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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2242287
MAGNETIC SUPPORT OF VERTICAL ROTOR
The name of the inventor: Kaliteevsky A.K. (RU); Glukhov N.P. (RU); Kantin B.I. (RU); Liseikin V.P. (RU); Dobulevich V.М. (RU); Ivakin VA
Name of patent holder: Federal State Unitary Enterprise Production Association "Electrochemical Plant"
Address for correspondence: 198096, St. Petersburg, Stachek Ave., 47, Scientific and Technical Center "Centrotech-EKhZ", Director A.K. Kaliteevsky
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.01.23
The invention relates to mechanical engineering and, in particular, to magnetic bearings of vertical rotors of fast-rotating devices, energy storage devices, centrifuges in which the upper magnetic support of the rotor provides radial rigidity and centering of the rotor relative to the housing and, at the same time, unloads the lower support from the axial load. The magnetic support includes an annular axially magnetized magnet with a pole piece installed in the housing and a ferromagnetic sleeve located on the rotor located opposite the lower end of the magnet. Moreover, in the magnetic support the ratio of the outer diameter of the magnet to the average diameter of the ferromagnetic sleeve is 1.2-1.5, the ratio of the inner diameter of the magnet to the average diameter of the ferromagnetic sleeve is 0.8-0.9, and the ratio of the height of the magnet to its average diameter is 0 , 1-0.4. It is advisable that the magnet be mounted on the axis with a minimum clearance along the landing surface of the housing. The invention improves the support parameters by optimizing the mass and dimensions of the magnet from the rare earth elements.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to mechanical engineering and, in particular, to magnetic bearings of vertical rotors of fast-rotating devices, energy storage devices, centrifuges in which the upper magnetic support of the rotor provides radial rigidity and centering of the rotor relative to the housing and, at the same time, unloads the lower support from the axial load.
The magnetic support of the centrifuge rotor is known, in which a ferromagnetic packing is located on the rotor, and an axially magnetized stator magnet with a pole piece located above it is mounted on the housing cover with an annular gap for the possibility of its movement in the horizontal plane and the centering of the rotor (RF patent No. 2115482).
Such a magnetic support allows a good alignment of the rotor relative to the housing cover, but requires an additional technological operation for each product, which complicates the serial production of the product.
The closest technical solution to the proposed is a magnetic support containing a ferromagnetic bushing fixed coaxially on the rotor, an annular axially magnetized magnet mounted in the housing above the bushing, and a pole piece in the form of a ring with a radial flange at the end adjacent to the lower end of the magnet. The ferromagnetic sleeve is made with an annular radial projection, the thickness of which is 0.5-1.5 of the wall thickness of the hub, and its height is 0.1-0.3 of the height of the hub, and the outer diameter of the radial flange of the pole piece is 0.92-0, 95 of the average diameter of a ring magnet (RF patent No. 2054334).
This invention increases the stiffness of the magnetic support and reduces pressure on the lower support, but does not give recommendations on the choice of the size of the magnet, which is the main element of the magnetic support - the carrier of magnetic energy, the optimization of which makes a significant contribution to the parameters of the magnetic system. Especially, and first of all, this refers to magnets from rare-earth materials, for example, based on the neodymium-iron-boron system.
The technical result of the invention consists in reducing the load on the lower support of the rotor while simultaneously increasing the radial stiffness of the upper magnetic support of the rotor, and improving its alignment without impairing the weight and size parameters and complicating the support structure by selecting a rational shape and the ratio of the magnet dimensions and the mutual arrangement of its elements.
For this purpose, the ratio of the outer diameter of the magnet to the average diameter of the upper end of the ferromagnetic sleeve is 1.2-1, 5, the ratio of the inner diameter of the magnet to the average diameter of the upper end of the ferromagnetic sleeve is 0.8-0.9, and the ratio of the height of the magnet to its average diameter is 0.1-0.4.
In addition, in the magnetic support of the vertical rotor, the magnet is installed along the axis of the housing with a minimum clearance along the landing surface of the housing.
The invention is explained by the drawings:
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FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the magnetic support of a vertical rotor; FIG. 2 is a graph of load dependencies on the lower support of the rotor and the radial stiffness of the upper magnetic bearing of the rotor on the dimensions of the magnet and the ferromagnetic sleeve.
In the non-magnetic housing 1 (see FIG. 1), an axially magnetized annular magnet 2 with a ferromagnetic pole piece 3 is mounted. The ferromagnetic sleeve 4 is fixed to the rotor 5 coaxially with it in its upper part and is located opposite the lower end of the magnet 2. The rotor 5 rests on the lower Support 6, and in the upper magnetic support does not have mechanical contact with fixed parts.
