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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2148278

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ENERGY AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

Name of the inventor: Kashchuk Anatoliy Sidorovich
The name of the patentee: Kashchuk Anatoliy Sidorovich
Address for correspondence: 394000, Voronezh, Ordzhonikidze, 14/16, kv.70 Mr. Kashchuk AS
Starting date of the patent: 1997.04.16

The invention relates to power engineering and can be used to create highly environmentally friendly power plants. In the method using an energy source of hydrogen, the maximum possible number of molecules which is in ortoforme. Hydrogen is prepared from such tablets are cooled to a temperature close to absolute zero, and the spin-polarized. They are then fed into the reaction chamber and the core and the shell having slabosfokusirovannymi smallest possible dimensions in the direction of polarized beams of protons and electrons that are polarized in the same way as hydrogen in the tablets and provide movement in the direction of their axes of rotation. The particles in the beams are oriented so that their rotation axes are parallel to the axes of rotation of the protons and electrons in the tablets and the speed. In the case of use of electrons can be polarized opposite to the polarization of the electrons in hydrogen tablets while ensuring movement direction perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the electrons in the tablets. In collisions of particles with particle beams of tablets is the destruction of the latter, accompanied by the release of energy. The method is implemented in a plant containing the necessary blocks to initiate, conduct and control the reaction. The invention provides a tablet of the hydrogen energy.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to energetike and can be used to create highly efficient power plants.

As it is known, it is now considered that the total energy of a body E _n ( "elementary" particles, atomic nuclei, atoms, molecules, crystals, macroobject, etc...) Consists of two parts: passive (latent) rest energy E ₀ , most of which under normal conditions does not appear, and the active kinetic energy E _k, which can be easily used in practical applications, i.e. what

E _n = E ₀ + E _to. (1)

According to the law of conservation of energy (in its modern view) the total energy of any material object remains unchanged in all processes, but the law does not prohibit the transformation of energy from one form to another. In principle, as an energy conversion process to the kinetic energy of rest and a reverse process of converting the kinetic energy in resting energy. In accordance with the relationship

_N E = Mc ² (2)

_n where E - total energy;

M - the rest mass of the object;

c - the speed of light in a "physical vacuum"

the first process must be accompanied by a decrease in mass ( "mass conversion to kinetic energy"), and the second - an increase in weight ( "converting the kinetic energy into mass").

In this regard, the most promising (in terms of the maximum recovery of energy from the material) appears complete transformation process of subatomic particles resting energy into another form of energy (such as rest energy and kinetic energy generated while the lighter microobjects). In accordance with (2) the mass of one gram of any substance is equivalent to rest energy component 9 10 ²⁰ erg, or 9 × 10 ¹³ J, which is nearly 1,000 times more energy released by the decay of one gram of uranium in a nuclear reactor. The discovery in the middle of this century microscopic objects that are different from previously discovered subatomic particles only signs of electric charges and magnetic moments, ie, positrons, antiprotons and antineutrons, but also the knowledge that the micro-objects with opposite sign electric charges vzaimoprityagivayutsya each other (according to Coulomb's law), have led experts to the statement of proposals for organizing the process of annihilation and to obtain for the energy bill. In physics, the term "annihilation" (literally meaning the disappearance, turning into nothing) adopted for the name of the process in which the particle and corresponding to it antiparticle are converted into electromagnetic radiation - photons or other particles - photons physical field other than for the corresponding precursor particles of nature. This is believed to now have to comply with the law of conservation of electric charge (along with the other fundamental laws of conservation), t. E. To disappear or to be born can only corresponding pairs of particles and antiparticles. For example, when the electron collision ^(e -) and its antiparticle - the positron ^(e +) both of them may disappear, forming two photons ( -quantum). At sufficiently high energy electron-positron pair can turn into a set of heavy particles - hadrons, which include protons and neutrons. In turn, the proton and antiproton collision often leads to their mutual destruction, which is accompanied by the appearance of several much lighter particles - pions and (rarely) K-mesons. Thus, we are not talking about the destruction or spontaneous occurrence of the matter, but only on the interconversion of particles.

So far, the process of annihilation of electrons and protons in their meeting with their antiparticles could be realized only in accelerators. Especially effective in this sense accelerators with colliding beams in which subatomic particles and their corresponding antiparticles moving under the influence of electric and magnetic fields in opposite directions in nearly circular orbits. The orbits of the crossing point and there is a small amount of the annihilation of particles and antiparticles. However, to use these processes as an energy source is not possible, as to create the conditions under which they can occur, it is necessary to spend a far greater energy than is released during annihilation. The tremendous energy needed for the artificial production of antiparticles in the laboratory, their accumulation and storage, but also for the acceleration of particles and antiparticles, and the formation of their trajectories. In particular, for storage uses special anti- fairly complex devices called storage rings. In such plants, the antiparticles "stored" at the rate of motion of the state, close to the speed of light inside the large circular chamber was evacuated, placed in a strong magnetic field. The radius of these giant rings tens and hundreds of meters, and the total number of anti-particles circulating in them, almost negligible. To store the same amount of material under standard conditions sufficient volume is much smaller than 1 cm ^3.

We should pay particular attention to the fact that in these accelerators annihilates only a very small number of particles and antiparticles of colliding beams. This is due to the relatively low density of micro-beams and in the short time of penetration moving at high speed particle beam through a counter-beam, and hence extremely low probability of mutual collision of particles and antiparticles. The energy expended in obtaining, accumulation, storage, acceleration, etc. "Unreacted" micro-objects, will be completely lost. The efficiency of the process (as energy) could be improved if it was possible to focus the beams to a density close to the densities of "packaging" of sub-atomic particles in solids. This is thousands of times greater than the density of the focused beams in one of the most modern accelerators "elementary" particles - Stanford Linear Collider, is running on a collision beams of electrons and positrons. Can we expect that in the future will be able to achieve the required density of microscopic objects in colliding beams? P.Valoshek writes about this as follows:

"It's easy to go in the area of ​​scientific fiction. Even when accelerating in the linac should take into account the finite dimensions of the beam. At the point of interaction using the focusing magnets (quadrupoles) with an opening in a few tenths of a millimeter. They should align with the same precision and maintain a stable position within millionths . of a millimeter We are approaching the limits of the possible: errors shall not exceed one-thousandth of a millimeter particles clots should not be for about a tenth of a millimeter With significantly increasing frequencies must be more strictly hold the beams in the accelerator axis "(P. Valoshek Journey into the heart of the matter... With HERA to the boundaries of knowledge. M., "The World", 1995, p. 238). The applicant was not aware of the other proposals on the energy recovery of subatomic particles due to the destruction of the latter.

