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CHEMICAL SOURCES OF CURRENT. POWER STORAGE BATTERIES AND ACCUMULATORS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2210849

ELECTRO-MECHANICAL RECOVERY CONVERTER

ELECTRO-MECHANICAL RECOVERY CONVERTER

The name of the inventor: Nosov Oleg Nikolaevich
The name of the patent holder: Nosov Oleg Nikolaevich
Address for correspondence: 144006, Moscow Region, Elektrostal, Lenin Ave., 1, ap. 143, O.N. Nosov
Date of commencement of the patent: 2001.12.27

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and mechanical engineering and can be used in the accumulation and conversion of energy. The technical result of the invention is the creation of a multifunctional electromechanical device that allows controlling the processes of accumulation and transmission of mechanical energy, and for converting one type of energy into another. The essence of the invention consists in that the converter comprises a housing housed in it the driving and driven shafts, at least 3 sequentially mounted conversion mechanisms made in the form of a differential mechanism with a non-circular central wheel having a predominant negative alternating gear ratio when the non-circular central wheel is stopped, two The output shaft, one of which is rigidly connected to the non-circular central wheel and is driven, and the second output shaft is made integral and is formed by not less than 3 hollow coaxial shafts rigidly connected to the gear wheels forming a composite central wheel, a carrier rigidly connected to the drive shaft And carrying the axes of 2-row satellite gears in meshing with the central wheels and providing the kinematic connection of each coaxial shaft to the driven shaft. Massive links are made in the form of electromagnets, anchors and coils are rigidly fixed on their coaxial shafts, forming a composite output shaft. On coaxial shafts contact rings are fixed, electrically isolated from each other and from coaxial shafts and connected electrically to coils of electromagnets. The transducer is provided with position sensors of satellites with respect to the non-circular central wheel producing signal pulses of electric current, and the electromagnets are controlled by electric current pulses fed synchronously to the phase positions of the satellites with respect to the non-circular central wheel to the corresponding coil of the electromagnet, depending on the operating mode of the converter.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in the accumulation and transformation of energy.

An electromechanical battery is known. See copyright certificate of the USSR 544049, cl. H 02 K 7/02, 1977. The device comprises a stator and an outer rotor provided with a twisted rim made of a magnetically conductive material, ballast contacting the inner turns of the rim, a hub in which the rim is fastened with a short-circuited winding. Ballast is made in the form of radially magnetized magnets distributed on the inner surface of the rotor and installed in the slots of the hub with alternating polarity.

The disadvantage of this battery is the possibility of giving only mechanical energy.

Known and recuperative brake. See copyright certificate of the USSR 171607, Cl. 47 h, 23, F 16 H 33/02, 1977. The device comprises a flywheel with a mechanical drive with a variable gear ratio, made in the form of a differentiated cassette unit with a flexible metal or non-metallic tape equipped with a safety device, with two reversing mechanisms, each of which is provided with an overrunning clutch, a coupling clutch and elastic couplings.

The disadvantage of this device is a continuous change in the transmission ratio when the energy is transferred to the flywheel and when it is withdrawn from it.

Another disadvantage is the complexity and unreliability of the structure.

The closest in technical essence to the invention is a battery of electromechanical energy. See copyright certificate of the USSR 1126746, cl. F 16 H 33/02, 1985. The device comprises an engine-generator comprising a rotor, a stator and a flywheel enclosed in a hermetic casing, provided with a brake disposed on the casing, the latter being rotatably mounted and the stator positioned on the inner surface of the casing.

The disadvantage of this battery is the impossibility of smooth connection of a flywheel rotating at a high speed to the power take-off shaft.

An object of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional electromechanical device that allows controlling the processes of accumulation and transmission of mechanical energy and for converting one type of energy into another.

