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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2101807
ELECTRIC CHEMICAL ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE
The name of the inventor: Shchigorev IG; Grigoryeva LK; Zhuchenko OA; Stan'kov V.KH.
The name of the patent holder: Limited Liability Partnership "Himimelectro"
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1994.07.18
Use: electrochemical storage of electrical energy, based on the use of a double layer capacity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The electrochemical energy storage device comprises two electrodes with a porous reinforcing structure made of a metal sponge of 0.2-0.2 mm thick filled with carbon powder with a high specific surface, separated by a porous separator. The maximum pore size of the separator is smaller than the minimum particle size of the coal powder.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in the production of large-capacity electrochemical energy storage devices.
An energy storage device is known comprising a volumetric porous tantalum anode and a polar electrolyte disposed in the pores of the capacitor paper (1).
The disadvantage of this device is a high internal resistance and low specific electrical characteristics. Of the known electrical energy storage devices, the energy storage device, which contains the two most electrodes with a porous reinforcing structure of polymer filled with carbon powder with a high specific surface area, is the closest in terms of the set of essential features. These electrodes are separated by a porous separator (2).
The disadvantage of this energy store is a high internal resistance due to the use of a non-conductive polymer structure in the electrodes. This reduces the electrical characteristics of the drive.
The object of the invention is to provide a drive having high electrical characteristics and reliability.
This goal is achieved by the fact that in a known energy store as a reinforcing structure a metal sponge 0.2 0.2 mm thick is taken and the maximum pore diameter of the separator pore is smaller than the minimum particle size of the coal powder.
The use of a metal sponge as a reinforcing structure leads to an increase in the area of electrical contact of the carbon mass of the electrodes with the current lead and its strong bonding in the pores of the reinforcing structure. This makes it possible to reduce the internal resistance of the energy storage device and, consequently, to increase its electrical characteristics. The use of a porous separator with a maximum pore size smaller than the minimum particle size of the coal powder prevents the migration of charged coal particles through the separator and the associated self-discharge of the energy storage device.
The conducted analysis of the prior art showed that the claimed set of essential features set forth in the claims is not known. This allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "novelty".
In order to verify the compliance of the invention, the criterion "inventive level" was further searched for known solutions in order to identify features that coincide with the features of the invention that are distinct from the prototype.
It has been found that the invention does not follow explicitly for the skilled artisan from the prior art. This allows us to conclude that the invention corresponds to the criterion of "inventive level".
FIG. 1 shows the construction of a section of the electrochemical energy storage
FIG. 2 Dependence of the storage capacity ( F / cm 3 ) on the thickness (in mm) of the active layer.
The storage section includes two highly porous carbon electrodes 1 separated by a separator 2 impregnated with an electrolyte. The metal foil 3 is pressed to the rear surfaces of the electrodes, which acts as the body and current collectors of the storage section. On the periphery of the edge 5 of the foil are sealed with an alkali-resistant insulating compound. The free volume 4 is filled with an inert gas. In the carbon active layers of the electrodes 1, porous reinforcing metal structures are placed, which use a nickel sponge with a porosity of 90% and an average pore diameter of 0.15 mm . The thickness of the layer of coal incident on the true surface of the nickel sponge (additional current lead with a developed surface) is 0.05 0.07 mm , which is 2.0 2.5 times smaller than the thickness of the prototype active layer ( 0.15 0.20 mm ) . The thickness of the active layer is not more than 2 microns . Coal in the sponge is in the pressed and rolled state, in which the average pore diameter decreases from the surface to the center of the active layer, which is achieved by the technology of joint pressing and rolling. In the proposed construction of the active layer, the metal sponge is the most effective binder of coal particles than conventionally used for this purpose surface-active agents such as latex, polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene suspensions, etc. which irreversibly adsorb on the coal surface and reduce the capacity of the double electrical layer, and hence , And storage capacity. As a clamping current collector used (as in the prototype) nickel foil 0.05 mm . The separator is an alkali-resistant fine-pored paper TU13-0248643-793-89 N4 , impregnated with a 32% aqueous solution of KOH under vacuum.
The capacities of the storage sections shown in FIG.
