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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2162259
NEW SOURCE OF ENERGY SOURCE
The name of the inventor: Komarevsky Vasily Mikhailovich
The name of the patent holder: Komarevsky Vasily Mikhailovich
Address for correspondence: 111396, Moscow, ul. Alexei Dikogo, d.16-a, ap.133, Komarevsky VM
Date of commencement of the patent: 2000.04.05
The invention relates to autonomous or individual low-power, long-acting sources. According to the invention, the power source includes a sealed housing filled with a working substance-gaseous deuterium, a converted energy system consisting of a piezoelectric cell, two electronic switches and a current conversion unit, and a power generating means comprising two electrolysers, two 1/4-wave vibrators and two 1/2-wave vibrators, 1/4-wave vibrators, solid electrolyte cells and 1/2-wave vibrators are consistently installed from two opposite sides of the piezoelectric cell. The anodes of solid electrolyte cells are made in the form of a coating on solid electrolyte cells and are located on the side of 1/2-wave vibrators, and the cathodes are made in the form of a coating on 1/4-wave vibrators. The piezoelement consists of two piezoelectric crystals equipped with cathodes and anodes, the latter being located between the crystals and forming a central electrode. The input of the current conversion unit is connected to the central electrode and cathodes of the piezoelectric cell, and the first and second outputs are connected to the inputs of electronic keys whose outputs are connected through vibrators to cathodes and anodes of solid electrolyte cells.
The technical result of the invention is the environmental safety of the source.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a new kind of energy sources and can be used as a stand-alone or individual low-power, long-acting source. The source is energy-intensive with a stock of nuclear fuel - deuterium for the entire lifetime of the devices in which it is installed.
A device is known for converting nuclear energy into electrical energy , which is a source of energy , containing the body and electrodes, while the cathode is separated from the anode by an insulating layer, the thickness of each is sufficient to exclude the possibility of an electric discharge between the electrodes [ USSR copyright certificate N 1653455, cl. G 21 D 7/00, dated 1993 ]. In order for the cathode to have an increased ion collection surface, the channel between the cathode and the anode is covered by evenly spaced ribs. The latter overlap as much as possible of most of the thickness of the channel. The entire structure is placed in a constant electric field, the vector of which is directed from the anode to the cathode. As a working substance, helium is used in an amount of 60-80% by weight , and as active substance - uranium hexafluoride in an amount of 20-40% by weight .
A mixture of active and working substances is fed into the slit channel between the anode and the cathode, in which a low-temperature weakly ionized plasma is formed. The connection of the anode with the cathode through the electric circuit results in the appearance of an electric current in the load.
The disadvantages of the known energy source are the complexity of monitoring the fission chain reaction occurring in it and the low efficiency of conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy.
The closest technical solution to the proposed one is the source of energy, including a sealed enclosure filled with a working substance-gaseous deuterium, a means of generating energy installed therein, containing two solid electrolyte cells with cathodes and anodes from a material that allows to concentrate deuterium, and a system for converting the received energy into electrical , Consisting of two piezoelements, two electronic switches and a current conversion unit [ RF application No. 96121241/25, cl. G 21 V 1/00, priority from 11/04/96, publ. January 20, 1999 - the prototype ].
In the cell, deuterium oxide ("heavy" water) is decomposed into deuterium and oxygen. In the palladium layer of the cathode, the released deuterium dissolves and a synthesis reaction occurs from two deuterium nuclei of one helium-4 nucleus with energy release. As a result of heating the cathode to 1150 ° C from its outer surface, electrons emit, which collect on the colder anode. An electric current circuit is formed, part of which produces electrolysis of deuterium.
The advantage of the known energy source is the high efficiency of nuclear fusion at the cathode of the cell (1.5 kW / dm 2 of the electrode surface) and the absence of neutron radiation and radioactive waste.
The disadvantages of the known technical solution are the low efficiency of conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy in the thermionic part and the very high temperature of the working surfaces of the source (up to 1200 o C), which prevents its wide use.
The object of the invention is to create an environmentally safe, self-contained, low-power, long-acting energy source that uses the energy of the "cold" nuclear fusion of helium by fusing deuterium atoms.
The task is achieved by the fact that in an energy source including a sealed housing filled with a working substance - gaseous deuterium, an energy receiving means installed therein, comprising an electrolyzer with a cathode and an anode of a material allowing to concentrate deuterium, and a system for converting the received energy into an electrical energy With the cathode and anode of the cell, the energy conversion system consists of a piezoelectric cell, two electronic switches and a current conversion unit, the power generating means further comprises a second electrolysis cell, two 1/4-wave vibrators and two 1/2-wave vibrators, -wave vibrators, electrolysers and 1/2-wave vibrators are successively installed on two opposite sides of the piezoelectric cell, the cells are made in the form of solid electrolyte cells, the anodes of which are made in the form of a coating on solid electrolyte cells and located on the side of 1/2-wave vibrators, and the cathodes are made In the form of a coating on 1/4-wave vibrators, the piezoelectric element consists of two piezoelectric crystals equipped with cathodes and anodes, the latter being located between the crystals and forming a central electrode, the input of the current conversion unit being connected to the central electrode and piezoelectric cathodes, and the first and second outputs Connected to the inputs of electronic keys, whose outputs are connected through vibrators with cathodes and anodes of solid electrolyte cells.