The object is achieved in that, in an electromechanical recuperative converter comprising a housing, the driving and driven shafts arranged therein, at least 3 sequentially arranged conversion mechanisms formed by gears with variable gear ratio and massive links having kinematic and electromagnetic couplings, according to the invention, The successive conversion mechanisms are in the form of a differential mechanism with a non-circular central wheel having a predominant negative alternating gear ratio with the non-circular central wheel stopped, two output shafts, one of which is rigidly connected to the non-circular central wheel and is driven, and the second output shaft is made integral and Is formed by not less than 3 hollow coaxial shafts rigidly connected to the gear wheels forming a composite central wheel, a carrier rigidly connected to the drive shaft and carrying the axes of the satellites in engagement with the non-circular and integral central wheels and providing a kinematic connection of each coaxial shaft to the driven Shaft, the massive links are made in the form of electromagnets, the armatures and coils of which are rigidly fixed on their coaxial shafts forming a composite output shaft; on the coaxial shafts, contact rings are electrically isolated from each other, from coaxial shafts and electrically connected to coils of electromagnets; The transducer is provided with position sensors of satellites with respect to the non-circular central wheel producing signal pulses of electric current, and the electromagnets are controlled by electric current pulses fed synchronously in accordance with the phase positions of the satellites with respect to the non-circular central wheel to the corresponding coil of the electromagnet, depending on the required operating mode of the converter.

The pulses of electric current are fed to the coils of electromagnets through sliding contacts and contact rings from the power supply unit controlled by the signal pulses of electric current generated by the position sensors of the satellites with respect to the non-circular central gear of the differential mechanism.

The driver of the differential mechanism is made massive and serves as a store of mechanical energy.

Such a design of the electromechanical recuperative converter will ensure the achievement of a given technical result due to the corresponding kinematic connections of the three output shafts of the differential mechanism with controlled massive links, the use of a massive carrier to store mechanical energy and transmit it to the driven shaft. The use of the synchronization node and the power unit allows changing the mode of operation of the device, transferring mechanical energy to the massive carrier from the leading or driven shaft, or vice versa, but also using the electric current pulses that occur when the inductances of the electromagnet coils change in the electric storage.

In order to illustrate the invention, a specific embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

ELECTRO-MECHANICAL RECOVERY CONVERTER

FIG. 1 shows the kinematic scheme of an electromechanical regenerative converter with a minimum number of coaxial shafts equal to three.

FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the positions of the initial circles of two satellites rigidly fixed on one axis, with respect to the non-circular central wheel and the gear wheel, which is included in the compound central wheel in 2 extreme positions.

FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the positions of the initial circles of the satellites with respect to the non-circular and composite central wheels (corresponding to the arrangement of the satellites on the carrier) in an arbitrary position.

4 is a cross-sectional view of electromagnets.

FIG. 5 shows schematically the positions of the satellites (corresponding to the carrier rotations by 45 ° ) and the corresponding positions of the coils and the common armature.

The electromechanical recuperative transducer (FIG. 1) consists of coils 10 and 11 arranged coaxially therein, movably coaxial shafts 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 rigidly connected to the gear wheels 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 forming the integral central wheel 4 of the drive shaft 7, rigidly connected to the massive carrier B, the driven shaft 9 rigidly connected to the non-circular wheel 1. The axes 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 are fixedly mounted on the carrier B with the fixed satellites 2.1 and 3.1, 2.2 and 3.2, 2.3 and 3.3 (axis 8.3 s Rigidly fixed by satellites 2.3 and 3.3 are not shown conditionally). On the coaxial shaft 5.2, the common for two coils is a double-acting anchor 6.2 made in the form of a sector of a rectangular cross-section and placed with gaps in the coils of electromagnets 6.1 and 6.3, having frameworks and a curved radial shape and fixed to coaxial shafts 5.1 and 5.3 . The contact rings 12.1 and 12.2, electrically insulated from each other and from the shafts and connected electrically to the coils 6.1 and 6.3, are fixed on the same shafts. On the driven shaft 9 and the carrier B satellites are positioned relative to the non-circular central wheels 14, 15 and 17. The device comprises a power supply unit 18 connected to the position sensors by sliding contacts 16 (or contactless) and to the electromagnets coils 13.1 and 13.2.

