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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2234766

PORTABLE FUEL CELL POWER avionics

PORTABLE FUEL CELL POWER avionics

Name of the inventor: Karic ZR (RU); Tarasevich MR (RU); Bogdanovskaya VA (RU)
The name of the patentee: Karic Zia Ramizovich (RU); Tarasevich Michael R. (RU)
Address for correspondence:. 129626, Moscow, Kuchin lane, 12, kv.1, ZR Karichevu
Starting date of the patent: 2003.02.27

The invention relates to alcohol-air fuel cells (FC) intended for use in portable electronic equipment such as cell phones, laptops, etc. According to the invention, it comprises a fuel cell body placed in it with a liquid catalytically active anode, an air catalytically active hydrophobic gas diffusion cathode, a liquid alcohol-alkaline mixture filling the internal cavity of the housing and separating the anode and cathode, wherein the hydrophobic surface of the cathode facing the air. The surface of the cathode facing the alcohol-alkaline mixture, covered with a layer of polymer, such as polybenzimidazole having a conductivity of ions OH -. The catalyst is used as the cathode catalyst nonplatinum based on the metals Fe, Ni, Co, Ru, tolerant in respect to alcohol. As the alcohol-alkaline mixture is taken mixture 4M 4M KOH + alcohol, and the alcohol in the alcohol-alkaline mixture is used, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol or glycerol. As an anode catalyst may be used Ni / Ru catalyst is highly dispersed on a carbon support, wherein the Ni / Ru is present in the anode catalyst in the form of nanoparticles. As an anode catalyst may be used Ni / Ru catalyst prepared by thermochemical synthesis soot, electrodeposition, chemical method, the mechanical mixing. In silver or pyropolymers N 4 complexes on a carbon support can be used as the cathode catalyst. The cathode catalyst may be mixed with polybenzimidazole. The technical result of the invention is to provide a stable high performance and low cost of the fuel cells.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to alcohol-air fuel cells (FC) intended for use in portable electronic equipment such as cell phones, laptops, etc.

Known fuel cells, comprising a housing having housed therein a fuel electrode, an air electrode platinum on carbon, fuel and electrolyte a mixture of 6N. solution of sulfuric acid and methanol (Japanese Application №43-20727, kl.57 AD, 1968).

The disadvantage of this fuel cell is the presence of corrosive acid electrolyte fuel cell that increases the cost of construction due to the limited choice of structural materials and the use of noble metal catalysts.

Of the known fuel cell closest to the essential features and achieved technical result is a fuel cell, comprising a housing having housed therein a liquid catalytically active anode, air catalytically active hydrophobic gas-diffusion cathode, a liquid alcohol-alkaline mixture filling the internal cavity of the housing and separating the anode and cathode, wherein the hydrophobic surface of the cathode facing the air (RF Patent №2044371 C1, cl. H 01 M 8/08, 1995).

A disadvantage of this known fuel cell is the instability of the electrical characteristics due to direct contact with the fuel and the cathode the reaction products, which can cause poisoning of the cathode catalyst on the anode and the use of expensive noble metal catalyst.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention to provide for use of fuel cells in portable electronic equipment having stable high performance and low cost.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that fuel cells, comprising a housing having housed therein a liquid catalytically active anode, air catalytically active hydrophobic gas-diffusion cathode, a liquid alcohol-alkaline mixture that fills the inner body cavity and separates the anode and cathode, and the hydrophobic surface of the cathode facing to the air cathode of the invention the surface facing the alcohol-alkaline mixture, covered with a layer of polymer having a conductivity of ions OH - and as the cathode catalyst used nonplatinum catalyst, tolerant in respect to alcohol.

Having the cathode on the polymer layer with a conductivity of ions OH - prevents migration of fuel to the cathode and the possibility of poisoning. Using the non-platinum catalyst, tolerant to alcohol, stabilizes the electrical characteristics of the fuel cell and reduce the cost.

It is advisable that as the alcohol-alkaline mixture in TE was taken mixture of 4M KOH + 4M alcohol. When using the mixture reaches its maximum electrical performance.

It is advisable that the alcohol in the alcohol-alkaline mixture was used methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol or glycerol. These alcohols are oxidized in TE provide high electrical performance.

It is advisable that the polymer covering the surface of the cathode facing the alcohol-alkaline mixture was used polybenzimidazole, doped with OH ions -. The polymer has the desired values ​​of the conductivity and diffusion resistance in relation to the transfer of alcohol.

Advantageously, the catalyst as the anode catalyst was used nonplatinum based metals Fe, Ni, Co, Ru. These catalysts are characterized by high selectivity and are not poisoned by CO and other intermediate products of oxidation of alcohols.