Preferably, the piezoelectric element, wave vibrators and electrolyzers of the energy receiving means are rigidly tightened by fastening elements.
It is advisable to supply the source housing with a cooling jacket.
Preferably, platinum or palladium is used as the coating material of the anodes of solid electrolyte cells, and palladium is used as the cathode coating material.
It is advisable to make 1/4-wave vibrators and 1/2-wave vibrators from a conductive material having acoustic characteristics close to the material of the piezoelectric element.
Preferably, 1/4-wave vibrators and 1/2-wave vibrators are made of steel.
It is expedient to use ferroelectric crystals as piezoelectric piezoelectric crystals.
The reaction of cold nuclear fusion in condensed media proceeds according to the mechanism
2D + 2 D + E a + M ---> [DMD] * ---> ( 4 He + 22.9 MeV) + (M + 0.9 MeV) ,
Where E a is some activation energy (kinetic), which is necessary for approaching the deuterium nuclei and the reaction proceeding along the tunnel mechanism;
M is the metal atom of the crystal lattice (in particular, the reaction is written for palladium), which assumes the recoil momentum.
The kinetic energy of each formed helium nucleus is 3.7 × 10 -12 J. The probability of interaction of deuterium nuclei is determined by the activation energy E a , and should be of the order of 10 -7 C- 1 for the task in hand. The reaction of cold nuclear fusion is carried out pulsed on the cathode of a solid-electrolyte thin-layer electrolyzer of the transport type, the conversion of the kinetic energy of fast helium-4 particles to electric energy is carried out by means of fast particles synchronously in the phase of compression of the piezoelectric cell at the frequency of its own electromechanical oscillations.
In Fig. 1 shows the source of energy.
In Fig. 2 is a graph of a standing wave formed in an acoustic system at resonance.
In Fig. 3 - diagrams of the distribution in the momentum space of fast particles used for conversion to electrical energy.
The energy source comprises an energy receiving means installed in the sealed housing 1 and a system for converting the received energy into electrical energy.
The hermetically sealed housing 1 is provided with an inlet 2 and an outlet 3 for vacuum evacuation, rinsing with an inert gas (argon) and filling the volume with gaseous deuterium to a pressure of 1.0 MPa .
The means for obtaining energy includes two electrolysers, two 1/4-wave vibrators 4 and two 1/2-wave vibrators 5.
The energy conversion system consists of a piezoelectric cell 6, two electronic switches 7 and a current conversion unit 8.
1/4-wave vibrators 4, electrolyzers and 1/2-wave vibrators 5 are successively installed on two opposite sides of the piezoelectric element 6.
Electrolyzers are made in the form of solid electrolyte cells 9, the anodes 10 of which are made in the form of a coating on solid electrolyte cells 9 and located on the side of 1/2-wave vibrators 5, and cathodes 11 are made in the form of coating on 1/4-wave vibrators 4. As a material Anode coatings 10 of solid electrolyte cells 9 use platinum or palladium, and palladium is used as coating material for cathodes 11.
Such a structure of assembly of solid electrolyte cells 9, which usually requires pressing, makes it possible to manufacture the latter separately from the crystals of the piezoelectric element 6, connecting them only in the assembly.
The piezoelectric element 6 consists of two piezoelectric crystals equipped with cathodes 12 and anodes. The anodes are arranged between the crystals and form a central electrode 13. The piezoelectric element 6 is a ferroelectric crystal.
The 1/4-wave vibrators 4 make it possible to create the necessary phase shift between the excitation pulses from the solid electrolyte cells 9 and the oscillations of the crystals of the piezoelectric element 6 acoustically. This protects the piezoelement 6 crystals from fast 
-particles.
The input of the current conversion unit 8 is connected to the central electrode 13 and the cathodes 12 of the piezoelectric cell 6 and the first and second outputs are connected to the inputs of the electronic switches 7 whose outputs are connected through the vibrators 4 and 5 to the cathodes 11 and the anodes 10 of the solid electrolyte cells 9. In this case 1 / 4-wave vibrators 4 and 1/2-wave vibrators 5 are made of a current-carrying material having acoustic characteristics close to the material of the piezoelectric element 6, for example, of steel.
The piezoelectric element 6, the wave vibrators 4 and 5, and the electrolysers of the power receiving means are rigidly tightened by fastening elements, for example bolts 14. The bolt gripping 14 of the means for obtaining the energy is necessary, since at resonance it is acoustically nonradiative (from the ends), while at the same time free Mechanical oscillations of piezoelement crystals 6.
