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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2262778
METHOD OF OPERATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR
AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
The name of the inventor: Chelyaev V.F. (RU)
The name of the patent owner: Open Joint-Stock Company "SP Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia" (RU)
Address for correspondence: 141070, Moscow Region, Korolev, ul. Lenin, 4a, OAO RSC Energia them. S.P. The Queen, the head of the intellectual property department, A.G. Sakoyanu
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.05.29
The invention relates to the field of DC power supplies, namely to DC power systems operating on hydrogen and oxygen with alkaline or acid electrolytes. According to the invention, in the ECG operation method, in which hydrogen and a liquid electrolyte are pumped through a fuel cell stack, and air purified from CO 2 is passed through a fuel cell stack and discharged into the environment, thereby releasing electric power and reaction product, water, Which is discharged into the environment, the reaction product, water is dissolved in the liquid electrolyte, diluting the electrolyte to obtain a 15% concentration. After that, the electrolyte is heated to the boiling point of water, and the air passed through the fuel cell battery is cooled to ambient temperature, mixed with the steam formed as a result of heating the electrolyte and discharges the resulting vapor-gas mixture into the environment, thereby increasing the electrolyte concentration to 35 %. According to the invention, the device for implementing this method of operating an electrochemical generator comprises a load unit with an electrochemical generator operation recorder, a fuel cell stack with an air bleeding system comprising a fan, a CO 2 air purification filter and a fuel cell exhaustion outlet, , A closed electrolyte circulation circuit including an electrolyte reservoir with a gas and liquid cavity and a pump, an air flow cooler, an air flow control valve and a vapor-gas mixture discharge line, wherein the inlet of the airflow control valve is connected to the fuel outlet of the fuel cell stack, one The output of this valve is connected to the inlet of the air flow cooler, the other is connected to the gas-vapor mixture discharge line, the output of the air cooler is connected to the gas cavity of the electrolyte tank. The technical result of the invention is a reduction in energy costs and an increase in operational reliability.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of DC power supplies, namely to DC power systems operating on hydrogen and oxygen with alkaline or acid electrolytes.
A method for operating an electrochemical generator (ECG) is known in which oxygen, hydrogen and a liquid electrolyte are simultaneously pumped through a battery of fuel cells (BTE), while the gas components and reaction product are periodically discharged into the environment [1]. There are known devices for the realization of this method [1], containing BTE, systems for storage, supply and pumping of hydrogen and oxygen, the electrolyte pumping system and the purge line of hydrogen, oxygen and water discharge.
The disadvantage of the analogue of the ECG operation method and the device for its realization is the increased explosion hazard associated with the high probability of mixing hydrogen and oxygen in the environment and the consequent fire or explosion.
The closest in essence is the ECG operation method adopted for the prototype [2], in which hydrogen and a liquid electrolyte are pumped through the fuel cell stack, and air purified from CO 2 is passed through the fuel cell stack and discharged to the environment, With the electricity and reaction product, water that is discharged into the environment.
The device for the realization of this type of ECG, taken for the prototype [2], includes: a BTE with an air pumping system containing a fan, a CO 2 air purification filter and an air outlet from the BTE, a hydrogen pumping system, a closed electrolyte transfer circuit containing a reservoir For electrolyte with gas and liquid cavities and pump.
In this method and the device implementing it, air is used to increase the safety of operation, the amount of which can be chosen in such a way that it is pumped, which excludes a fire and explosion hazard.
The disadvantage of the prototype of the method of operating ECG and the device that implements it are large energy costs for the implementation of this method. This is due to the fact that, firstly, the product of the reaction, the water is first evaporated, then condensed, after which it is constantly discharged as a liquid into the environment, which requires a significant increase in energy. Secondly, as is known, the load of ECG (power consumption) during operation is variable. Therefore, the consumption of hydrogen and oxygen in the air during operation should be variable, that is, depending on the load. Therefore, the air blowing must depend on the load. In the prototype, air is supplied at a constant flow rate in all operating modes, ensuring maximum operation. This increases the power consumption for all other modes.
The device for implementing this method is difficult to operate, which significantly reduces reliability.
