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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2088002

Method of recovering waste batteries

Method of recovering waste batteries

Name of the inventor: Valery A. Pavlov; Dmitry Borisovich Chekin
The name of the patentee: Valery A. Pavlov; Dmitry Borisovich Chekin
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1996.04.09

Use: production of chemical current sources. The inventive active mass of the positive electrode used batteries is heat treated at 600-650 o C for 60-90 minutes, the resulting frit is ground and screened and the fraction size of 500-100 microns and 100-40 microns, the latter fraction is mixed with distilled water, is applied onto the collector and sprinkle fraction 500-100 micron particles, compacted, dried and impregnated with a solution of abietic acid. The active mass of the negative electrodes thermally treated at 800-850 o C 60-90 min, the classification is carried out as the active mass of the positive electrodes classification * The resulting fraction with 100-40 micron particle size fraction is added a similar positive electrodes active composition is mixed with water and applied onto the collector , sprinkle layer of negative active mass fraction of a particle size of 500-100 microns, compacted, dried and formed. Positive electrodes are formed together with preformatted negative electrodes. This improves the recovery efficiency, environmental cleanliness and waste-free process.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, in particular to the production of secondary current sources. The invention can be used for repair of batteries, their production and utilization of secondary raw materials. The invention is environmental protection.

There is a method to return to the production cycle of waste lead-acid batteries in which positive and negative active mass of lead-acid batteries was prepared using the active composition extracted from defective electrodes and (or) the active mass of waste generated in the production of batteries. When preparing a positive or negative active mass, while the positive or respectively negative mass, pre-dried and heat-treated at a temperature of 500-600 o C and milled if necessary, is fed into the mill, produce lead powder together with a metal lead not more than 80% in an amount of weight lead metal. The thus obtained product was used in the manufacture of electrodes [1]

The disadvantage of this method is that to return the waste of raw materials must have a metallic lead powder fraction and return the raw material is used as a supplement to the main process.

A method of processing waste battery plates to obtain an active composition, wherein the active substance extracted from the positive and negative battery plates are exempt from acid residues, washed with water, dried in air, calcined at a temperature of 500-700 o C for 8-60 minutes and then milled into a powder with a particle size less than 60 microns. Milling can be performed simultaneously with the lead by uploading the calcined mass to a crusher for lead in an amount of at least 80% by weight of lead located therein, the milling may be performed prior to calcination. From the resulting material are made active mass of the positive or negative electrode depending on the starting material or the active material of the negative electrode when the mixture of fragments of positive and negative plates was taken as the starting material [2]

The disadvantage of this method is the presence of manufacturing operations for washing and drying the exhaust air battery plates, which requires additional equipment and consumables, and the introduction of the returned materials are at the stage of preparation and grinding of lead powder.

The present invention is intended to improve the efficiency of the recovery of used batteries, without significant costs, but also the creation of environmentally friendly and non-waste production cycle repeated or multiple recycling of waste batteries.

In the proposed method, the recovery of spent batteries, comprising the extraction of the active substances of positive and negative electrodes, baking them, and milling to a powder obtained from the manufacture of the active mass, respectively positive and negative electrodes using the milled mass with 500-40 micron particle size, in a mass of a positive electrode abietic acid were added, and the manufacture of the negative electrode is added with a positive active mass 100-40 micron particle size, moreover, the forming of positive charge is performed in conjunction with electrodes preformatted negative electrodes.

It is essential that the reduction of waste batteries fullest waste material is used, the process requires considerably less processing adding chemically pure lead, and its incorporation is performed at the manufacturing stage of shunts, wherein the recycled material has a particle size of 500-40 .mu.m, a positive weight electrode abietic acid were added, and the manufacture of the negative electrode is added with a positive active mass 100-40 micron particle size, moreover, the forming of positive charge is performed in conjunction with electrodes preformatted negative electrodes.

Method is as follows

Spent batteries are cleaned of dirt and dust, if necessary, produce irrigation soda solution to neutralize the residue of sulfuric acid on the outer surface of the housing. After twisting tubes produce rollover batteries to remove electrolyte which can then flow into the treatment system, based on the operating principle is electrodialysis. Sealing mastic is then removed and removing produce batteries with subsequent mechanical separation of the electrode mass balances positive and negative plates. Separately share balances current leads that come in melted and the active mass of the positive and negative electrodes.

The positive active material was heat treated in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 600-650 o C for 60-90 minutes. After cooling the resulting frit is ground in a ball mill. grinding the products were sieved through a stainless steel mesh to recover a fraction having a particle size of 500-100 microns and 100-40 microns.