DEVICE WORKS AS FOLLOWING

In the mode of converting mechanical energy into electric rotation of the drive shaft 7, rigidly connected to the carrier B, it communicates via axles 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 with the satellites 2.1 and 3.1, 2.2 and 3.2, 2.3 and 3.3 fixed on them, and the movement of the last wheels 1 and 4.1 , 4.2, 4.3, forming the composite central wheel 4 (FIG. 1). The central wheel 1, mounted on the driven shaft 9 with an offset and having a non-circular shape, is in a stationary state at the beginning of the motion or due to the forces of resistance from the action of the load. The satellites 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, conjugated to it, have a circular shape and are set eccentrically relative to their rotation axes. The movement of their non-circular central wheel rolling around them causes their radial beats and, consequently, uneven rotation of the axes 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, which is transmitted by the planetary gears 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 to the gears 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and through coaxial shafts 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 to coils 6.1 , 6.3 and the anchor 6.2. The gear ratio between the non-circular and compound central wheels for each carrier turn varies from the selected value (determined by the ratio of the numbers of the teeth of the composite central wheel and the satellite gears in it) to an equal or near unity. The uneven rotation of each coaxial shaft with gears and electromagnets fixed to them with a negative gear ratio occurs in the direction opposite to the rotation of the carrier with a phase shift of the rotation pulses of 90 ° determined by the position on the carrier B of axes 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 with satellites 2.1 and 2.1 fixed to them 3.1, 2.2 and 3.2, 2.3 and 3.3 (see Fig. 3), and causes torque impulses from the resulting tangential forces of inertia. The magnitude of these pulses depends mainly on the flywheel moments of the armature and the coils of the electromagnets, the angular velocity of the carrier, the magnitude of the displacement of the gears, the range of variation in the gear ratio, and the efficiency of the differential mechanism. With a gear ratio equal to or close to one, the output shaft speeds of the differential mechanism are equalized.

2 shows a diagram of the positions of the initial circles of the planets 2.1 and 3.1 with respect to the initial circles of the non-circular central wheel 1 and the gear 4.1 included in the integral center wheel 4 with two extreme positions. The instantaneous value of the ratio for the upper 1 = 0 and having parameters

R 3 = R ' 2 ; R ' 1 = R 4 ; R ' 2 -R 2 = R 1 -R' 1 = e

Is determined by the formula



Where e is the displacement of the non-circular central wheel and the satellites associated with it;

1 , In , 4 - angular velocities, respectively, of the non-circular central wheel 1, the carrier B and the gear wheel 4.1;

R ' 1 , R' 2 - instantaneous values ​​of the radii of the initial circles of the non-circular central wheel 1 and the eccentric satellite 2.1 at their point of contact;

R 3 , R 4 are the radii of the initial circumferences of the satellite 3.1 and the gear 4.1.

For this position, relation



those. Toothed wheel speed 4.1 4 = 0.

In the case of rotation of the non-circular central wheel 1, this corresponds to the equality of the speeds of the non-circular central wheel 1 and the gear wheel 4.1, which is included in the integral central wheel 4.

Turn the carrier to an angle = 180 ° from the upper position is accompanied by a change in the instantaneous values ​​of the radii of the eccentric satellite 2.1 and the non-circular central wheel 1: R 3 - R 2 = R 1 - R 4 = 2 = 2e;

ratio



- corresponds to the maximum rotation speed of the gear 4.1 with a negative sign, i.e., the direction of rotation of the carrier and the wheel 4.1 are different. Turning the carrier from the upper to the lower position causes the sprocket 4.1 to rotate rapidly with a negative sign up to the maximum value in the lower position in the scheme (acceleration section), and from the lower to the upper one with deceleration (deceleration section) to equalize the velocities of the non-circular central wheel 1 and the gear Wheels 4.1.