Thus, the task of the new technical solution is to create such a method of operating ECG and a device for its implementation, in which the energy consumption for ECG operation would be significantly reduced and its design would be simplified. This will prolong the service life, reduce costs and increase the reliability of ECG.
The problem is solved by a combination of all existing features.
In the proposed ECG operation method, in which hydrogen and a liquid electrolyte are pumped through a fuel cell stack, and air purified from CO 2 is passed through a fuel cell stack and discharged into the environment, thereby releasing electricity and the reaction product is water, water is mixed In a liquid electrolyte, diluting the electrolyte to obtain a 15% concentration. After that, the electrolyte is heated to the boiling point of water, and the air passed through the fuel cell battery is cooled to ambient temperature, mixed with the steam formed as a result of heating the electrolyte, and discharges the resulting vapor-gas mixture into the environment, thereby increasing the electrolyte concentration to 35%.
As a result of this, on the one hand, as a result of heating the electrolyte, evaporation of water occurs, and on the other hand, as a result of the arrival of a cold air stream, condensation of water vapor occurs, that is, the separation of alkali from water vapor. Thus, the vapor-gas mixture is discharged, and the alkali practically remains in the electrolyte. At the same time, air is passed at the maximum flow rate during the release of the gas-vapor mixture, and during the release of the reaction product-water, the air flow is directly proportional to the power released by the electrochemical generator to electric current consumers.
The device for implementing this method of operating an electrochemical generator comprises a load unit with a register of electrochemical generator operation parameters, a fuel cell stack with an air pumping system including a fan, a CO 2 air purification filter and a fuel cell outlet, a hydrogen charging system, a closed An electrolyte circulation circuit including an electrolyte reservoir with a gas and liquid cavity and a pump, an air flow cooler, an air flow control valve and a vapor-gas mixture discharge line, wherein the inlet of the air flow control valve is connected to the air outlet of the fuel cell stack, one output of this Valve is connected to the inlet of the air flow cooler, the other is connected to the gas space of the electrolyte tank, and the gas-vapor mixture discharge line is connected to the gas cavity of the electrolyte tank, the electrolyte tank is provided with a heater, a temperature sensor and a level sensor with electrolyte level readings that are connected by a cable Network with the register of parameters of the electrochemical generator.
The fan of this device is equipped with an adjustable drive with an automatic control unit of an adjustable drive, while the electric current of the fan is fed from the buses of the electrochemical generator through the automatic control unit of the controlled drive, and the operation of the controlled drive is controlled by signals from the electrochemical generator's operation parameters recorder.
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The figure shows the scheme of the proposed device, where: 1 - hydrogen pumping system; |
METHOD OF OPERATION OF THIS GENERATOR
During ECG operation, when load 3 (motor, pumps, fans, heaters, etc., ie electric current consumers) is connected to the bus bars of the electrochemical generator 18, hydrogen from the hydrogen pumping system 1 and air supplied by the fan 5 through the filter for Purification of air from CO 2 6, enters the BTE 2, and liquid electrolyte is pumped by pump 12 through BTE 2 and the electrolyte tank 8 in a closed loop, a chemical reaction of the hydrogen compound with air oxygen takes place to form electricity and reaction product, water. The fan 5, equipped with an adjustable drive, is fed from the ECG tires via the automatic drive control unit 4, with the input of the automatic control unit of the controlled drive connected to the ECG 16 operation parameter recorder, with the level 11 level sensor "upper permissible level" corresponding to 15% of the electrolyte concentration , And the "lower permissible level" corresponding to 35% of the electrolyte concentration.
A liquid electrolyte in this case is, for example, a solution of potassium hydroxide in distilled water.
In the process of ECG operation, depending on the electricity generated in the BTE, the airflow pumped by the fan 5 varies. The water formed as a result of the reaction of the hydrogen compound with the oxygen of the air is absorbed by the electrolyte solution and enters the electrolyte reservoir 8. As a result, the electrolyte level changes, Which is fixed by the electrolyte level sensor 11, the temperature of the electrolyte is measured by a temperature sensor 17.
The air exiting the BTE 2 through the air outlet from the fuel cell stack 7 enters the reaction product discharge line together with the air 15 through the airflow control valve 14 until the electrolyte tank 8 is filled up to the level sensor 11 "upper working level.