The closest analogue of the proposed method of obtaining energy from matter in terms of preparatory operations to the organization of the process is a process for producing nuclear energy through fusion of heavier atomic nuclei of lighter nuclei and individual nucleons described in GB 795 596 A (IPC G 21, issued 28.05. 58).

It provides a system suitable for the production of nuclear energy, consisting of nucleons respective sources, i.e. protons or neutrons, and other (secondary) reacting species selected such that the synthesis reaction between them results in the formation of at least one particle with decreasing weight and corresponding release of energy. Under secondary and newly formed particles is meant not only nucleons, but also atomic nuclei or composite particles such as nuclei of deuterium, tritium, helium and other nuclei. In this system, the first means are provided for the magnetic polarization of the interacting particles and the second means for conducting these particle trajectories of convergence, ie towards each other in the reaction zone, the direction of polarization and trajectories so chosen in relation to each other that the particles tend to occupy the relative positions in the reaction zone in which the magnetic moments create maximum attractive force between the primary and secondary particles, providing their merger, ie education virtually stable final particles.

In such a system provides for various combinations of the polarization directions of interacting particles, including generally for their direction. In this case the trajectory of particle motion caused by means of reference may be either parallel to said general direction of polarization, and perpendicular to it.

In case of using as primary particles neutrons to increase the cross-sectional area formed of the beam, which is known from nuclear physics, increases the probability of their encounter and react with other particles, neutrons are slowed down in different ways, including by cooling to acceptable low temperatures.

Despite the fact that since the issuance of the above patent passed over forty years, proposed production system suitable for use of nuclear energy has not yet been implemented, ie not received the expected technical result. The main reason for this is, as mentioned earlier, it is a low probability of convergence in the colliding beams of polarized particles to distances comparable to the size of the latter. As is known, the area of ​​the nuclear forces, including those caused by the magnetic moments is negligible. The radius of action is approximately equal to (1-2) × 10 ^-13 cm.

Part of this lack persists in the device igniting hydrogen tablet to initiate a thermonuclear reaction circulating ion current (FRG Application N DE 3742327 A1, the IPC-4 G 21 B 1/02, published 22.06.89), which is an analogue of the claimed plant for the proposed method of producing energy.

In this device, the initiation of the fusion reaction is provided by ignition produce spherical pellets or other forms of frozen or liquid hydrogen, or heavy water, or any other material suitable for thermonuclear reactions. A distinctive feature of this application is that the ignition is performed reagent ions, which under the influence of the magnetic field advantageously circulate along a closed curve, penetrating into a tablet.

According to the applicant, the above device also does not allow to obtain the desired technical result, ie, will not provide ignition tablets containing material suitable for fusion reactions.

The author said application mistakenly believes that to create the conditions necessary for the thermonuclear reaction in the tablet as a whole is sufficient to ensure the collision of a relatively small number of high-speed ions on their beam, circulating under the influence mainly of the magnetic field, with deuterons, members of the molecules, such as liquid or frozen heavy water.

According to modern concepts (see., T. 2. M., "The World" for example, J. Orir, Phys., 1981, pp. 544-545), for effective, ie, energetically and economically favorable helium fusion tablets with thermonuclear fuel need not provide heat them in local areas, and the entire volume. To do this, you need to send to the tablet from different sides strongly focused beams of high-energy micro-objects, which, of course, penetrate deep into the structure of the tablet. Required same focus equally dense enough electrically charged particles is, as mentioned earlier, if not feasible, in principle, then at least elusive, including due to the mutual Coulomb repulsion of homogeneous micro-objects in the beam.

Due to the fact that in principle the correct concept of the possibility of obtaining a virtually unlimited amount of energy due to the synthesis of relatively heavy atomic nuclei of lighter and due to the destruction of subatomic particles so far not found a practical application, are not only technical problems, but also (mainly ) ignorance of the fundamental properties of matter, the structure and nature of the parameters of the microworld objects.

Natural science is not yet able to know what are the mass and energy, the nature of electromagnetic fields than are caused by forces of the four fundamental interactions are considered.

As long as he knows no structure of "elementary" particles and those underlying processes that determine the parameters of micro-objects: their electric charges, magnetic moments and spins. Without the understanding of concepts such as mass and energy, without the creation of micro-models corresponding to the realities of the material world, without clarifying the nature of their parameters is unlikely to find ways to efficiently extract energy from substances, in particular due to the destruction of subatomic particles.

- DRAWINGS -

Before proceeding to the description of the essence of the present invention, they should set out ideas about the microcosm, on which it is based. The presentation of these ideas accompanied by a series of drawings. FIG. 1, 2, 3 and 4 schematically shows changes in volume (a) and apparent total magnetism (h) those uncreatable and indestructible particles of matter, hereinafter called gravitons, which are at the basis of the universe, and FIG. 5 and 6 - changes the apparent total magnetism and its excess component ( h) at the gravitons in their one-sided strain. FIG. 7 shows the sight mikrosgustok gravitons from the side, Fig. 8 - a cross-section of the core bunch of gravitons and change the apparent total magnetism (h) and the excess of its component ( h) in that group gravitons that numbered with Arabic numerals, and FIG. 9 - view of one of the hemispheres of the core bunch of gravitons and change the apparent total magnetism (h) and the excess of its component ( h) at gravitons during their movement from the pole to the core of its "equator". FIG. 10 shows the variation of the latitudinal component (H ) Of the magnetic field generated by a core when a clot gravitons from the side, and a component of the dipole field _(H c), FIG. 11 - Change the intensity of the latitudinal component (h) and the polarity ( h) in the form of a core on top bunch of gravitons. FIG. 12 shows the area surrounding proton ether, "carrying" the electric charges of different sign, and Fig. 13 - raznozaryazhennye zone of the neutron. FIG. 14 shows the change in latitude and magnetic polarity of sunspots during successive cycles of solar activity. FIG. 15 graphically shows changes microclots gravitons parameters depending on external conditions and the speed of their forward motion. FIG. 16 illustrated the existing ideas about changes of microscopic sections of nuclides, depending on the neutron velocity, and FIG. 17 - that is the case in reality. FIG. 18 shows the particle and antiparticle. FIG. 19 is a plan view of a spiral copper nuclear atom. FIG. 20 illustrates a process of self-transformation into an ordinary particle antiparticle. FIG. 21 shows an electron gravitational interaction with the proton in the case where the distance between microobjects many times their own size, and FIG. 22 - the same for the case when the distance between the electron and proton commensurable with their dimensions. FIG. 23 shows the change in the size (a), the total apparent magnetism (h) and excess of its components ( h) gravitons in the course of their movement to the graviton clots. FIG. 24 illustrates electromagnetic coupling of the proton and electron in the case where the distance between them is many times greater than their own size, and FIG. 25 - the same for the case when the distance between subatomic particles commensurable with their dimensions. FIG. 26 shows a model of a hydrogen atom, and FIG. 27 - molecules of hydrogen ortomodifikatsii. FIG. 28 shows the overlap between areas of protons and raznozaryazhennyh "antiproton" the approach of microscopic objects.