The housing 1 of the source is provided with a cooling jacket 15.
SOURCE OF ENERGY WORKS AS FOLLOWING
Excited in the crystals of the piezoelectric element 6 by a mechanical or electric pulse at the natural frequency f 0, the elastic oscillations as a result of the direct piezoelectric effect generate an alternating electric voltage at the cathodes 11, which is transferred to the current conversion unit 8.
In block 8, the high-frequency current is transformed into a constant or alternating low-frequency current of the required voltage. At the beginning of the phase of each compression of the piezoelectric crystal crystals 6, the electronic switches 7 form current pulses through the solid electrolyte cells 9 in the direction of the current from the anode 10 to the cathode 11.
The electrolysis current passing through the cells 9 causes deuterium transport from the anode 10 to the cathode 11 in the following sequence:
- Dissolution of gaseous deuterium contained in the body 1, in the anode metal - deuterium storage - until saturation;
- Ionization (oxidation) of deuterium atoms on the surface of the anode 10 under the influence of current and the transition of ions into a solid electrolyte;
- Migration of deuterium ions under the action of an electric field (a and diffusion) to the cathode 11;
- Deionization (reduction) of deuterium at the surface of the cathode 11 under the action of a current and dissolution in a cathode material - deuterium storage, where the maximum deuterium concentration is formed at the interface of the phases "cathode 11-solid electrolyte" in the form of an adsorption layer.
At each compression stage (in each cycle), a nuclear synthesis occurs in the cathode 11 film located on the side of the crystals of the piezoelectric element 6. The synthesis products ( 4 He) in the form of fast helium-4 particles are partially discarded to the crystals of the piezoelement 6. The momentum of the fast particles is transferred to the crystals of the piezoelectric element 6 in the form of a compression wave (Figure 2), which supports electromechanical oscillations of the latter. The inverse compression wave, passing through 1/4-wave vibrators 4, returns to the crystals of the piezoelectric element 6 in a phase with fundamental oscillations. As a result, one cycle of operation of the source is completed, and self-oscillations arise, since in the phase of stretching the crystals of the piezoelectric cell 6 the synthesis reaction stops.
In Fig. 3 shows the total spatial distribution of the pulses 16 and the component pulses of the fast particles 17 from the point O to the crystals of the piezoelectric element 6 and 18 to the side of the 1/4-wave vibrators 4. The sum of the pulses along the interface passing through the point O forms the front of the direct wave 19 And inverse 20. Integration of the impulse components by volume gives a coefficient of using their energy in the electromechanical system equal to 25%, and 75% of the energy must be removed from the system in the form of heat.
Thus, the proposed energy source is energy-intensive, with a fuel reserve - deuterium - for the entire life of its operation. So, for example, to obtain 1 kW of total power from a source, 2.7 · 10 14 events per second are required, which corresponds to a consumption of 1 g of deuterium for 15 years .
CLAIM
- A source of energy, including a sealed enclosure filled with a working substance-gaseous deuterium, an energy-receiving means installed therein, containing two solid-electrolyte cells with cathodes and anodes from the deuterium-permitting material, and a system for converting the received energy into electrical energy consisting of two piezoelements, two electronic Keys and a current conversion unit, characterized in that the energy conversion system further comprises two 1/4-wave vibrators and two 1/2-wave vibrators, with 1/4-wave vibrators, solid electrolyte cells and 1/2-wave vibrators in series Are installed on two opposite sides of the piezoelectric cell, the anodes of solid electrolyte cells are made in the form of a coating on the side of 1/2-wave vibrators, and the cathodes are made in the form of a coating on 1/4-wave vibrators, the piezoelectric element consists of two piezoelectric crystals equipped with cathodes and anodes, Between the crystals and form a central electrode, wherein the input of the current conversion unit is connected to the central electrode and cathodes of the piezoelectric cell, and the first and second outputs are connected to the inputs of electronic switches whose outputs are connected through vibrators to cathodes and anodes of solid electrolyte cells.
- The energy source according to claim 1, characterized in that the piezoelectric element, wave vibrators and solid electrolyte cells are rigidly tightened by fastening elements.
- The energy source according to claim 1, characterized in that the source housing is provided with a cooling jacket.
- The energy source according to claim 1, characterized in that platinum or palladium is used as the coating material of the anodes of solid electrolyte cells, and palladium is used as the cathode coating material.
- The energy source according to claim 1, characterized in that the 1/4-wave vibrators and 1/2-wave vibrators are made of a conductive material having acoustic characteristics close to the material of the piezoelectric element.
- The energy source according to claim 5, characterized in that the 1/4-wave vibrators and 1/2-wave vibrators are made of steel.
- The energy source according to claim 1, characterized in that the piezoelectric element is a ferroelectric crystal.
print version
Date of publication 31.10.2006гг
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