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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2063085
CONDENSER WITH DOUBLE ELECTRICAL LAYER
The name of the inventor: Belyakov AI; Bryntsev A.M.
The name of the patent holder: Joint Stock Company "Elite"
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1993.01.11
Usage: electrotechnical industry, production of a capacitor by a double electric layer. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a double-layered capacitor comprises a polarizable carbon electrode, such as an oxide-nickel electrode, a non-polarizable electrode and an electrolyte, which is a high-conductivity liquid with ions reversible with respect to the unpolarized electrode.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the electrical industry, in particular to the production of capacitors with a double electric layer and can be used in their manufacture.
A capacitor with a double electric layer containing polarizable carbon electrodes, a separator and a liquid electrolyte is known (Japanese Patent No. 62449-62, cl. H01G 9/00, published 1987).
To the reasons preventing the achievement of the required technical result with the use of a known capacitor, is that such a capacitor has a low specific energy of 0.6.0.11 J / g (0.95.0,17 J / cm 3 ).
Despite the ability to discharge with high current densities (the ratio of the maximum current to the stored capacity is 0.78-5 A / F) and the low cost of the initial materials of the system, low specific characteristics make it impossible to create capacitors with a large (10.600 KJ) As the main power source of electric machines (electric transport, starting starters, etc.).
The closest capacitor of the same designation to the claimed object is a capacitor with a double electric layer, containing a polarizable carbon and unpolarized electrodes and electrolyte (Reference book., Electrical Industry, series "Chemical and physical sources of current", M. 1984, issue 1 ( 94), pp.12-13), taken for the prototype.
The reasons preventing the achievement of the required technical result when using a known capacitor adopted as a prototype is that, in the presence of a high specific energy (2.5.3 J / g, 2.3 J / cm 3 ), such a capacitor has a high resistivity (4 Ω cm ), Caused by the use of a solid electrolyte in such an electrochemical system.
In addition, the use of expensive materials (silver, rubidium) in the condenser along with high internal resistance does not allow the use of these capacitors in large power systems and mobile objects.
The object of the invention is to create a new capacitor with a double electric layer which, when compared with other known capacitors of the same type, would have a higher discharge current, a specific energy, and was cheaper to manufacture.
The technical result obtained in the practice of the invention is an increase in the discharge currents and a reduction in the cost of the capacitor while maintaining a high level of specific energy.
Said technical result in the practice of the invention is achieved in that, in a known capacitor with a double electric layer containing polarizable carbon and unpolarized electrodes and a separator impregnated with an electrolyte, an oxide-nickel electrode is taken as a non-polarizable electrode, as a electrolyte a highly conducting electrolyte with ions reversible in With respect to the oxide-nickel electrode.
The claimed capacitor, containing as a non-polarizable electrode, an oxide-nickel electrode (polarizable-carbon), in combination with a liquid high-conductivity electrolyte (aqueous alkali solution) has a high specific discharge current due to liquid electrolyte and low cost by using a cheaper oxide-nickel electrode .
Applicant's prior art analysis, including the search for patent and scientific and technical information sources and the identification of sources containing information on analogues of the invention, made it possible to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the invention, and a definition from the list of identified analogs Prototype, as the closest in the totality of the characteristics of the analogue, made it possible to identify a set of essential characteristics in relation to the technical result of the applicant that is seen in the claimed object, as stated in the claims.
The figure shows the electrochemical system of the proposed capacitor with a double electric layer.
The information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention is as follows.
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The proposed double-layered capacitor comprises a polarizable electrode 1, a non-polarizable electrode 2 and an electrolyte 3 disposed in the pores of the separator. The polarizable electrode is made of a carbon material with a specific surface of 900-3000 m 2 / g. As an unpolarized electrode, an oxide-nickel electrode is taken. Liquid electrolyte is an aqueous solution of potassium alkali with a concentration of 1-32. The electrolyte impregnates both electrodes and is placed between them in a separator. When the polarizable electrode is cathodically polarized, a double electric layer consisting of hydrated cations K and H, electrically adsorbed on a negatively charged carbon surface, is formed in the potential range 0.0 ... ® - 0.6 V. When the potential of the polarizable electrode is shifted to the positive region, its discharge and transfer of the K cations back to the electrolyte take place. Process type: |
A positive oxide-nickel electrode is precharged to a potential of +0.35.0.55 V and has an electric capacitance exceeding the capacity of the negative electrode by 10 or more times.