The whole material world is made up of extremely small (by weight as a measure of the matter contained in them) structureless particles - gravitons. According to estimations, the graviton mass is not changed under any circumstances, is in the range of 10 ^-42 - 10 ^-45 in this publication can not be created and indestructible particles are elements of clusters of gravitons, including "elementary" particles, and to form the omnipresent ether ( "physical vacuum"), ie, fill, and without gaps, the entire space of the universe. In other words, the gravitons are represented as elements of a continuous substance, which is the reason and foundation of an immense variety of naturally occurring systems and their properties and providing interconnection of all things in the infinite universe.

Conventionally gravitons can be represented in the form of original magnetic dipoles, one half of which is filled with "north" magnetic monopoles, and the other - "south", as shown schematically in FIG. 1.

The originality of gravitons is that, depending on external conditions, but rather, on the density of "packaging" of gravitons in a given volume of space or the speed of movement of their relatively "covers" the ether they change in significant amounts to many orders within its scope (and ), and hence its apparent overall magnetism - h (Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4).. "Apparent" because, relatively speaking, the number of prisoners in the graviton magnetic monopoley remains constant and only changes the distance between them. Graviton is the material basis of electromagnetic fields.

It follows that, in clusters of gravitons, such as electrons or protons, the density of "packaging" pristine grains of matter is relatively high (though the higher, the more massive clot) and their own magnetic fields created by them have a relatively high strength, while the air the amount of gravitons by many orders of magnitude greater, and their apparent strength and the total magnetism, they create magnetic fields is many times less.

When the uneven deformation of the graviton it more or less takes uncompensated "part" of its apparent magnetism ( h), as shown schematically in FIG. 5 and 6. If, for example, the volume of the graviton "northern" part two times less than the "southern" and the apparent "northern" magnetism he will have as many times greater.

The interaction of gravitons, which is truly fundamental is their attraction and repulsion. A model of this interaction is the behavior of the two blocks, which are permanent magnets, with their different mutual arrangement. By this interaction gravitonomagnitnomu may ultimately be reduced all the interactions that are currently considered the fundamental, i.e. strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational. The basic form of the relative motion of gravitons is approaching and removing their "centers of mass", and own - compression and expansion.

The basic form of existence of matter in the real state are graviton clots that form a wide range of different scales in size and mass (as a measure contained in clusters of gravitons) objects of the material world, beginning with photons rays and "elementary" particles and ending cores of planets, stars and galactic nuclei. The fact is that at some point the "life" of the heavenly bodies, such as stars and planets, in their central regions are formed makrosgustki gravitons that the aging megaobektov constantly increasing in size, becoming megasgustok. As will be shown below, in the central regions of the Sun and the Earth are megasgustki gravitons are already present, representing the core of these celestial bodies. As for the nuclei of galaxies, some of these colossal weight of bunches gravitons continuously released into the surrounding space neutrons, some of which disintegrates after into protons and electrons. Is born in the central regions of galaxies, subatomic particles are the "building blocks" for the atoms of chemical elements, "contracting" later in stars or flying off into interstellar space.

All clumps of gravitons, in particular, and "elementary" particles have a core that, for clarity, can be represented in the form of drops of extremely dense graviton "fluid", and surrounding the core, "coat", consisting in turn both the smallest graviton droplets, and from individual gravitons, having intermediate elements between the core and adjacent to the "fur coat" layer sizes of (FIG. 7).

"Fur coat" can be likened to a microscopic object dense steam shell core. For the figurative representation of the shape of this "coat" and the nature of the motion in it microdroplets gravitons mentioned above, you can resort to the kind of megamodeli - Earth's radiation belts, the presence of which our planet due to the existence in its graviton center of the nucleus.

Any cluster of gravitons, which is a magnetic dipole, ie, having, as shown in FIG. 7, the north and south poles, constantly interacts with the surrounding ether and communicates with him gravitons. The absorption of gravitons of ether, and as microdroplets of "fur" going through the polar core zone and throw them - through its "equatorial" field (see Figure 7..). That this process is caused by the relentless rotation microclots gravitons, which received the name "spin". Incidentally, this same process is determined and the rotation of celestial bodies around their axes, did not find an explanation to this time.

Cores multiscale clots pristine grains of matter formed by four closely related to each other a kind of vortex - solitons graviton "fluid", two of which form a "northern" hemisphere core, while the other two - "south". The desire to explain herein their understanding of the microscopic world in a concise form restricts the author's detailed description of why he believes that the cores graviton clots consist of a four-vortex solitons. In short we can say that the only way he was able to build the smallest possible number of these vortices sustainable "design".

One of the distinguishing features of these solitons is that they are like a mirror image of ordinary vortices, ie, not have the form "craters" and "bells". Another feature of them is that, unlike conventional vortex having a cross section generally form a circle solitons sdeformirovany core to form a semicircle in the same plane as illustrated in FIG. 8, in which one of the latitudinal cross-sections of the core shown schematically.

