric network to the consumer.
All the systems of the heat and power generator, described above, are housed in a compact housing 1 with overall dimensions of 1000x800x400 mm. New generation thermal generators not only meet increasing environmental requirements (low emissions of NO x and CO 2 ), but can also provide the consumer with electricity independently or return it to the industrial network, thereby returning to the consumer the financial costs incurred by him at the time the generator was purchased.
Thus, the proposed thermal power generator has new consumer properties and is economically advantageous, since we are self-supporting.
CLAIM
1. A HEAT-ELECTRO-GENERATOR comprising a housing in which a furnace device with a flue-gas exhaust pipe is housed embedded in a water cooling jacket and including a ceramic burner connected to a gas pipeline with a shut-off valve, a fan with intake and air intake fittings, an incendiary device and a heat exchanger Connected by a pipeline to the cooling water jacket and through a circulation pump and a three-position valve with a heating system and / or hot water boiler, a fan control unit, a shut-off valve, a circulation pump and a three-way valve, further comprising a heat exchanger-recuperator, Thermoemission converters including emitters, collectors, heat pipes and a common cooling system, and an inverter included in the power supply system, wherein the heat exchanger-recuperator is located in the flue gas environment between the ceramic burners and the heat exchanger with the possibility of heating the air after the fan, the heat pipes are installed in The upper part of the combustion device and interact with the collectors and the cooling system, the latter forms a single coolant circulation circuit with the heat exchanger, the cooling water jacket, the heating system and / or the boiler of the hot water supply system, the ceramic burners are in the form of infrared burners, and the emitters are located in the zone Their radiations and are connected together with the collectors to the inverter.
2. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the emitters have the shape of an ellipse.
3. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the emitters are in the form of a cylinder.
print version
Date of publication 05.04.2007gg
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