Start of section
Production, amateur
Radio amateurs
Aircraft model, rocket-model
Useful, entertaining 		Stealth Master
Electronics
Physics
Technologies
Inventions 		Secrets of the cosmos
Secrets of the Earth
Secrets of the Ocean
Tricks
Map of section
Start
Forum
Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks)

Navigation: =>

Home / Patent catalog / Catalog section / Back /

CHEMICAL SOURCES OF CURRENT. POWER STORAGE BATTERIES AND ACCUMULATORS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2123215

MAGNETIC COIL OF BOGDANOV

MAGNETIC COIL OF BOGDANOV

The name of the inventor: Bogdanov Igor Glebovich
The name of the patent holder: Bogdanov Igor Glebovich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1997.09.19

Usage: as an inductive energy storage. The magnetic coil contains a main and additional windings made of a composite superconductor, an insulator for winding insulation, a fastening structure with cooling channels, a bandage, a coil feeding system, an output device stored in a coil and installed in a cryostat with a cryogenic system connected to cooling channels and a cryostat . The windings of the additional winding are made along the windings of the main winding with the possibility of feeding current from the opposite direction relative to the current of the main winding. The coil feeding system is configured to supply the main winding with a current of one direction, and an additional one by a current of the opposite direction relative to the current of the main winding. The technical result consists in reducing the mechanical stresses that occur during the feeding of the coils.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to superconducting magnetic coils, which can be used as an inductive energy storage device.

A magnetic coil, made in the form of a superconducting solenoid, is used as an inductive energy storage device for energy storage in electricity supply systems in cities in the USA [1]. The magnetic coil is made in the form of a large superconducting solenoid with a height of 100 m and a radius of 150 m with the possibility of accumulating 4.6 · 10 13 J of energy. At that, according to the winding of a total thickness of 260 mm with a mass of 9.57 · 10 6 kg, a current of 50 kA flows in the charging regime and the field at the center of the coil reaches 4.5 T. The magnetic coil is equipped with a cryogenic system and a cryostat. The winding is made of a composite superconductor. The coil comprises a fastening structure with cooling channels, which is capable of securing the winding, a coil feeding system, an output device of the energy stored in the coil, an insulator configured to isolate the winding, a band formed as a recess in the rock where the magnetic coil is placed, That the winding is connected to the rock by means of a fastening structure. The radial tensile stress of the winding is transferred to the mounting structure and through it to the rock.

The disadvantage of this device is the large mechanical radial stresses created by the winding. A further disadvantage is the small value of the marginal energy stored in the magnetic coil due to the limitation of the limiting value of the mechanical strength of the coil material stored in the coil, which is necessary to counter the radial stresses with which the winding presses the fastening structure and through it onto the rock, since, as the coil The radial stresses are growing.

A magnetic coil made in the form of a superconducting solenoid is used in the powerful Bogdanov electric propulsion system for dispatching aircraft and spacecraft in the atmospheres of the Earth and planets by ionizing large volumes of atmospheric gas and accelerating ionized gas by electromagnetic forces to create a reactive thrust of more than 10 8 n [2 ]. In this case, the aircraft can not take with itself the reserves of chemical fuel and working fluid, and accelerate completely due to the energy stored in the magnetic coil, which is used, among other things, as an inductive energy storage. The aircraft weighing several thousand tons can accelerate in this way to speeds exceeding the third space velocity.

The magnetic coil in this case comprises a winding, an insulator configured to isolate the winding, a fixing structure with cooling channels, a winding attachment, a coil feed system, an output and switching device of the energy stored in the coil, a band formed as a body of an electric propulsion system. The winding is made of a composite superconductor. The coil is equipped with a cryostat and a cryogenic system.

The disadvantage of this device is the large amount of mechanical radial stresses created by the winding. The next disadvantage of this device is the small value of the limiting energy stored in the coil due to the limitation of the limiting value stored in the magnetic coil by the mechanical strength of the fastening structure, the casing and the winding, as the radial mechanical stresses with which the winding presses on the body of the electric propulsion engine .