Included in the specified vortex solitons gravitons groups repeatedly make within them slozhnotraektornoe (spiral) motion: in vertical planes they move from the poles to the "equator", and in semicircles horizontal planes - from the core center to the periphery, along half its perimeter and back the center (see. FIG. 8). Vol gravitons, and consequently, their apparent overall magnetism and its redundant component in the process of moving pristine "bricks" are constantly changing in core solitons. In the meridional plane as the motion of gravitons from the poles to the "equator" of the core increases their volume and the total magnetism and seemingly excess of its components are reduced, as shown schematically in FIG. 9 in which one of the cores depicted hemispheres, whereas in the latitudinal planes is the change, as shown in FIG. 8, more complex. In particular, those gravitons that form the surface layers of the cores, twice changing value of its total magnetism, and the excess of its component changes its polarity four times.

Referring to FIG. 8 and 9, the maximum core magnetism gravitonic clots holds them in the polar regions, the hemispheres in each such material has two sites close to each other like poles located, while the opposite pair of poles, and has the opposite polarity. Next to the cores graviton clot gravitons, carried away by them and into rotary motion, constantly decreasing in volume, are increasingly showing a particular component of its excess magnetism and form at the expense of the surrounding mikrosgustok gravitons air electromagnetic field, which can be divided into two components: dipole _(H c) and latitude (H ) As shown in FIG. 10. Since the structure of the latitude component of said field is caused by reacting with ethereal gravitons same counterparts that form the surface layers of the core, the nature of change in the intensity and polarity of the field component of latitude in its cross-section appears as shown in FIG. 11. It should be noted that the polarity of the dipole component of the field in question _(H c) is opposite to the polarity of the core. This is due to the fact that moving to, say, the North Pole gravitons core permanently reduced to a greater extent that a portion of which is filled with "southern" monopoles, while the north-south movement of gravitons in solitons core forming its "northern" hemisphere begins with a position in which that part of the maximum sdeformirovana microdipoles, which is filled with "northern" monopoles. The dipole graviton clots causes inherent in each of these magnetic moments and allows for the need to orient the micro-objects in the right direction by imposing on their location corresponding to external electromagnetic fields.

Combination gravitons original orientation in the surrounding of the clot or other ether, degree of deformation, including single-sided, is currently perceived as a microscopic electrical charge.

If it were possible to look at the core of a clot gravitons side, it can be seen that in each of its hemispheres has two crescent-shaped depressions (M ₁ places and M ₂ in FIG. 8), coming from the "equator" to poles core, as schematically indicated by lines L in Fig. 9 and 10.

Camber these depressions due to the fact that the torque (K ₁ -. K ₂ in Figure 8), which is formed by the ejection of the "equatorial" Kearney microdroplets gravitons, transferred to their polar regions due to the above-mentioned fundamental interaction.

The strength of this interaction is performing the role of the familiar solid-state drives friction force, is created when the gravitons of the core layer are shifted relative to their counterparts in the adjacent layers in the "half-step" (see. L line in Fig. 9). The maximum value of this force is achieved when microdipoles one core layer rotated by 180 ^o with respect to the adjacent layers microdipoles.

In this regard gravitons orientation in each of four core solitons can change during their movement from the poles to the "equator". For example, if the core is relatively easy solitons electron polarity of gravitons during their movement remains unchanged, ie, to transmit torque from the "equatorial" core layers of the subatomic particles to the poles it enough Zdzvizhkou microdipoles to "half step", the core solitons heavier proton, it is reversed in adjacent to the "equator" areas. The solitons same core even heavier neutron graviton polarity change occurs twice, so that the polar and "equatorial" area of ​​the microscopic object separated by intermediate regions with different orientation of its elements - dipoles. It follows that, using currently existing terminology, the electron has a negative electric charge, and as the proton has a positive zone (predominant peripheral) electric charge and a negative internal (FIG. 12). Neutron is surrounded by three of these areas, the peripheral and internal carry a positive electric charge, and the intermediate - negative (Fig. 13). Apparent neutron electric neutrality (at the sight of it "from afar") suggests that the positively and negatively "charged" with offsetting its zone.

Are there any objective evidence of conformity of the proposed model graviton clots realities of the material world?

"Browse" microclots gravitons structure, in particular electrons and nucleons, even with the most perfect observation or measurement tools are unlikely to ever succeed. But it is possible to have recourse to megasgustkov gravitons, have, as mentioned earlier, the same chetyrehsolitonnuyu structure, such as the Sun's core. On the surface of our star is constantly observed bipolar spots, is a manifestation of her countenance places of articulation of solitons in the solar core.

FIG. 14 schematically shows the change in latitude and magnetic polarity of sunspots during successive cycles of solar activity that occurred in the first half of this century. As seen from FIG. 14, and the polarity of the sunspots, and the nature of their movement is in full agreement with the lines L in the areas of articulation of solitons on the surface of the cores graviton clots.

It should be added that the strength and polarity of the magnetic fields generated by the sun and measured in the area of ​​the Earth's orbit, is as shown in FIG. 11. This field is measured in the plane of the solar equator, twice changing the intensity from minimum to maximum and four polarity.

The elements are ubiquitous substance gravitons, which in today's universe is in constant motion. Those that move to different scales clots pristine grains of matter (whether it is "elementary" particles, the nucleus of a planet or a star), changing the its size and shape, create the material basis of the space. Thus, one or another region of space the more compacted and twisted, they are located closer to the cores of different scales clots gravitons and more massive clusters themselves. It follows, in particular, that the creation of models of the microcosm ( "elementary" particles, atomic nuclei, atoms, molecules, elements of the crystal lattice), and in the description of occurring in microcosm processes and with it a place of phenomena to be considered a pronounced anisotropy of space .