Advantageously, the catalyst as an anode was used Ni / Ru catalyst is highly dispersed on a carbon support, Ni / Ru was present in the anode catalyst in the form of nanoparticles. The catalyst has a maximum electrocatalytic activity.

Advantageously, the catalyst as an anode was used Ni / Ru catalyst prepared thermochemical synthesis on carbon black, by electrodeposition, chemical or mechanical mixing method. These catalysts have sufficient activity in the electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols.

It is advisable that silver was used as a cathode catalyst on a carbon support, or 4 N -complexes pyropolymer on the carbon support, the catalyst may be mixed with polybenzimidazole. These catalysts are tolerant in respect to alcohol and have sufficient activity towards oxygen reduction reaction.

Conducted prior art analysis has shown that the claimed combination of essential features set forth in the claims, is not known. This allows to conclude that it is appropriate for the criterion of "novelty".

To check the compliance of the claimed invention, the criterion of "inventive step" conducted an additional search of the prior art in order to detect signs that coincide with the distinctive features of the prototype of the claimed technical solution. It is found that the claimed technical solution should not explicitly from the prior art. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

Brief Description of the drawing and the examples of practical realization of TE.

FUEL cells for portable electronic equipment. Russian Federation Patent RU2234766

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The drawing is presented a sectional TE.

Claimed fuel cell contains an anode chamber 1 liquid anode 2, an air cathode 3 with a hydrophobic polymer layer 5 and the layer 6 of the fuel and an alkaline mixture of 4 and cold ends 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An example of implementation. According to the invention, the TE model sample made using for Ni / Ru anode catalyst on carbon black thermochemically synthesized with a specific surface area of 60 m 2 / g, the content of Ru in the catalyst is 75%. At the cathode catalyst was used as carbon black AD 100, promoted by 15 wt.% Silver. On the cathode side of the electrolyte is applied by spraying the polymer layer of 60 microns thick polybenzimidazole doped in 6 M KOH. TE with said anode and cathode for use as the fuel mixture 4M 4M KOH + alcohol and an operating temperature of 60 ° C develops a current density of 80 mA / cm 2 at a voltage of 0.5 V. From the above it can be concluded that the inventive fuel cell can be realized in practice with achievement of the claimed technical result, i.e. it meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

CLAIM

  1. A fuel cell for portable electronic equipment, comprising a housing having placed therein a liquid catalytically active anode, an air catalytically active hydrophobic gas diffusion cathode, a liquid alcohol-alkaline mixture filling the internal cavity of the housing and separating the anode and cathode, wherein the hydrophobic surface of the cathode facing the air, characterized in that the surface of the cathode facing the alcohol-alkaline mixture, coated with a layer of polymer having a conductivity of ions OH - and as the cathode catalyst is not used a platinum catalyst, tolerant in respect to alcohol.
  2. Fuel element according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of alcohol-alkaline mixture was taken 4M 4M KOH + alcohol.
  3. Fuel element according to claim 1, characterized in that the alcohol in the alcohol-alkaline mixture is used, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol or glycerol.
  4. Fuel element according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer coating the cathode surface facing the alcohol-alkaline mixture is used polybenzimidazole, doped with OH ions -.
  5. Fuel element according to claim 1, characterized in that as the anode catalyst a platinum catalyst is not used on the basis of metals Fe, Ni, Co, Ru.
  6. Fuel element according to claim 5, characterized in that as an anode catalyst used Ni / Ru catalyst is highly dispersed on a carbon support.
  7. Fuel element according to claim 6, wherein the Ni / Ru is present in the anode catalyst in the form of nanoparticles.
  8. Fuel element according to claim 7, characterized in that as an anode catalyst used Ni / Ru catalyst on carbon black thermochemically synthesized.
  9. Fuel element according to claim 7, characterized in that as an anode catalyst used Ni / Ru catalyst prepared by electrodeposition.
  10. Fuel element according to claim 7, characterized in that as an anode catalyst used Ni / Ru catalyst prepared chemically.
  11. Fuel element according to claim 7, characterized in that as an anode catalyst used Ni / Ru catalyst prepared by mechanical mixing.
  12. Fuel element according to claim 1, wherein the cathode catalyst is mixed with polybenzimidazole.
  13. Fuel element according to claim 1 or 12, characterized in that the catalyst is used as a cathode of silver on a carbon support.
  14. Fuel element according to claim 1 or 12, characterized in that the catalyst is used as the cathode 4 -complexes pyropolymer on the carbon carrier.

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Publication date 05.12.2006gg