The upper end of the ferromagnetic sleeve 4 has an internal diameter d B and an external diameter d H , so that the average diameter of the upper end of the ferromagnetic sleeve 4 is d CP = (d B + d H ) / 2. The ratio of the outer diameter d H of the magnet 2 to the average diameter d CP of the ferromagnetic sleeve 4 is 1.2-1.5, i.e. The ratio D N / d CP = 1.2-1.5 is satisfied, the ratio of the inner diameter D B of the magnet 2 to the average diameter d CP of the ferromagnetic sleeve 4 is 0.8-0.9, i.e. The ratio D B / d CP = 0.8-0.9 is satisfied, and the ratio of the height H of the magnet 2 to its average diameter D CP = (D B + D H ) / 2 is 0.1-0.4, i.e., . The ratio H / D CP = 0.1-0.4 is satisfied. In this case, the magnet 2 is installed along the axis of the centrifuge with a minimum clearance along the landing surface of the housing, i.e. The inner diameter D B of the magnet 2 is made with the greatest accuracy, which determines the necessary level of alignment of the upper end of the ferromagnetic sleeve 4 of the rotor 5 relative to the body 1.
The annular magnet 2 creates an axisymmetric magnetic field whose attractive force through the ferromagnetic sleeve 4 unloads the lower support 6 from the part of the weight of the rotor weight and provides the upper support with a radial stiffness, i.e. the ability to counteract the rotor deviations from the angular relative to the lower support. The magnetic flux between the poles of the magnet 2 is closed through the pole piece 3 and the ferromagnetic sleeve 4.
MAGNETIC SUPPORT WORKS AS FOLLOWING
At rest and during rotation of the rotor 5, the axisymmetric magnetic field of the magnet 2 retains the ferromagnetic sleeve 4 and the associated rotor 5 in a vertical stationary position, without impeding the rotation of the rotor 5 on the support 6. In the case of a rotor deviation from the axis of the housing 1, the symmetry of the magnetic field is disturbed, Creates a radial force that prevents the deflection of the rotor 5 and returns the rotor 5 to its original position when the disturbing force ceases.
Due to the choice of the geometric parameters of the magnet 2, in the proposed ranges of preferred values with respect to the ferromagnetic sleeve 4, an increased concentration of magnetic flux is provided in the gap between the sleeve 4 and the tip 3 and an optimum load relation to the support 6 and the transverse stiffness of the magnetic support is provided.
Calculation and experimental studies have shown that the choice of the geometric dimensions of the magnet 2 outside these ranges of magnet sizes worsens the operating parameters of the magnetic support. From the dependences in Fig. 2, it is seen that for D h / d CP <1,2, the load on the support increases sharply, and the transverse stiffness practically does not change, for D H / d CP > 1.5 the load on the support remains practically unchanged, and The lateral stiffness sharply decreases, despite the fact that an increase in the mass and energy of an expensive magnet occurs.
This is due to the fact that the relative increase or decrease in the size of the magnet leads to the need to increase or decrease the gap size between the end of the ferromagnetic sleeve 4 and the tip 3, the magnitude of which has a nonlinear and multidirectional effect on the load in the lower support and the lateral rigidity of the magnetic support.
For a magnetic support with D V / d CP = 0,8-0,9, the magnetic axis of the support turns out to be practically identical, with the existing spread of properties and manufacturing parameters, with the geometrical axis of the internal diameter of the magnet 2, ie. The alignment of the rotor is ensured by the arrangement of the inner diameter of the magnet 2 and, consequently, the quality of execution and fit of this diameter in the housing 1.
In addition, due to the minimum seating clearance between the magnet 2 and the housing seat, a geometric alignment of the rotor 5, which is mounted on the magnetic axis of the magnet 2, is provided, which in this case accurately (up to the tolerance for manufacturing the inner diameter D B of the magnet 2 and the housing seat ) Coincides with the axis of the body 1, which increases the reliability and durability of the rotor. This geometric centering effect is especially pronounced in rare-earth energy-intensive magnets with geometric-sized geometries of the sleeve and magnet optimized in accordance with the present invention, in which the magnetic flux is much more concentrated.
CLAIM
1. A magnetic support of a vertical rotor comprising an annular axially magnetized magnet mounted in the body with a pole piece and a ferromagnetic sleeve disposed on the rotor opposite the lower end of the magnet, characterized in that the ratio of the outer diameter of the magnet to the average diameter of the upper end of the ferromagnetic sleeve is 1.2 ... 1.5, the ratio of the inner diameter of the magnet to the average diameter of the upper end of the ferromagnetic sleeve is 0.8 ... 0.9, and the ratio of the height of the magnet to its average diameter is 0.1 ... 0.4.
2. The magnetic support of the vertical rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnet is installed along the axis of the housing with a minimum clearance along the seating surface of the housing.
print version
Published on February 18, 2007
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