The fraction with particle size larger than 500 microns is returned to the mill for further grinding. The fraction with particle size less than 40 microns is not used.

A negative active material was heat treated in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 800-850 o C for 60-90 minutes. After cooling the resulting frit is ground in a ball mill. Classification of milling products of negative active mass classification is carried out as a positive active mass.

Negative electrodes were made as follows

The negative active mass fraction with 100-40 micron particle size obtained previously added with positive active mass 100-40 micron particle size and produce the dry mixing. To this mixture was added distilled water in a proportion of 10-12 ml per 100 g of the oxides and mixed for 25-30 minutes until a homogeneous mass. The resulting mass is applied with a spatula or otherwise onto the collector and smooth to the full capacity of the collector cells. Both sides of the collector layer sprinkle with the previously obtained dry fraction of the negative active mass of a particle size of 500-100 microns, paper wrapped and sealed, is passed between the rubber roller. After removal of excess paste on the edges of electrodes of the thus obtained negative plate was dried.

Positive electrodes were made as follows

The previously obtained weight of the positive active fraction with a particle size of 100-40 .mu.m distilled water is added at a ratio of 10-15 ml per 100 g of the oxides and mixed for 25-30 minutes until a homogeneous mass. The resulting paste is applied with a spatula or otherwise on the grid current collector and smooth to the full capacity of the collector cells. Both sides of the electrode layer sprinkle with the previously obtained dry fraction of positive active mass of a particle size of 500-100 microns, wrapped in paper and compacted by passing between the rubber roller. After removal of excess paste on the edges of electrodes of the thus obtained positive plate dried. Then produce impregnation solution in petrol of abietic acid by dipping and subsequent drying to evaporate gasoline.

The moldable charge of positive and negative electrodes produced as follows

Negative electrodes are formed together with positive electrodes blanks. Forming is carried out in baths with an initial density of the electrolyte 1,01-1,02 kg / cm 3. Initially charged to the negative plates and the dummy electrodes, and then an electrolyte is poured. Initially charged to the negative plates and the dummy electrodes, and then an electrolyte is poured. At the beginning of the forming of the charge set current density of 0.5-0.6 A / dm2 and maintained for 60-90 minutes. Then the current density was increased to 2-2.5 A / dm 2 and the process is carried out to complete the forming of the negative electrodes. Thereafter, the dummy electrodes are removed, and in their place is set positive electrodes, which form a current density of 2-2.5 A / dm 2 together with preformatted negative electrodes.

After completing the forming charge finished plate in baths subjected complete discharge current equal to 1/3 of the capacitance plates are moldable in the bath. Then, the positive and negative plates are removed from the bath and placed in a vertical position for draining excess electrolyte. After that, the positive plate can be dried and stored for an unlimited time. Negative plates within 2-3 hours, come to the assembly.

In order to prevent overcooking separators miplastovyh particularly, the assembly units and plates have in the formation areas with positive and negative electrodes provided to lower resistance when wet assembly, wetting with distilled water and subjected themselves separators.

After assembling the plates into blocks and their installation in the housing is carried interelectrode connection and sealing body according to the type of the latter.

The battery is filled with distilled water and subjected to an accelerated charge current equal to the nominal capacity, until the battery to 75% the amount of electricity. Further, the current is reduced to a nominal capacity equal to 1/10 of the battery, make adjustments, and then charged density of the electrolyte and the battery is supplied to the consumer.

The proposed method for the recovery of used lead-acid batteries can completely eliminate the use of chemically pure lead in the manufacture of the active mass of the positive and negative electrodes to eliminate washing operation of the process of manufacturing the batteries, but also reduce production costs when producing an electrode by the use of active mass particles more the coarse fraction.

The moldable charge of positive electrodes together with preformatted negative electrodes to stabilize the active area of ​​the negative electrode to reduce the shrinkage of the active mass of the negative electrodes and reduce the dislodging of active mass of the positive electrode, which increases the operational reliability of the batteries.

CLAIM

The reduction method used batteries, comprising the extraction of the active substances of the positive and negative electrodes, calcining them, grinding to a powder and production of the resulting active masses of the positive and negative electrodes, characterized in that for the manufacture of electrodes using the milled mass having a particle size of 500 to 40 microns, wherein the electrodes have a three-layer structure with a particle size of 100 to 40 microns in the middle layer, and 500 100 m in the outer layers in the active mass of the positive electrode added abietic acid, calcining the negative active mass is performed at 800 850 o C, in the manufacture of the negative active mass of the negative electrode mixed positive 100 with a particle size of 40 microns, the forming charge of positive electrodes together with make preformatted negative electrodes.

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Publication date 07.02.2007gg