A magnetic coil is known, comprising a winding made of a composite superconductor, an insulator configured to insulate the winding, a fixing structure with cooling channels, configured to fasten the winding, a band surrounding the winding made of stainless steel [3]. The coil is equipped with a cryostat and a cryogenic system connected to a cryostat and cooling channels. The coil contains a system for feeding the coil and an output device of the energy stored in the coil. As an insulator, a thin polyester film covered with adhesive layer is laid between windings. The turns of the winding are grouped in a section between which there is a fastening structure with cooling channels, made in the form of insulating pads in the form of a disk with perforation, which ensures the free flow of liquid helium.

The disadvantage of such a device is the small limit value stored in the coil energy, since the limit value stored in the coil energy is limited by the mechanical strength of the coil with respect to the radial mechanical stresses generated by the winding, the magnitude of which increases with the energy stored in the coil. A further disadvantage is the large value of the radial mechanical stresses created by the winding.

A magnetic coil [4] is known, containing at least two superconducting windings wound in opposite directions on two parallel coaxial insulating frames. The ends of each superconducting winding are connected to the current leads.

The disadvantage of this design is the insufficient reduction of mechanical stresses that occur when the magnetic coil is energized by current.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the mechanical stresses generated by the winding in the magnetic coil and to increase the energy stored in the magnetic coil.

This problem is solved by the fact that a magnetic coil comprising a main and additional windings made of a composite superconductor isolated from each other and covered with an insulator, a fixing structure with cooling channels, a band, a coil feed system, an output device stored in the coil, and installed inside Cryostat with a cryogenic system connected to the cooling channels and the cryostat, according to the invention, the turns of the additional winding are made along the turns of the main winding with the possibility of feeding current from the opposite direction relative to the current of the main winding from the coil feeding system. The coil feeding system can be configured to simultaneously supply the main and additional windings with currents of opposite directions. The output device of the energy stored in the coil can be configured to simultaneously output energy from the main and additional windings. The system for feeding the coil may be configured to alternately energize the main winding and the additional winding, whereby a part of the energy is first fed into one winding, then to another winding, and so on. The output device of the energy stored in the coil can be configured to alternately output energy from the main and additional windings, at first part of the energy from one winding, then from the other, and so on, is output. The magnetic coil may be provided with mechanical stress sensors arranged inside the coil and a computer configured to read and process information from the mechanical stress sensors and control the operation of the coil feed system and the output device stored in the coil. The coil feeding system and the output device stored in the coil may be provided with current meters or with magnetic field meters created by the current in the main and auxiliary windings.

This design reduces the magnetic field of the coil due to the fact that the oppositely directed currents of the main and additional windings create oppositely directed magnetic fields that are added together in vector and give a total field reduced in relation to the field created by the separate winding, while each winding stored separately The magnetic energy is conserved and can be used.

No technical solutions have been found that perform the task in a similar way.

MAGNETIC COIL OF BOGDANOV

In Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the Bogdanov magnetic coil; In Fig. 2 - schematic diagram of Bogdanov's magnetic coil in section AA; In Fig. 3 is a clear schematic diagram showing the directions of current density vectors in the main and additional windings.