3 shows a diagram of the arrangement of the initial circles of the satellites 2.1 and 3.1, 2.2 and 3.2, 2.3 and 3.3 with respect to the initial circles of the non-circular central wheel 1 and the composite central wheel 4, which corresponds to the position of the axes 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 (FIG. 1) B. The motion of the satellites 2.2 and 3.2, 2.3 and 3.3 (see FIG. 3) with respect to the non-circular central wheel 1 and the composite center wheel 4 occurs in a similar manner. In the acceleration sections, the uneven rotation of the satellites, wheels 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and the associated armature and coils of electromagnets having the same flywheel moments produces torque torque pulses that are transmitted through the gears of the differential mechanism to the non-circular central wheel 1 and to the driven shaft 9. The transition of the satellites To the deceleration area is accompanied by a change in the sign of the torque impulse to the opposite one. In a differential mechanism, this impulse is distributed between the carrier, the direction of rotation of which coincides with the direction of the part of this impulse coming to it through the satellite axis, and the driven shaft having the opposite direction of rotation. The ratio of the parts coming to the carrier and driven shaft, in addition to the above factors, depends on the flywheel moment of the carrier. The passage by the satellites of the upper section in circuit 2 corresponds to very large values ​​of the gear ratios at very low efficiency (less than 0.01), and the differential mechanism can be considered as reduced, i.e. Mechanism with a stopped carrier. The remaining part of the impulse comes to the non-circular central wheel, where all impulses of torque are added. As a result, the pulses of torque of one sign act on the driven shaft.

The uneven rotation of the coils and the armature of the electromagnets is due to a change in their angular positions relative to each other. The anchor of electromagnet 6.2 of bilateral action, made in the form of a ring sector (Fig. 4) of rectangular cross-section, is placed in coils 6.1 and 6.3. During the operation of the converter, a continuous change in the gaps occurs 1 and 2 between the armature 6.2 and the coils 19 and 20 of the coils, associated with a change in their inductances and the directing of EMF therein, which can be used to store electrical energy.

An increase in the speed of rotation of the carrier causes an increase in the torque impulses in proportion to the square of the velocity and an increase in the induced EMF in the coils of the electromagnets. Exceeding the torque of the torque moment of resistance on the shaft will cause its rotation. A further increase in the speed of rotation of the carrier results in a greater distribution of the torque from the carrier to the driven shaft and an increase in the speed of its rotation. For each turn of the carrier, the speeds of both output shafts of the differential mechanism are equalized, which leads to a continuous increase in their average rotation speeds in the direction of rotation of the carrier.

In this operating mode of the converter, the torque from the carrier B is distributed in the differential mechanism between the two output shafts by the driven shaft with the resistance moment applied to it from the load action and the composite output shaft rigidly connected to the coils and the armature of the electromagnets performing two functions: a function analogous to the function Massive links inertial automatic impulsive variator, working on the principle of the use of tangential inertia, and the function of the generator of electrical impulses.

In Fig. 5 are schematically shown on the positions of the coils 6.1, 6.3 and the armature 6.2 with respect to each other and the variation of the gaps 1 and 2 when the satellites 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 are rolled around the non-circular central wheel 1. The position of the satellites changes to each next position by 45 ° . The arrows indicate the direction of rotation of the satellites and electromagnets relative to the non-circular central wheel.

In the mode of accumulation of mechanical energy from the drive shaft at 1 = const, the electric current pulses are synchronously given to the positions of the satellites relative to the non-circular central wheel 1 to the coils of electromagnets, taking into account the rise time of the electric current in the inductances and the magnetic properties of the anchor material. Control of the moment of impulse delivery is carried out by the sensors of the positions of the satellites 14 and 15 (FIG. 1) and the power supply unit 18, to the input of which a signal pulse through the sliding contacts 16 (or contactless). The table shows the position numbers and coils of electromagnets in which the current pulses act for the mode of operation of the device in question.

