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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2184873

POWER PLANT ON SOLAR ENERGY

POWER PLANT ON SOLAR ENERGY

Name of the inventor: Isachkin Anatoly
The name of the patentee: Isachkin Anatoly
Address for correspondence: 188650, Leningrad region, Sertolovo 1 Str.. School, 1, kv.29, A.F.Isachkinu
Starting date of the patent: 2000.12.13

The invention relates to heat engineering, namely to the devices that convert thermal energy into electrical energy. The solar power plant energy working medium is evaporated by solar energy and condensed coolant, which may be any substance ambient environment having a low temperature constant. In the absence of any such material using a liquid coolant which is cooled in exchanger itself substance surrounding medium periods lowest temperature. For the installation, not only when the sun shines, but also at any other time, there are storage tanks, well-insulated, hot coolant and cooled, and the use of additional coolant - coolant, selected heat from the exhaust steam and coolant, who gave it substance ambient heat. The result is a significant temperature differential of evaporation and condensation of the working medium, and a fairly high efficiency of the plant, more than 10%.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to heat engineering, namely to the devices that convert thermal energy into electrical energy.

Known propulsion systems with the steam turbine convert thermal energy into electrical energy, known "unit for converting thermal energy into electrical energy," consisting of the boiler on the organic liquid or gaseous fuel, a condenser, an expander, energy conversion unit actuated expander, heat exchangers connected one to the boiler and another with a condenser, pipelines connecting these elements. Working medium is preferably a cooling fluid, prone classical Rankine cycle, take energy from an external heat source and converts it into electrical energy in the block, which may be a turbine generator (see. French Patent 2,590,934 of 05/06/87, the, F 01 K 25 / 08, F 01 M 11).

All modern power plants are mainly used to convert the energy of a fuel, using the helpful, only a small part of the energy in the fuel, and the remaining (main) part of the energy as heat useless released into the environment, which is at the same time more polluted and harmful garbage , exhaust gases, resulting from the combustion of fuel.

The most environmentally friendly energy source is solar energy, and many are trying to use this energy via fotoelektropreobrazovateley or, in particular solar energy stored water, as shown below.

For example, known thermal power plant OTES, built in 1981 on the island of Nauru, which is the fall of 1981 began to give the electric current capacity of 100 kW, without spending any of the fuel, and using only warm water surrounding the island (see . Vershinsky NV "ocean Energy", M .: Science, 1986, pp. 144-148).

The installation consists of freon turbine generator, evaporator, condenser, pump, and warm water supply pump cold water. Freon evaporates by the heat of the heater surface layer of the ocean water, evaporated every hour 75 m (20.8 kg / s) of freon. For the evaporation of such quantities of refrigerant through the heater (evaporator) is pumped every hour 1450 tons of warm water from the surface layer of the ocean. Water is supplied to the heater with a temperature of 29,8 o C, and exits the evaporator at a temperature of 27,3 o C giving thermal energy with 4209 kW. Warm water supply to the evaporator by means of a pump motor which consumes 27.8 kW.

Leaving the evaporator, freon gas performs work in the turbine shaft which is connected with the generator of 100 kW. Further freon vapors enter the condenser where condensed. To this end, the capacitor is continuously pumped through the cold deep water in an amount of 1410 t / h. The cold water enters the condenser at a temperature of 8,1 o C and leaves at a temperature of 10,6 o C, while selecting 4098 kW heat. For the pumping of cold water has a pump, which consumes 43.3 kW. In order to ensure the circulation of refrigerant in a closed installation system includes a third pump, which consumes 15.3 kW. From these 100 kWh of electricity per work unit itself uses 86.4 kW, and in the foreign benefit purposes just 13.6 kW, ie the efficiency of the unit itself is 100:.. 4209 = 0.024 or 2.4%, and the efficiency is useful 13.6:.. 4209 = 0,003, or only 0.3%, ie very low.

The efficiency of such an installation is extremely low because the temperature difference between evaporation and condensation of the working medium is very small, only 19 o C, while the sun's rays can heat objects to the black surface of up to 100 o C, and even more, and in almost any place on Earth can be found with the substance ambient temperature of about +10 o C, and even below this, for example, in the mountains water mountain rivers and streams, reservoirs in water depths with water from wells drilled in the earth to a depth of 20 meters or more in deserts the air at night, so ensure that the temperature difference between evaporation and condensation of the working medium, the conversion of solar energy in the range 70-90 o C is not be easy, and it will convert solar energy with an efficiency of over 10%.