When filling the electrolyte tank 8, which is measured by the electrolyte level sensor 11 to the "upper working level" mark, a signal is sent to the ECG 16 operation parameter recorder. As a result, the airflow control valve 14 is switched in such a way that the air leaving the BTE 2 is supplied to the The gas space of the electrolyte tank 9, while cooling to the ambient temperature in the air flow cooler 13. At this point, the temperature of the electrolyte tank 8 is measured by the temperature sensor 17 and, in the event that the electrolyte temperature is less than the boiling point of water, the heater 10 is turned on. Drive 4 for this signal includes a pump for maximum flow and a gas-vapor mixture from the gas space of the electrolyte tank 9 is discharged into the environment.
As a result, the following occurs: on the one hand, as a result of heating, evaporation of water takes place, and on the other hand, as a result of the arrival of a cold air stream, water vapor is condensed in alkali, that is, the separation of alkali from water vapor. Thus, the product of the vapor-gas mixture is discharged, and the alkali practically remains in the electrolyte. This is due to the fact that the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of alkali are less than the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the water. Therefore, the alkali is cooled much more quickly than water.
The gas-vapor mixture is reset until the level sensor 11 outputs the "lower allowable level" signal to the ECG 16 operation logger. This signal is issued to switch the air flow control valve 14 to the home position, the heater is turned off, and the fan 5 , Equipped with an adjustable drive, is carried out in direct dependence on the energy released.
The proposed method of operation of the electrochemical generator allows to significantly reduce energy costs for own needs, while the construction of the electrochemical generator is simplified. This will prolong the service life, reduce costs and increase the reliability of the electrochemical generator.
Thus, the task is solved of creating such a method of operating ECG and a device for its implementation, in which the energy consumption for ECG operation is significantly reduced due to a more economical way of pumping air, the design is simplified due to the lack of heat exchangers that convert steam to liquid. This will prolong the service life, reduce costs and increase the reliability of ECG.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Korovin N.V. "Electrochemical generators." "Energy". Moscow, page 106-109.
2. Korovin N.V. "Electrochemical generators." "Energy". Moscow, page 109-113.
CLAIM
A method for operating an electrochemical generator in which hydrogen and a liquid electrolyte are pumped through a fuel cell stack, and air purified from CO 2 is passed through a fuel cell stack and discharged into the environment, thereby releasing electricity and the reaction product, water differing In that the reaction product is water, mixed in a liquid electrolyte, diluting the electrolyte to a 15% concentration, then heating the electrolyte to the boiling point of water, and the air passed through the fuel cell battery is cooled to ambient temperature, and then mixed with the steam , Formed as a result of heating the electrolyte, and discharges the resulting vapor-gas mixture into the environment, increasing the concentration of the electrolyte up to 35%, while during the release of the vapor-gas mixture, air is passed at the maximum flow rate, and during the release of the reaction product - water - Directly proportional to the power emitted by the electrochemical generator to consumers of electric current.
2. An apparatus for realizing an operation method of an electrochemical generator, comprising: a load unit with an electrochemical generator operation parameter recorder; a fuel cell battery with an air bleeding system including a fan, a CO 2 air purification filter and a fuel cell outlet, , An electrolyte transfer circuit including an electrolyte reservoir with a gas and liquid cavity and a pump, characterized in that an air flow cooler, an air flow control valve and a vapor-gas mixture discharge line are introduced therewith, the inlet of the air flow control valve is connected to the air outlet From the fuel cell stack, one outlet of this valve is connected to the inlet of the air flow cooler, the other is connected to the reaction product discharge line together with the air, the outlet of the air cooler is connected to the gas cavity of the electrolyte tank, and the reaction product discharge line together with air is connected to the gas cavity An electrolyte tank, the electrolyte tank being provided with a heater, a temperature sensor and a level sensor with electrolyte level readings, which are connected by a cable network to the electrochemical generator operation register.
3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the fan is provided with an adjustable drive with an automatic control unit of an adjustable drive, while the electric current of the fan is fed from the electrochemical generator buses through the automatic control unit of the controlled drive, and the control of the controlled drive is controlled by signals from the operation parameter recorder Electrochemical generator.
print version
Date of publication 13.01.2007gg
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