The Bogdanov magnetic coil, hereafter simply a coil, contains the main coil 1; Insulator 2, covering winding, designed to isolate the winding; Band 3, surrounding the winding along the outer perimeter; A fastening structure 4 with cooling channels 5, 6, which is adapted to fasten the winding; An additional winding 7, the turns of which are made along the turns of the main winding except for the sections that go directly to the coil feeding system and the power storage device; A coil feeding system 8 configured to energize, or simultaneously, the main winding with a current of one direction of the current density vector and an additional coil with a current of another direction of the current density vector, or alternately energize the main winding and the additional winding, first supplying some of the energy to one winding, Another winding, and so on, with currents of opposite directions of the current density vector; The output device of the energy stored in the coil 9, configured to extract energy from the coil, or simultaneously from the main winding and from the additional winding, or alternately first from one winding part of the energy, then from another winding part of the energy, and so on. The magnetic coil is equipped with a cryogenic system 10, a cryostat 11. The cryogenic system is connected to cooling channels and to a cryostat. The coil is installed inside the cryostat. The main and additional windings are configured to be fed with currents of opposite directions of the current density vector. The windings are insulated from one another, covered with an insulator, for example a thin polyester film covered with an adhesive layer. The main and additional windings are made of a composite superconducting, for example, Nb 3 Sn, placed in a copper matrix. The fastening structure is made of fiberglass and epoxy compound. The band is made of stainless steel. And the band can be made of a ferromagnetic material. The cryostat inside contains two cavities enclosed in each other, filled with liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. The cavities are separated from each other and from the external wall of the cryostat by a vacuum chamber. The outer cavity with liquid nitrogen, internal with liquid helium. The output device stored in the coil energy can be combined with the system of feeding the coil. Inside the coil, mechanical stress sensors 12, 13 are connected to the computer 14. The computer is executed outside the cryostat with the ability to receive and process information from mechanical stress sensors and to control the operation of the coil feeding system and the output device stored in the coil. The sensors are made between the inner turn of the main or additional winding and the outer edge of the winding, for example, by a bandage. The following options for the location of sensors are possible. Sensors can be located between the outer outer coil winding and the bandage. The sensors can be located between sections containing several turns of the main and additional windings. The sensors can be made between sections containing several turns of the main and additional windings. Sections in this case can be made with the possibility of individual feeding and individual withdrawal of the stored energy of the main and additional windings. The sensor can be made, for example, in the form of a piezoelectric plate with electrical contacts at the ends. The energy storage system and the output device stored in the coil can be configured to measure the current in the main and secondary windings. For this purpose, current meters or magnetic field meters created by the current flowing along the winding are made in them. In the cooling channels is the helium-3 helium isotope.

The magnetic coil works as follows. On the main winding 1, an electric current flows with a current density vector Insulator 2 electrically insulates the winding. The band 3 fixes the position of the winding and counteracts the radial stresses occurring in the winding. The fixing structure 4 fixes the position of the winding. Cooling channels 5, 6 cool the main and additional winding 7 with liquid helium. On the additional winding 7, a current flows with the current density vector -j, opposite to the current density vector , Which feeds the main winding. The main winding creates a magnetic field with a vector of magnetic induction . The additional winding creates a magnetic field with a vector of magnetic induction, approximately equal to - Directed opposite to the magnetic field of the main winding. The magnetic fields of the main and additional windings are added together in vector form, and as a result, the total field of the coil decreases many times. Accordingly, the radial stresses arising in the winding are also greatly reduced, since the radial stresses are proportional to the Ampere force, with which the winding with the current I flowing in it in the magnetic field :



Where

I is the current in the winding;

- Current density vector current in the winding;

- induction of the magnetic field of the coil.

It is actually possible to talk about the reduction of radial stresses from several times to several orders, since it is impossible to obtain an ideal equality of the fields of the main and additional windings even if the current strength of the opposite currents flowing along them is equal.

The coil feeding system 8 supplies the main and additional windings with oppositely directed currents. It is very important how it goes. The main and auxiliary windings feed either simultaneously or alternately first one winding, then another so that each time moment vectors of current density In the windings were oppositely directed, and the current in the windings were or approximately equal to each other in modulus, or differed from each other as little as possible. The output device of the energy stored in the coil 9 outputs energy from the coil, or simultaneously from the main and additional windings, or alternately first from one winding, then from the other and so on, so that during the entire time the stored energy is released from the coil of the current in the main and secondary The windings were or approximately equal to each other in modulus or differed as little as possible.

Such modes of feeding the coil with current and output of the energy stored in the coil allow each moment of time to adhere to the conditions under which the total magnetic field from the main and additional windings together is minimal in the coil and, as a consequence, the radial stresses in the windings caused by this field Radial voltages in the winding are proportional to the product of the magnetic field of the coil in the area of ​​the winding section by the current in the winding. In addition, in such modes of power input and output of stored energy in windings, minimal induction currents arise. And we should expect additionally that under such a feeding regime in both windings the current density can be significantly higher than if each winding were fed without another winding for two reasons:

1. When powering a conventional magnetic coil with a single winding, powerful induction currents arise that prevent the washing, due to the fact that the current of the coil changes and the magnetic field of the coil created by the current changes, and the induction currents are a consequence of this change in the magnetic field. With a decrease in the field variation, induction currents also decrease.