Under the influence of the electromagnetic forces of attraction between the coils and the armature of electromagnets, torque pulses appear on coaxial shafts 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, reducing the moments of resistance from the action of inertia forces on the composite output shaft, which corresponds to a decrease in the fly moments of the coils and the armature of the electromagnets. As a result of reducing the load, the rotation speed of the carrier increases at a constant speed of rotation or when the driven shaft is stationary. The maximum torque acting on the carrier from the forces of electromagnetic attraction between the coils and the armature corresponds to the position of the satellites in FIG. 5, pos.7. In this position, the satellite 2.1 is located in the engagement section corresponding to the maximum gear ratio at the lowest values ​​of the rotational speed of the coil 6.1 associated therewith and the efficiency of the differential mechanism. The satellite 2.2 is in the deceleration area, and the associated anchor 6.2 approaches the coil core 6.1, reducing the gap 2 to position 8 to the minimum and increasing to the maximum value of the magnetic induction and the pulling force of the armature. The torque transmitted to the driver, however, is very small due to the very low efficiency. The satellite 2.3 goes to the deceleration section at the maximum efficiency of the mechanism, and the coil 6.3 associated with it, being attracted to the armature 6.2, creates the greatest torque on the carrier B, increasing the speed of its rotation.

In the mode of transfer of mechanical energy from the carrier to the driven shaft, the supply of pulses of electric current is made to the coils with increasing gaps 1 and 2 , which redistributes the torque from the carrier between the two output shafts of the differential mechanism to the driven shaft. The maximum torque from the action of electromagnetic forces for this operating mode corresponds to the position in Fig. 5 of pos. 3.

In the mode of transfer of mechanical energy from the driven shaft to the carrier (the mode of recovery of mechanical energy), the supply of electric current pulses is made, as in the transfer of mechanical energy, from the carrier to the driven shaft. The torque from the driven shaft is transmitted to the carrier having the same direction of rotation and to the composite output shaft, the speed and rotation directions of which depend on each other on the electromagnetic interaction between the armature 6.2 and the coils 6.1 and 6.3.

In the mode of converting electrical energy into mechanical one, the output shaft 9 is fixed, and the shaft 7, rigidly connected with the driver B, becomes the slave. In this case the differential mechanism turns into a planetary one. The pulses of electric current are fed, as in the mode of accumulation of mechanical energy, from the drive shaft (see above). To operate the device in this mode, it is necessary to pre-untwist the shaft 7 and its associated carrier to a certain rotation speed, after which it switches to the operation mode from electric current pulses.

Increasing the uniformity of torque from the action of electromagnetic forces is associated with an increase in the number of electromagnets with a slight complication of the transforming differential mechanism (the number of coaxial shafts forming a composite output shaft increases, and kinematic constraints are added).

CLAIM

1. An electromechanical recuperative transducer comprising a casing, a driving and driven shaft arranged therein, at least 3 successive converting mechanisms formed by gears with variable gear ratio and massive links having kinematic and electromagnetic couplings, characterized in that the successive converting mechanisms Are made in the form of a differential mechanism with a non-circular central wheel having a predominant negative alternating gear ratio when the non-circular central wheel is stopped, two output shafts, one of which is rigidly connected to the non-circular central wheel and is driven, and the second output shaft is made composite and is formed not less than 3 hollow coaxial shafts rigidly connected to gear wheels forming a composite central wheel, a carrier rigidly connected to the drive shaft and bearing the axes of the satellites meshing with the non-circular and integral central wheels and providing the kinematic coupling of each coaxial shaft to the driven shaft, massive links Are embodied in the form of electromagnets, the armature and coil of which are rigidly fixed on their coaxial shafts forming a composite output shaft, contact rings isolated electrically from each other and from coaxial shafts are fixed on coaxial shafts and electrically connected to coils of electromagnets, the transducer being provided with sensors The positions of the satellites with respect to the non-circular central wheel producing signal pulses of electric current, and the electromagnets are controlled by electric current pulses fed synchronously to the phase positions of the satellites with respect to the non-circular central wheel to the corresponding coil, depending on the operating mode of the converter.

2. A transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric current pulses are supplied to the coils of electromagnets via sliding contacts and contact rings from the power supply unit controlled by the signal pulses of electric current generated by the satellite position sensors relative to the non-circular central gear of the differential mechanism.

3. The converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the carrier of the differential mechanism is made massive and serves as a store of mechanical energy.

print version
Publication date 16.02.2007gg