The structure and properties of gravitons microclots not commit the translational motion of the air, which also has the unwavering strength of its electromagnetic field. In the real physical world, everything is more complicated: the move at different speeds themselves microclots gravitons, and all of them consisting of microsystems and body, and to a greater or lesser extent, changes the intensity of electromagnetic fields they traversed. Hitting on a detailed description of the processes that determine the change in the parameters and properties of gravitons microclots changing tension surrounding magnetic field (N), "density" of ether in the location microclots (P) and the translational speed of them in this ether (V), confine ourselves FIG brief commentary. 15, which shows the change in the original coordinate system. The peculiarity of this system is that (unlike usual Cartesian system), the values ​​of N, P and V as the distance from the origin is reduced, i.e. that (N _0, P _0, V _0)> (N _1, P _1, V _1), etc. FIG. 15 shows firstly that any mikrosgustok gravitons may be within a certain range, bounded values N ₀ his characteristic, P _0, V ₀₎ and (N _8, P _8, V _8), and secondly that those changes in external parameters within the micro-object changes its own parameters in a large range, and, thirdly, that the conditions exist (N _4, P _4, the V _4), where many of its parameters reach their maximum values. For example, if the graviton kakoy-libo clot, say electrotonus moving with velocity V ₄ in the ether, in which the "density" was the last P _4, for reasons kakim-to falls into the ether with a high "density", for example P _2, it will reset at the same time part of its mass ( m), reduce the level of the average deformation of its constituent gravitons ( x), its volume ( q), the value of its electric charge ( H ), Reduce the number of turns around its own axis ( n), etc.

It follows that there are no current notions of immutability in all conditions of mass, electric charge, and the mechanical moment (spin) of subatomic particles are wrong. Among the erroneous and should include the law of conservation of electric charge, allegedly allowing, as mentioned earlier, a "paired" the destruction or the birth of subatomic particles.

Acceleration, for example, an electron in the synchrotron is accompanied, as is known, characteristic radiation, which is a subsidiary of microdroplets of dumping "coats" a microscopic object. This synchrotron radiation indicates a decrease in mass of the electron with the growth of its speed and not increasing the latter, as it follows from the special theory of relativity. The need is to increase (with the growth of a subatomic particle velocity) the frequency of the accelerating electric field and build on the particular law of the magnetic field strength necessary for the formation of its trajectory, caused no increase in relativistic mass microclots gravitons, and a decrease in the magnitude of its electric charge, decrease microscopic object sizes, moreover, not only in the direction of motion, as suggested by the same theory as in all three directions, i.e. in volume. But this does not mean (as it should have been carried out in accordance with the law of conservation of electric charge) that as much should be reduced, and the charge that it is not known where located the proton, which has been linked once accelerates the electrons in an atom, say, hydrogen.

To change one of the parameters microclots gravitons, important for the understanding of the process of extracting energy from subatomic particles, it should be said in more detail. As seen from FIG. 15, with an increase in strength of the external magnetic field (N) or increasing the speed of a microscopic object (V), its volume (q) is constantly decreasing.

Are there any objective evidence for such a change? Reducing the amount of sub-atomic particles, in particular neutrons, while increasing their speed not only proved experimentally, but has long been taken into account in the calculation of nuclear reactors. However, the results of these experiments are nowadays interpreted incorrectly. Refers to the so-called microscopic cross-section, is an effective cross sectional area of ​​the core, once in that, the incident neutron causes a particular reaction or is scattered. It is believed that these sections depend on the speed of the neutrons to be submitted in the form of micro-point, and from the quantum mechanical properties of nuclei. In particular, as evidenced by experiments in radiative capture cross section thermal neutron region, i.e. neutrons moving at a relatively low speed for most nuclides reduced inversely proportional to the neutron velocity. In the field of fast neutron radiative capture cross section is reduced about 100 times in comparison with the micro-cross-thermal neutron capture.

Simplifying somewhat, for clarity of presentation exist microscopic sections, it is possible (with reference to FIG. 16, a coordinate system which is similar to that shown in FIG. 15) state the following. It is believed that the above-mentioned changes in the microscopic cross sections are caused by changes in cross sections of atomic nuclei. In other words, it is assumed that nuclide core feeling some only he driven manner as flying in its direction dot neutron has thermal velocity (V ₅₎ instantly expands several times and becomes the (Q ₅^I) as FIG. 16. If flying in his direction neutron moving at the speed V _1, ie, It is fast, the nuclide core is compressed and occupies a much smaller volume (Q _1,^I), as shown here.

Such explanations are a number of causes yet unanswered questions, such as these: what to do kernel nuclide, if at the same time to it from different sides are moving fast and thermal neutrons, or a "mechanism" causes changes in the volume of the nuclei in such a wide range?

Everything falls into place and finds a logical explanation, if we imagine that the volume of the nucleus nuclide Q ^I (executed in the described process a passive role) remains unchanged, but changes its volume q ^n, depending on the speed of the neutron (Fig. 17).

Since the high hopes pinned previously and assigned some people now receive energy from the annihilation process, and not only of opposite in sign to the electric charge of subatomic particles, but also familiar to us with a certain hypothetical substance antimatter, it is necessary to stop briefly on this. First of all it must be said that the division microclots gravitons into normal particles and their antipodes strictly conditional. It all depends on the orientation of the axis of rotation, and hence the polarity of the generated micro-object's own magnetic field relative to the lines of force of the external magnetic field. If the clot gravitons polarity and the same external magnetic field (. Figure 18a), it is perceived as a normal particle, otherwise (figure 18b.) - As antiparticle. It should be recalled that the theoretical justification for the possible existence of a positively charged electron double was made by Dirac in 1931, and the following year Anderson discovered a particle in cosmic rays and named it the positron.

The antiprotons were first observed experimentally in 1955 in Berkeley (USA) in the shelling accelerated to an energy of 6.3 GeV protons copper target. Then on ^October 11 clashes had only a few antiprotons. With the passage of time on all large accelerators antiproton beams have been established, giving several dozen antiprotons per pulse. In such accelerators using a system of deflecting magnets are selected negatively charged particles, most of which is pi-mesons. In the first experiment, for example, for each antiproton accounted for about 60,000 of pi-mesons. Branch antiprotons from other charged particles produced by the magnitude of their masses

antiprotons Having now explained as follows. In the case where, first, the kinetic energy of the protons, "projectile" is sufficient to form (with "transition energy in a mass") of the two nucleons and, secondly, when the proton "shell" is faced with a nucleon target, can be born new proton-antiproton pair. The "new" because priton- and "shell", and a proton target in the course of the collision persist.

