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CHEMICAL SOURCES OF CURRENT. POWER STORAGE BATTERIES AND ACCUMULATORS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2246034

MAHOVIC ENERGY STORAGE

MAHOVIC ENERGY STORAGE

The name of the inventor: GULIA N.V.
The name of the patentee: SEEEBA-ENERGISISTEME GMBH (DE); Gulia Nurbey Vladimirovich (RU)
Address for correspondence: 125009, Moscow, PO Box 184, PPF "YUS", Pat. VIIonov
Date of commencement of the patent: 2001.01.05

The invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used as a buffer storage of energy, for example, for transport electrified systems, emergency power supplies, uninterruptible power supplies for wind and solar power plants.

The invention is a flywheel and a drive with supports located in separated vacuumed chambers filled with a rarefied gas with different vacuum levels in them, one of them, with a low level of vacuum, is equipped with an electric drive, and in the other, with an increased vacuum level of 0 , 1 ... 0,01 Pa, a flywheel is placed with a turbomolecular pump placed on its shaft supporting an increased vacuum in the flywheel chamber by continuously pumping gas from this chamber into the drive chamber. At the same time, the number of chambers in which the drives and supports are located is at least one, and these chambers are separated from the flywheel chamber by seals according to the number of chambers, which are hermetically sealed, at least at operating speeds of the flywheel. The technical result consists in providing low aerodynamic losses in the flywheel chamber simultaneously with efficient cooling of the drive without using separate cooling systems.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used as a buffer storage of energy, for example, for transport electrified systems, emergency power supplies, uninterruptible power supplies for wind and solar power plants.

There are known flywheel energy stores having a flywheel and an electric drive with their supports located in two separated vacuumed chambers filled with a rarefied gas with different vacuum levels in them, one of them, with a low level of vacuum, is equipped with an electric drive, and in the other, With an increased level of vacuum, 0.1 ... 0.01 Pa, a flywheel is placed with a turbomolecular pump placed on its shaft supporting an increased level of vacuum in the flywheel chamber by continuously transferring gas from this chamber to the drive chamber (see Genta J. " Accumulation of kinetic energy ", Moscow, Mir, 1998, p.178-180, Fig. 3.10). This device is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype device is mainly that turbomolecular pumps of any type have a maximum outlet pressure, less than 1 ... 10 Pa - pressure related to the boundary between medium and high vacuum (Rozanov LN Vacuum Technology, Moscow, Higher School , 1987, p. 93 and 196, Table P4). This means that in the chamber where the electric drive is located this should be maintained, a very low pressure at which the gas has a sufficiently low thermal conductivity and, therefore, does not provide effective cooling of the electric machine. At a higher pressure, referring already to another level of vacuum - low or forvacuum, at which the cooling conditions are favorable, the operation of the turbomolecular pump is impossible. That is why the prototype provides for a separate cooling system for the electric machine, which significantly complicates the device. Another drawback of the prototype is that at lower speeds of the flywheel, which may occur in practice, the turbomolecular pump is inefficient.

The object of the present invention is to provide a flywheel that provides low aerodynamic losses in the flywheel chamber while simultaneously effectively cooling the drive without the need for special cooling systems. The technical result is to provide a high vacuum in the flywheel chamber under low vacuum in the drive chambers, including with a slowly rotating or stationary flywheel, thereby achieving high heat transfer from the heating elements of the drive, for example from the rotor of the electric machine to the walls of the chamber. In vacuum physics, under low, medium and high vacuums is meant a state of gas in which, respectively, the Knudsen criterion is much less than unity, close to unity, and much greater than unity. Approximately for technical calculations, the Knudsen criterion can be defined as L / d eff , where L is the free path length of gas molecules; D eff is the effective size of the evacuated chamber. For a flywheel rotation chamber with a typical clearance Between the flywheel and the chamber walls, for example about 0.01 m, d eff ~ 2 , I.e. 0.02 m. The free path length of the molecules as a function of the gas pressure P (Pa) is defined as L ~ 0.0063 / P, m. Thus, the pressure pertaining to the average vacuum for the flywheel rotor chambers of ordinary sizes is P ~ 0, 0063 / 0.02 = 0.315 Pa.