2. An increase in the current density in the superconducting winding is impeded by the magnetic field of the coil, since in the superconductor the critical current density decreases with increasing magnetic field.

In the proposed magnetic coil, these two causes are practically eliminated or their effect is reduced to a minimum. Induction currents either do not arise at all (negligibly small), or they arise very insignificantly, since the magnetic flux through the circuit limited by the turns of the main or additional winding, or does not change (changes negligibly), or varies insignificantly. The magnetic field of the coil does not reduce the critical current density of the superconductor of the winding, since the field or negligibly slightly tends to zero, or is small.

Therefore, it can be assumed that in the proposed magnetic coil it is realistic to achieve a current density comparable to the current density of short samples without a magnetic field. This value for Nb 3 Sn, for example, exceeds 10 10 A / m 2 , and the limiting current density should not depend on the dimensions of the coil.

It should be noted that in the regime of simultaneous feeding of the main and additional windings or the simultaneous removal of energy from them, minimal radial stresses arise, which are less than in the regime of alternating supply of the main and additional windings and the extraction of energy from them. In both cases, it is possible to apply pulse impulse or pulse output of energy, which allows to work with greater power than a continuous mode of feeding or a continuous mode of power output.

Alternating method of power output from the main and additional windings is supposed to be used in the case when a short-term amplification of the magnetic field of the coil and some use of this field are required. For example, the periodically changing magnetic field of a coil can be used to create a reactive thrust in the Bogdanov electric propulsion system [2]. In this device, the magnetic coil creates an external magnetic field around the aircraft flying in the atmosphere. The ionized gas of the atmosphere enters this field, the gas is affected by an electric field perpendicular to the magnetic field, and the gas comes into rotation, creating a thrust and decreasing the resistance of the oncoming gas flow of the atmosphere.

After the superconducting main and additional windings are energized, an undamped oppositely directed electric current is circulated through them.

The stored energy in the coil is equal to the sum of the energies of the magnetic fields that create each of the windings separately, with the imaginary absence of the other winding. Here there is no contradiction with the fact that the total field from both coils is equal to zero, since in each of the windings, when the coil is fully charged, the current flows, the energy for its washing has left, passed into the winding field and actually exists. If the section of the winding is heated and electrodes are applied to it, then after the winding section has passed to the normal state, it is obvious that the current flowing through the winding creates a potential difference in this section that can be used, and thus withdraw energy from the winding. In this case it is absolutely unimportant whether there is a field at the coil or not, a potential difference will arise in any case, because there is a current in the winding.

The cryogenic system 10 cools the coil to the temperature of liquid helium and maintains this temperature during the entire life of the coil. Cryostat 11 reduces heat flow from the external environment to the coil and cools the coil. The cryogenic system cools the coil with liquid helium both through the cryostat and through cooling channels.

The mechanical stress sensors 12, 13 measure the radial mechanical stresses that occur inside the magnetic coil during its current feeding and during the withdrawal of energy stored in the coil. The information from the mechanical stress sensors is fed to the computer 14, which processes it and so controls the coil feeding system and the input device of the energy stored in the coil, so that at any time the radial stresses are minimal. Control is carried out by matching the change in the amperage in the main and secondary windings.

In case the bandage contains ferromagnetic material when an essential magnetic field occurs in the coil, the band presses the windings of the winding towards the center of the coil and counteracts the radial stresses that arise in the coil in the presence of an appreciable magnetic field.

The system for feeding the coil and the output device stored in the coil energy can be made aligned with each other. In this case, the system for feeding the coil first heats the winding section, brings it to a normal state, energizes the coil, cools it, and then heats it again and expels the accumulated energy through it. The coil feeding system and the output device stored in the coil contain a winding portion with a heater. This area heats up, exits the superconducting state, goes to the normal state, and either a potential difference is fed into this section (energize the coil) or a voltage is removed from it (energy is extracted).