2 , were determined from the value of the discharge time of the section 
A constant current I from a voltage of 1.0 to 0.0 V using the relationship: 
The results of the capacitance measurement shown in FIG. 2 , obtained using a discharge current density of 70 mA / cm 2 , which provides the drive stable and sufficiently high specific electric characteristics. For comparison, FIG. 2 shows the specific capacitance of the prototype section ( 8.8 F / cm 3 ) obtained with the same discharge current density ( 70 mA / cm 2 ).
The thickness of the active layer (and section) of the sentence is 3 times larger than the active layer (and section) of the prototype, while the specific capacity of the supply is 2 times higher than the capacity of the prototype. This difference in the behavior of the supply and the prototype is due to the fact that the true thickness of the carbon layer contacting the true surface of the nickel sponge ( 0.05 0.07 mm ) is approximately 3 times smaller than the thickness of the carbon layer in the prototype. The thinner the coal layer, the higher the utilization factor of the active mass and the higher the working (normalized) current. However, for sufficiently large thicknesses of the proposed active layer, the slow diffusion of the electrolyte ions entering the ion plate of the double electric layer plays a limiting role. This effect was obtained by studying the dependence of the specific capacity of the supply section on the thickness of the active layer (nickel sponge) of Fig. 2 .
As can be seen from Fig. 2 , the dependence of the specific capacity of the supply section on the thickness of the active layer passes through a maximum that lies at the optimum thickness of the active layer 0.7 mm . The decrease in the specific capacity of the supply to the right of the maximum is due to an increase in the diffusion resistance of the electrolyte ions with an increase in the thickness of the active layer, as well as an increase in the electrical resistance of those layers of coal that are further removed from the foil tap. The growth of the diffusion resistance of the electrolyte ions leads to an increase in the relaxation time (the time through which the voltage across the active layer reaches the value of the applied voltage) and the need to reduce the operating currents.
The decrease in capacity to the left of the maximum is due to two factors: technological difficulties in manufacturing a thin active layer with a specified percentage of coal in a sponge that is poorly rolled into thin sponges, but also by a higher contribution of the thickness of the separator and the foil current collector to the total thickness of the storage section.
From the comparison of the specific capacity of the supply and the prototype ( Figure 2 ) it follows that for the thickness of the active layer of the proposal 0.2 2.0 mm, the specific capacity of the section is 1.1 2.1 times higher than the capacity of the prototype.
Thus, placing a 0.2-2.0 mm thick porous reinforcing metal structure in the active layer of the storage ring and using a separator having a maximum pore size smaller than the minimum particle size of the coal powder allows to increase the specific capacity of the storage device due to the following factors: Active mass with a current lead; Increase the thickness of the active layer; Increase the density of the active mass, and reduce the self-discharge of the drive due to the size factor that excludes the migration of coal particles through the pores of the separator ( see table ).
The proposal also improves the stability of the drive characteristics by eliminating the movement of coal particles (layers) and the scattering of the active mass, and by allowing the active mass to be fixed firmly in the pores of the reinforcing metal structure and eliminating the use of binding surfactants whose adsorption depends on the potential of the electrode.
The possibility of obtaining equal-thickness active layers increases the electric contact area of the active layer with the foil current collector, which simplifies the design of the accumulator battery.
The proposal provides two-way operation of the active layer, which makes it possible to create storage section on the basis of the electrode package and use them as long-term current sources (replacement of chemical current sources).
The invention is industrially applicable. For the production of an active layer using a three-dimensional reinforcing metal structure, development and production of special equipment is not required. The active layer can be manufactured on equipment used to produce electrodes of chemical sources of current. For the production of storage sections on the basis of a package of positive and negative electrodes, structural elements of chemical current sources (tanks, borons, current leads, etc.) can be used, thus achieving a high level of standardization and unification of the product.
CLAIM
An electrochemical storage of electrical energy comprising two electrodes with a porous structure filled with carbon powder with a high specific surface, separated by a separator, characterized in that a metal sponge is used as the reinforcing structure and the maximum pore diameter of the separator is smaller than the minimum particle size of the coal powder.
The storage device of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the metal sponge is 0.2 2.0 mm
print version
Date of publication 08.11.2006gg
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