A pressure that is significantly higher than this value refers to a low vacuum, and if significantly lower than it to a high one (see the above-mentioned book by Rozanova, LN, pp. 20-23). It should be noted that the same value of the Knudsen criterion corresponds to a different gas pressure, depending on the size and configuration of the vacuum chamber. So, for example, the pressure of 0.1 Pa is a high vacuum for a flywheel chamber with a diameter and height of 1 meter and a clearance between the flywheel and walls of 0.01 m, a pressure of 0.315 Pa is, as noted above, an average vacuum for the same chamber . But if the flywheel is withdrawn from this chamber, then for this increased volume the pressure corresponding to the average vacuum (if the chamber is made in the shape of a cylinder with a diameter of 1 m) will be approximately 0.0063 Pa and the pressure 0.1 Pa, like the pressure 0.315 Pa, is already a low vacuum. At the same time, such physical properties of the vacuum as aerodynamic resistance and thermal conductivity depend specifically on the Knudsen criterion, and not on the absolute value of the gas pressure.

To solve the task and achieve the technical result in a known flywheel storage device containing a flywheel and a drive with supports housed in divided vacuum chambers filled with a rarefied gas with different vacuum levels therein, in a chamber with a low level of vacuum, a drive with supports is placed, And a flywheel is placed in the chamber with an increased level of vacuum, the drive chamber with supports is separated from the flywheel chamber by at least one seal that is sealed, at least in the operating frequency of the flywheel, the gas pressure in the chambers of the drives and supports higher Maximum discharge pressure of turbomolecular pumps and refers to a low vacuum with a Knudsen criterion below 0.01, and in the flywheel chamber - refers to a vacuum with a Knudsen criterion above 0.01.

There are other possible embodiments of the invention, according to which it is necessary that:

- the seals between the chambers would have been hydrodynamic;

- the seals between the chambers would be of a static type;

- the seals between the chambers would have been made by a combined static-dynamic type;

- it would be provided with an additional chamber and a drive with supports located in the additional chamber separated from the flywheel chamber by at least one seal made sealed, at least in the operating frequency of the flywheel rotation;

- the chambers would be equipped with valves for communicating the flywheel chamber to the chambers of the drives and supports while the flywheel speed is reduced below the working speed;

- the level of vacuum in the flywheel chamber would correspond to the Knudsen criterion, at least two orders of magnitude greater than that in the chambers of the drives and supports.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

MAHOVIC ENERGY STORAGE

1 shows a general scheme of a flywheel.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the lower seal (in section).

FIG. 3 is a top-seal diagram (in section). FIG.

The flywheel contains a flywheel 1, the shaft 2 of which is kinematically connected to the actuators, in this case two - to the rotor 3 of the electric machine placed in the chamber 4 separated from the flywheel chamber 5 by the seal 6 and mechanically driven, for example, From the sealed cavities, the wave generator 7 being placed in the chamber 8 separated from the chamber 5 by the seal 9. The flexible wave wheel 10 seals the chamber 8 from the atmosphere and the rigid wheel 11 with the output shaft 12 is in atmospheric conditions. Supports 13 and 14 are located in the drive chambers. Seals 6 and 9, for example of a combined type - centrifugal-static (Fig. 2 - seal 6 and Fig. 3 - seal 9). They comprise a rotating cavity 15 connected to the shaft 2 and a fixed cavity 16 connected to the body of the chambers. The annular gaps between the cavities are filled with grease 17 used in vacuum systems. On the left in Figs. 2 and 3, the level of lubrication h in the dynamics is shown, and on the right - with the fixed flywheel 1, when the pressure difference in the chambers 4, 5 and 8 is balanced by the lubrication column with a height difference H 100 ... 120 mm. Wherein , As in the dynamics of oil distilled outward due to its rotation. However, it is possible to use both purely dynamic and purely static (eg, magnetic) seals.

In chamber 5, a pressure corresponding to an average and high vacuum is established - this is for the usual dimensions of the chamber 5 and the gaps between the flywheel and the chamber walls of about 0.1 ... 0.01 Pa, or the Knudsen criterion 0.6 ... 6, and in Chambers 4 and 8 - corresponding to a low level of vacuum and significantly exceeding the maximum outlet pressure of turbomolecular pumps - 10 Pa and reaching 100 Pa and above with Knudsen's criteria below 0.01 for any real dimensions of the flywheel. The desired rarefied gas in the chambers is helium.