What appears to the process of birth of the antiproton to the author? Not intending to within the present application in detail to present their ideas about the structure of atomic nuclei, he wants to say is that atomic nuclei are proton-neutron "ribbon", a kind of rolled into a spiral. These "ribbons" are made up of blocks: two protons - one neutron (in the outwardly facing spirals ends "ribbons"), two protons - three neutrons (in most of the "ribbons") and one proton - two neutrons (in the inner spiral turns of heavy chemical elements). FIG. 19 schematically shows a top view of a spiral nuclear atoms copper target, and the orientation of the poles and the direction of rotation and proton 1 and 2 comprising the outwardly facing end of the helix "ribbons". When firing a spiral accelerated protons 3 is likely that it will be knocked out of the proton 1, manifesting itself as a normal particles in deflecting magnet fields. Judging by the results of experiments, in rare cases, protons knocked out 3 and 2 protons with respect to the opposite polarity of the protons 1 and direction of rotation. They are perceived by the system as a deflecting magnet antiparticles.

Since the electrons in the atoms of nuclear fringe "ribbons" on both sides, interacting with the protons, in the "field of view" of which they are, then in this way it can be explained and positrons.

But when dealing with the birth of antiparticles situation is so simple, then the question arises quite naturally why they are relatively rare in the near-Earth environment, in particular in the cosmic radiation. The reason is that under natural conditions over time antiparticles self-transforming into normal particles. When the polarity coincidence clot generated graviton dipole magnetic field (H _c in FIG. 10) from the direction of lines of force surrounding microobject external magnetic field (H), as shown in FIG. 20a, acting on a part of the last microdipoles magnetic field will be the sum of its own strengths ( h) and outer (H) magnetic fields. If you get the same bunch of gravitons in the field of opposite (Fig. 20b), in which the micro-object will seem antiparticle, the tension acting on each element of its total field reduced and will be equal to the voltage difference, and H fields h, which is equivalent to the ingress of particles into the magnetic field with less intensity. This clot gravitons increase its volume, slow rotation around its own axis, etc. (FIG. 15). Fending decrease in magnetic field strength, micro-object will be more intensively to drop its "weight", but ... accelerated rotation microclots gravitons just help him, because the impact on each of its elements a magnetic field the proportion of the field created by his brothers ( h), is reduced, and the proportion of the field H increases. The situation is aggravated by the fact that under such conditions the core of the bunch is experiencing difficulty with the "suction" of gravitons from the ambient air, due to their different orientation. For these reasons, the process of "melting" of a microscopic object, reducing its speed and the increase in size progresses until then, until the coup with its "use" inherent in all graviton clots magnetic moment becomes "the power of" the external magnetic field (Fig. 20c). After the coup, the tension acting on the components of the graviton clot microdipoles magnetic field H, and h will be added and it will begin to actively build up its "weight", ie move from right to left of Figs. 15 coordinates, until it reaches the respective strength of the external magnetic field, the equilibrium state. This will change the direction of rotation of a microscopic object around its own axis, ie, self-transforming it from a normal particle antiparticle.

Above a relatively detailed understanding of the nature and the sign of the electric charge, because the main argument of the opponents, who consider it impossible in principle to obtain energy by breaking down the subatomic particles, such as protons or electrons, is that in this case violated the law of conservation of electric charge, built, as mentioned earlier, the rank of the fundamental.

And now briefly about the interaction graviton clots with ether. Those strongly sdeformirovannye gravitons and consisting of these microdroplets that are constantly emitted in all directions from the "fur" multiscale gravitons clots, cause the movement of all objects existing in nature, since a tiny photon and ending much bigger star. Expires in the direction of motion of such objects gravitons and consisting of these microdroplets meet on the way, "head-on" air resistance of a moving object, ie have a lower rate in comparison to those that are emitted from the object in the opposite direction. It is created thus total reactive power "rod" and driven by all naturally occurring clots and graviton consisting of their body. It lies at the basis of the gravitational interaction: any material object of this force samoustremlyaetsya in the region of space where the "density" of ether above. Said force "thrust" the higher the value, the more the gradient "seal" of the space near of a bunch of gravitons (or consisting of this type of object clots), which samoustremlyaetsya particle or any other material body.

To illustrate the above example can be in the gravitational interaction of the proton (p) and electrons (e). For clarity, the molecules can be likened Gravitons any gas, and the density of "packaging" gravitons or other area of ​​the space represented as a pressure value graviton "gas" (P) in the field of ether. FIG. 21 schematically shows the position of subatomic particles in the case where the distance between them is many times greater than their own size. In this position, the differential graviton "gas" pressure ( P ₁₎ on opposite sides of a small electron calculated from the percentage shares of the medium pressure "gas" in this location. To describe the interaction of two forces graviton mega- and macro-bodies in similar conditions and was offered at the time Newton dependence describing the law of universal gravitation.

Another thing - the interaction arranged close to each other graviton clots, such as the proton and the electron in the hydrogen atom, where the value of graviton "gas" pressure between the micro-objects is much larger than on the opposite side (see Figure 22..). In this regard, several times greater is the aforesaid pressure difference ( P _2), and hence the force F _2.

From the foregoing it follows that, to determine the gravitational interaction forces are relatively close to each other located graviton clots, t. E., When the distance between them is comparable to the size of micro-objects, which occurs, for example, in atomic nuclei and to a lesser extent in the atoms, customary law Newton's use should not be, because you can significantly understate the magnitude of the gravitational interaction forces. In such cases it is necessary to use other addiction, taking into account the "seal" of space (increased pressure graviton "gas") as of micro-convergence.

Similarly behave and forces due to electromagnetic interaction of micro-objects that carry an electric charge.

Gravitons during movement to graviton clots permanently reduce its scope (a) and form, and consequently increase both the total apparent magnetism (h), and its excess component ( h). Particularly pronounced changes in the relative vicinity of graviton clots (Fig. 23). In view of the foregoing electromagnetic interference, consider two fixed electric charges, such as mentioned proton (p) and electron (e). To begin, this time with the version where the distance between microobjects many times their own size (Fig. 24). To determine the strength of the electromagnetic interaction of material objects with electric charge, in similar positions Pendant suggested at one time known relationship. In accordance with it the force of mutual attraction (or repulsion) charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating these charges. FIG. 24 moving to the micro-objects gravitons are depicted as magnets having a north (N) and south (S) "part." As seen from FIG. 24, the polarity of the magnetism in excess of gravitons moving to protons and electrons, the opposite, and this is caused by the mutual attraction of opposite sign electric charges. It should be emphasized that the electric charges are attracted to each other not by themselves, but through the "relay agent" - Live.