When the capacitance and, hence, the potential of the polarizable electrode change, the potential of the positive electrode, being on the gently sloping portion of the charge-discharge curve, does not change. Thus, the oxide-nickel electrode is perfectly unpolarizable with respect to the polarizable in the range of its potentials.
The charge-discharge process of the oxide-nickel (OHE) electrode consists of a partial deprotonation-protonization with an absolute excess of protons in the aqueous solution of the electrolyte.
The concentration of the solution should provide
The necessary number of charge carriers to ensure conductivity of the 2nd row
The necessary number of charge carriers for the formation of DES on the polarizable electrode;
The necessary number of protons for the operation of the ONE.
In practice, this range of concentrations is 15-32. The resistivity is less than 1.5 Ohm cm.
Open circuit voltage of a charged capacitor 
The NDC of a discharged capacitor with a fully discharged polarizable electrode is equal to the potential of a non-polarizable electrode and is 0.35.0.5 V, but in some cases the discharge of the system is allowed up to 0.0 V. Consequently, the operational interval of this capacitor with a DES of 0,0.1,15 V.
The presence of the proposed system (+) NiOOH / alkali solution / C (-) provides a specific energy of 3 J / g (4-5 J / cm 3 ), specific discharge current 2.29.10 A / p.
Thus, the claimed capacitor with DES is superior to the discharge current of the known magnitude by 2-10 times and the specific energy is 1.2-1.5 times.
The cost of the claimed capacitor with DES is lower than the cost of the capacitor by prototype in more than 25 times. The materials used in the new system are widely available and inefficient.
Example
1. As an unpolarized electrode, an oxide-nickel electrode charged to a potential of + 0.55 V is taken, the capacitance of the electrode in the potential range of 0.55 ® 0.35 V - 1 Ah. The electrode area is 187 cm 2 , the thickness is 0.8 mm.
The polarizable electrode is a carbon fiber woven sorbent with a thickness of 0.35 mm and a specific surface of 1200 m 2 / g, located on both sides of the oxide-nickel electrode. As such, the collector uses nickel rolled steel with a thickness of 0.05 mm. Separator non-woven polypropylene with a thickness of 0.2 mm.
Electrolyte aqueous solution of caustic potassium with a density of 1.26 g / cm 3 .
On the basis of this cell, a battery of capacitors with a DES is made, consisting of 34 cells connected in series to a voltage of 28 V.
Battery capacity 23.5 Φ with a discharge of 2A current from 28 V to 15 V.
Impedance 115.6 H 10 -3 Ohm
The maximum discharge current is 242.2 A
The specific electrical characteristics are 4.17 J / cm 3 , 3.04 J / g, 10.3 A / F.
2. The capacitor consisting of 102 cells differs from the cell described above in that instead of one layer of the carbon sorbent there are 3 layers on both sides of the oxide-nickel electrode.
The capacitance of the capacitor is 178.9 Φ when discharged by a current of 5 A from a voltage of 28.0 V to 15.0 V.
Impedance 68 × 10 -3 Ω
The maximum discharge current is 411.7 A
Specific characteristics of 5.68 J / cm 3 , 3.11 J / g, 2.3 A / ft.
The proposed capacitor with DELS provides an increase in discharge currents during operation and is cheaper in comparison with the known ones while maintaining a high level of specific energy.
CLAIM
A double electric layer capacitor comprising a polarizable carbon and unpolarized electrodes and a separator impregnated with an electrolyte, characterized therein that an oxide-nickel electrode is taken as a non-polarizable electrode and a high-conductivity electrolyte with ions reversible in relation to the oxide-nickel electrode as the electrolyte.
print version
Date of publication 05.04.2007gg
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