EXAMPLE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

In chambers 4, 5 and 8, a suitable gas pressure, preferably helium, is established by means of suitable vacuum pumps. Helium provides, on the one hand, reduced power loss for the rotation of the flywheel, and on the other hand, high heat transfer in the drives. It is known that gases with a low level of vacuum have almost the same thermal conductivity as at atmospheric pressure (see Rozanov, LN Vacuum Technology, M., Higher School, 1987, p. 25, Fig.2.2). Therefore, at a pressure of 100 Pa or higher, the cooling of the actuators of both the rotor 3 and the wave generator 7 will be satisfactory. Moreover, the lubrication conditions will meet the necessary requirements, since a pressure of 100 Pa or higher will not cause active gas evolution and evaporation of the lubricant. However, the main effect of the device is that the force effects of the pressure drop between the chambers 5 and 4, 8 will be negligible - the difference between, for example, 0.1 Pa in chamber 5 and 100 Pa in chambers 4 and 8 causes only 0.01 N Per 1 cm 2 of the active surface of the seals 6 and 9. If the usual atmospheric pressure in the chambers 4 and 8 had to be compressed, then the force action on these seals would be 1000 times higher. Thus, practically not violating the cooling mode of the drives and increasing the requirements for its oxidation, corrosion resistance and dustiness, the device allows the use of the simplest designs of the seals 6 and 9, two or three orders less strained than at atmospheric pressure in the chambers 4 and 8. And This is with much less complexity, size, weight, cost, power loss during rotation and significantly greater durability. In particular, the combined seals shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are operable and withstand a pressure difference of 100 Pa both in the dynamics and with the fixed flywheel 1.

If the seals are only dynamic, for example, centrifugal or screw-type, their dimensions for the marked differential pressure can be much smaller, 30 ... 50 mm along the axis. In this case, the valves 18 and 19 connecting the chambers 4 and 8 to the chamber 5 are activated when the speed of the flywheel 1 is reduced below the operating speed.

In the case of using static, for example, magneto-liquid seals, their dimensions, complexity, cost and rotation losses are much less than with a pressure difference of one bar (100 kPa).

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

The invention corresponds to the criterion of "industrial applicability", since it is feasible with the help of known materials, means of production and technologies.

The use of the present invention makes it possible to create a flywheel having a high efficiency, with its sufficient simplicity, whereby the power take-off and power take-off from the flywheel and to the flywheel can be several, with sufficient cooling.

CLAIM

1. A flywheel containing a flywheel and a drive with supports housed in separated vacuumed chambers filled with a rarefied gas with different vacuum levels therein, in which a drive with supports is placed in a chamber with a low level of vacuum, and in a chamber with an increased level of vacuum is placed A flywheel, characterized in that the drive chamber with supports is separated from the flywheel chamber by at least one seal that is sealed, at least in the operating frequency of the flywheel, the gas pressure in the chambers of the drives and supports above the maximum discharge pressure of the turbomolecular pumps And refers to a low vacuum with a Knudsen criterion below 0.01, and the pressure in the flywheel chamber refers to a vacuum with a Knudsen criterion above 0.01.

2. A flywheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the seals between the chambers are hydrodynamic.

3. The flywheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the seals between the chambers are of a static type.

4. The flywheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the seals between the chambers are made of a combined statically dynamic type.

5. The flywheel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with an additional chamber and an actuator with supports disposed in an additional chamber separated from the flywheel chamber by at least one seal made sealed, at least in operating mode Rotation of the flywheel.

6. A flywheel according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 5, characterized in that the chambers are provided with valves for communicating the flywheel chamber to the chambers of the drives and supports while the flywheel speed is reduced below the working speed.

7. A flywheel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the vacuum level in the flywheel chamber corresponds to the Knudsen criterion, which is at least two orders of magnitude greater than that in the chambers of the drives and supports.

print version
Publication date 16.02.2007gg