In the lower part of FIG. 24 schematically shows the change in apparent magnetism total (h) and excess of its components ( h) at gravitons moving proton and electron. As seen from FIG. 24, in this embodiment, the electromagnetic force interaction caused by the mutual attraction gravitons plane II, is relatively small.

Other business interaction arranged close to each other a proton and an electron, ie, in the embodiment, when the distance between the bunches gravitons comparable with their absolute dimensions (Fig. 25). In this case, the electromagnetic force interaction caused vzaimoprityazhenie gravitons along the plane II-II, substantially more conventional Coulomb forces. As the convergence of two charges of the electromagnetic field intensity between them increases inversely proportional to the square of the distance is not, and in higher, ever-increasing degree of dependence on the latter. This is due to close and seal the space graviton clots are not counted according to Coulomb.

Now, in view of the above ideas about the structure of microscopic objects, the structure of the electric charges and the forces of gravitational and electromagnetic interactions proceed to the description of the simplest of atoms, namely hydrogen atoms consisting of one proton and one electron.

The first thing to say about that is fundamentally incorrect premise that was the basis of the planetary and all subsequent models of atoms, namely the representation of a proton in the form of a microscopic object, allegedly carrying only a positive electric charge. To "avoid" in this case the electron falling into a proton, our predecessors had to "get" him with enormous speed revolve around the nucleus. It was assumed that the strength of the Coulomb mutual attraction of two oppositely charged micro-objects is balanced by the centrifugal force.

But the proton, as mentioned earlier, is surrounded by differently polarized latitudinal fields, or as they say now, has a combined electric charge: positive and negative outer - inner. In this regard electron occupies a position relative to the hydrogen atom in the nucleus, where its attraction force due to proton external magnetic belt carrying a positive electric charge is balanced with the force antagonism like-charged internal them proton belt, as shown schematically in FIG. 26.

Referring again to FIG. 23. If we imagine that it is in the center of the proton and the electron is located in the places of articulation of the gravitons that form the corresponding charge of the proton's magnetic field, it is possible to explain the experimentally established spectrum of this radiation of an atom. Electrons located at a minimum distance from the proton (e ₁ in FIG. 23), t. E. In a place relatively graviton "gas" high pressure, called the ground state, has a minimum weight, size, the amount of electric charge, etc. When an electron gets further from the outside portion of gravitons, for example in the form of a photon, which has, as they say now, the corresponding energy, it increases its mass, volume and value of the electric charge. By increasing the last electron is repelled from the inner (negatively charged) proton belt and is one of the provisions of the e _2, ... e ₅ (Fig. 23), called the excited states of the atom. However, there is a short-lived excited state. After the so-called mid-life time, which is of the order of only 10 ^-8 s, the electron again performs reverse jump directly to the ground state, or as consistently held successive lower intermediate states. For each jump given previously absorbed a portion of gravitons in the form of a photon of appropriate energy. Readability and the originality of the structure of the magnetic field surrounding the proton stipulate that discharge gravitons of the electron into the surrounding air takes place in the form, as they say now, as much as quanta. After all, as shown in FIG. 15, each level of the external magnetic field N corresponds to a definite mass and other parameters clot gravitons (in this case an electron).

Involuntarily the question arises: whether the electrons revolve around the nuclei of atoms, as represented in the planetary and all subsequent models?

As long as it is a hydrogen atom, then consider those movements which makes it relatively electron proton.

Any graviton clot surrounded by latitude electromagnetic field whose strength around it (in our case - a proton and an electron) changes twice: from a minimum _(h min) to a maximum _(h max) values and polarity - four (Figure 11.).

Since the proton spins on its axis, then along with it "rotates" and generated their field. Most likely, with the same angular velocity of rotating around a common center of mass of a hydrogen atom and an electron.

Given the extremely rational nature, particularly one of the fundamental its principles - the principle of energy conservation, it can be assumed that the intrinsic angular velocity of the proton and electron are identical to the hydrogen atom, ie that some proton points always "seen" one and the.. the side of the electron. An analogue of the described motion of microscopic objects in a hydrogen atom may be the movement of the Moon around the Earth. It should be added that the rotation around their axes in the electron and proton opposite.

Also latitudinal components of nearby magnetic fields clots graviton is and meridional components (H _a in Fig. 10), the intensity of which increases with increasing distance from the "equator" to the poles and the polarity remains unchanged. It is these components and provide, despite the polarity reversal broad constituents of microobjects interorientation poles and the fact that the electron combines with its equatorial plane similar to the plane of the proton. Under natural conditions hydrogen is in the form of diatomic molecules, with two modifications: ortoformu and paraformaldehyde. The existence of two modifications of hydrogen molecules associated with different relative orientation of the axes of rotation of protons, or, as they say now, the nuclear spins of the atoms. In the molecules of para-hydrogen the nuclear spins are antiparallel, ie, with parallel axes of rotation of the protons of two hydrogen atoms have opposite polarity. In ortho spins are parallel, ie, protons of the two atoms have the same polarity (Fig. 27). "Evatorialnye" plane of all subatomic particles, such molecules are aligned, that is, They are in the same plane. In its communication of protons it is carried out by two electrons, committing small-amplitude fluctuations in well-defined areas of the said plane. At ambient (room) temperature comprises 75% hydrogen and 25% paraformaldehyde ortoformy. Value parameters and ortoformy does not change if the temperature is above 25 ^{o C.} At a temperature of 20,4 K in the equilibrium hydrogen contains about 0.21% ortoformy, and this is identified with hydrogen parahydrogen. At temperatures below 10 K is hydrogen ortoforma practically absent. Production of hydrogen with a concentration of more than 75% ortoformy possible by distillation, since more volatile parahydrogen. Effective separation makes aluminum with a selective adsorption at 20.4 and the K factor of enrichment 16. Ortoparasostav hydrogen produced at low temperatures, resistant, which allows the accumulation and storage of hydrogen with a high content in it molecules in ortoforme. Above and hydrogen atoms of the molecule are described rather in detail, are in ortoforme, because it is due to the destruction of subatomic particles is proposed to produce energy.