The main and additional windings can be fed, for example, in the following way. The sections of the main and additional windings are heated, transferred to a normal state, to which the current leads are connected, between which the opposite potentials are created.

The coil feeding system and the output device stored in the coil can be configured to measure the current in the main and secondary windings. In this case, the coil feeding system and the output device stored in the coil measure the current in the main and secondary windings and transmit the measurement results to a computer that analyzes the data and adjusts, taking into account the measurements, the processes of feeding the coil and outputting the energy stored in the coil by these elements by coordinating the change The strength of the current in the main and secondary windings so that at any instant of time the radial stresses in the coil would be as small as possible.

The current intensity can be measured either by directly measuring the current in the winding, or by measuring the magnetic field produced by each winding separately and by further analyzing the dependence of the magnetic field of the winding on the current flowing through it.

CONCLUSION

The proposed magnetic coil allows to reduce the field of the coil when feeding both windings, and, consequently, to reduce the radial stresses in them. In this case, the amount of stored energy of each of the windings is preserved and is added to the energy of the other winding. Reducing radial stresses can significantly increase the amount of energy stored in the coil, used as an inductive energy store.

The magnetic coil will make it possible to fly in the atmosphere of the Earth and other planets using the Bogdanov electric rocket engine and take spacecraft with it to near-earth orbits and into outer space, and the ratio of the energy stored in the coil to the weight of the entire aircraft can be achieved less than the ratio of the stored Energy in chemical fuel per unit of fuel weight, which will make the flights of reusable spacecraft (shuttles) with the proposed magnetic coil and the Bogdanov electric propulsion engine more profitable than the flights of shuttles on chemical rocket fuel.

And a magnetic coil as an energy storage device can be used in any vehicles moving due to electrical energy. These are, for example, electric vehicles, but also surface ships, submarines, airplanes, helicopters, etc., characterized by the fact that the electric motor rotates the screw in them and, thereby, creates traction. When electric power becomes much cheaper than chemical energy of fuel, such modes of transport will gradually replace traditional transport on chemical fuel. In addition, transport using electricity is environmentally cleaner than chemical fuel transport.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Haseptsal U.V., Benig H.D. Using a superconducting magnet as an energy storage.

Translation NA - 25624 September 21, 1977

2. Bogdanov IG The electromagnet engine of Bogdanov. Patent 2046210. Priority of the invention 5 October 1992

3. Wilson M. Superconducting magnets. - M., 1985, p. 371.

4. The patent of France N 2629956, H 02 H 9/02, 1989.

CLAIM

1. A magnetic coil comprising a main and additional windings made of a composite superconductor insulated from one another and covered with an insulator, a fixing structure with cooling channels, a band, a coil feed system, an output device stored in a coil and installed inside a cryostat with a cryogenic system, Connected to the cooling channels and the cryostat, characterized in that the windings of the additional winding are made along the turns of the main winding with the possibility of feeding the current from the opposite direction relative to the current of the main winding from the coil feeding system.

2. A coil according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil feed system is configured to simultaneously supply the main and additional windings with currents of opposite directions.

3. The reel according to claim 1, characterized in that the output device of the energy stored in the coil is configured to simultaneously output energy from the main and additional coils.

4. The reel according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil feeding system is configured to alternately supply the main winding and the additional winding, whereby a part of the energy is first fed into one winding, then to another winding, and so on.

5. The reel according to claim 1, characterized in that the power output device is configured to output energy alternately: first from the main winding, then from the secondary, then from the secondary, then again from the main, and so on.

6. The reel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with mechanical stress sensors inside the coil and a computer configured to read and process information with a mechanical stress sensor, control the operation of the coil feeding system and the output device stored in the coil.

7. The reel of claim 1, wherein the coil feeding system and the output device of the coil stored in the coil are provided with current meters or with magnetic field meters created by the current in the main and auxiliary windings.

print version
Date of publication 18.03.2007гг