The objective - increasing the efficiency of solar energy conversion.

For this purpose, the power plant, consisting of a turbine with a low-boiling working substance, the evaporator and the condenser, and the working fluid evaporates in the evaporator by means of solar energy entering the evaporator through the heat transfer medium, the evaporation of the working substance takes place in a heat exchanger, one of which cavity is the evaporator, and another cavity extends coolant heated by solar energy. Another heat exchanger is a condenser, in which one chamber exhaust steam passes, and another cooler which extracts heat from exhaust steam, transforming it into the liquid coolant may be any liquid or gaseous substance surrounding environment in the installation location, is constantly having a temperature of about +10 o C and below. If such a substance at a constant ambient temperature no lower, such as in the desert, it is possible, as the cooler fluid used to cool it during the night cold air in the additional heat exchanger. To install could work not only during the day, during the hours when the sun shines, but also at any other time, there are storage tanks are carefully insulated one - hot coolant, the other - for the cold coolant, and using the additional heat exchanger for cooling the cooling and there are two fluid containers, one - the coolant flowing out of the heat exchanger, where it sends a substance surrounding the heat medium and the other - the coolant flowing from the condenser, where it extracts heat from exhaust steam, thus transforming it in liquid. As a result of all this will be provided with a fairly high temperature differential of evaporation and condensation of the working medium, respectively, and a fairly high level of efficiency of solar energy conversion.

The drawing shows a diagram of the power plant, certain embodiments.

POWER PLANT ON SOLAR ENERGY

The power plant includes a turbine 1, a generator 2, condenser 3, a pump 4 for pumping a working fluid, an evaporator 5, the cavity 6, the container 7 for cooled coolant pump 8 for pumping coolant, the solar collector 9, wherein the heat transfer medium receives the energy of sunlight, container 10 for hot coolant pump 11 for supplying the hot coolant cavity 12 which passes the coolant, if necessary, storage tank 13 into which the coolant, selected heat pump 14, the feed cooler cavity 15, a heat exchanger, in which refrigerant gives up heat to the surrounding matter, storage tank 16 into which the coolant, gives off heat, pump 17, supply coolant to the condenser, connecting lines 18, 19 heat insulation.

Powered powerplant follows. Incident sunlight is heated in the solar collector 9 coolant, simultaneously in a steam turbine circuit 1 pump 4 chase working substance, creating the necessary pressure in the circuit, the working medium passing through the evaporator 5, evaporates due to solar energy transferred to the cavity 6 heat exchanger I coolant which is pumped 8 through the collector 9, where the coolant and selects the energy from sunlight, and then supplied to the accumulator 10 from the accumulator 10, pump 11, coolant is supplied into a cavity 6 heat exchanger I, whose cavity is also an evaporator 3, where it occurs evaporation of the working medium by means of solar energy, the working steam enters the turbine 1, wherein part of the energy of the working steam turbine 1 with a generator 2 is converted into electricity and exhaust steam enters the heat exchanger II in the condenser 3, where it gives off heat the coolant that passes into the cavity 12 of the heat exchanger II, giving up heat, the exhaust steam is converted to a liquid, which is run the pump 4 to the evaporator 5 (etc.), and the coolant, taking away heat from the exhaust steam is fed into the environment or in the absence of natural cooling in the holding tank 13, from which the pump 14 is supplied into the cavity 15 of the heat exchanger III, where it gives off heat the substance surrounding space during periods its lowest temperature, and enters the collecting tank 16 from which pump 17 is supplied into the cavity 12 and then again goes along the contour. The result will be provided with a fairly high temperature differential of evaporation and condensation of the working medium, respectively, and a fairly high efficiency solar energy conversion power plant.

CLAIM

Power plant for solar energy, comprising a generator, evaporator, condenser and turbine with low boiling working medium, in which the evaporation of the working substance takes place by means of solar energy entering the evaporator through a coolant and condensation of the working medium takes place by means of a liquid coolant, which extracts heat from the exhaust steam, transforming it into a liquid, characterized in that the coolant passes through the heat exchanger where it gives the selected at the exhaust steam heat the surrounding substance environment in times its lowest temperature and the installation comprises a thoroughly heat-insulated storage container for the hot coolant or cooled coolant tank cooler, selected heat from the exhaust steam and for cooling, this heat exchanger substance environmental protection in periods of very low temperature.

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Publication date 07.01.2007gg