And now briefly about energy. Under lurking in veschestve energy in general should understand the relative high degree of deformation of gravitons, are part of one or another of the bunch. Если от него каким-то способом (например, в процессе химической реакции, ядерного синтеза или разрушения микрообъекта) отделяется большая или меньшая группа гравитонов, которая попадает в окружающий эфир, то составляющие ее элементы, стремясь привести себя в соответствие с новыми условиями, "разжимаются", т.е. увеличивают свой объем, "тесня" своих собратьев в окружающем пространстве, и уменьшают свой кажущийся суммарный магнетизм. Этот-то фундаментальный процесс и воспринимается нами как выделение энергии. К нему в конечном счете могут быть сведены многие из известных в настоящее время видов энергии: тепловая, химическая, ядерная, термоядерная и аннегиляционная.

Из сказанного следует, что количество энергии, выделившейся при протекании того или иного процесса в данной области пространства, зависит, во-первых, от числа покинувших микросгустки гравитонов, или, как принято говорить сейчас, от дефекта массы микрообъектов, и, во-вторых, от разницы в степенях исходной и конечной деформации гравитонов, принявших участие в реакции. Отсюда следует, что при отделении одинакового числа гравитонов, например от протона и электрона, в первом случае энергии выделится больше, чем во втором, так как в протоне более плотно упакованы гравитоны. С другой стороны, при одной и той же исходной деформации гравитонов в их микросгустке энергии выделится тем больше, чем меньше давление гравитонного "газа" в окружающем микрообъект эфире, т.е. чем больше будет возможность для увеличения объемов у тех гравитонов, которые покинули микросгустки.

Исходя из изложенных выше представлений о строении и свойствах объектов микромира, рассмотрим те условия, при которых удалось осуществить процесс аннигиляции микрообъектов в ускорителях, а и проанализируем возможность разрушения субатомных частиц за счет изменения давления окружающего их гравитонного "газа" или напряженности электромагнитных полей в месте нахождения микросгустков гравитонов.

Начнем с последнего. Как говорилось при рассмотрении фиг. 15, существование в природе микросгустков гравитонов ограничено двумя пределами, в частности максимальным (P ₀ ) и минимальным (P ₈ ) давлением гравитонного "газа". Отсюда можно прийти к выводу, что разрушить тот или другой сгусток гравитонов, например протон или электрон, можно путем изменения внешних условий, скажем, путем повышения "плотности" эфира до значений P ₀ или снижения ее до величины P ₈ . В принципе такой вывод верен. Именно так разрушаются микросгустки гравитонов в центральных областях планет и звезд, ядра которых и растут за счет "всасывания" тех гравитонов, которые входили в состав распадающихся субатомных частиц. Противоположные крайние условия (P ₈ на фиг. 15) имеют место в межзвездном и межгалактическом пространстве. Но так "уплотнить" или "разделить" эфир в земных условиях вряд ли когда-либо удастся, а следовательно, бесперспективными представляются предложения по получению энергии за счет разрушения субатомных частиц таким способом.

And now once again on the process of annihilation of subatomic particles, such as protons and "antiproton". Due to the decrease in volumes microclots gravitons with increasing speed decreases the already low probability of collision in the collider. In order to overcome the forces of antagonism protons and "antiproton", due to "overlay" the peripheral areas of microscopic one beam on the corresponding "charged" inner zone microclots another graviton beam, as shown in FIG. 28, higher speeds are needed. In addition to the above drawbacks of the process of obtaining energy from the annihilation microclots in accelerators latter circumstance leads to the existence of another problem: in the collision, and the full or partial destruction of microscopic objects having large kinetic energy of "fragments" (subsidiaries of microdroplets of gravitons of "fur", individual vortices - solitons of the core, perceived as mesons and muons) by inertia fly away from the impact site, which eliminates the possibility of localization of energy release process in large area power plant. As an example, the processes occurring in the "firing" of beryllium target protons, accelerated to an energy of 400 GeV synchrotron at CERN (Geneva). In the process of intense collision of accelerated protons with atomic nuclei of the target born many mesons, which by means of a complex system of focusing and deflecting magnet and collimators "sorted" and sent to an evacuated tunnel, where some of them during the flight is converted into muons. Further, micro-objects pass through steel and stone screens about 350 m in length, where the remaining absorbed mesons lose energy in collisions with atomic nuclei. In addition, the screen slows down and stops the muons, the energy of which is gradually reduced in the course of the electromagnetic interaction with the atoms of iron and stone (see. The fundamental structure of matter. Edited by John. Mulvey, M., "The World", 1984, p. 140-141) . Increase the likelihood vzaimostolknoveny microclots gravitons, have electric charges of the same name, can be achieved by exposure to magnetic fields, polarizing and thus pre-orientation of the magnetic moment (magnetic "poles") microscopic objects in the right direction, as proposed in the N GB 795596. In the previously mentioned patent this protony- "shells" 1 protony- and "target" must of inter 2 as shown in FIG. 29, i.e. that the axes of rotation are parallel, and the polarity of the approaching "poles" of microscopic objects was the opposite. In such a situation of like electrically charged particles like small permanent magnets are vzaimoprityagivatsya to each other, which will not only increase the likelihood of a collision, but at a rate sufficient particles-"shells" will contribute to the destruction of the particles-the "target".

Similarly behave not only protons and electrons. It is now believed that "the collision of the incident electron and the electrons of matter appear the so-called metabolic effects that occur due to the colliding electrons indistinguishable" (Yu Shirokov, NP Yudin. Nuclear Physics, Moscow, "Nauka" 1980, page 442) and was to share electrons with their characteristics -. spin projections and coordinates. These effects are caused by exchange forces, which "are essentially quantum nature. Therefore, it is difficult to imagine clearly based on the classical macroscopic concepts" (ibid, p. 185).

"For more information about the interactions of elementary particles - is spoken further in the quoted tutorial - we need some idea of ​​the particle structure and the mechanism of the reactions and decays complete theory of this class of phenomena has not yet been established." (Ibid , p. 315). According to modern ideas, "the interaction of two electrons and general electromagnetic interaction between two charged particles occurs by transfer of a virtual photon" (ibid, p. 321) from one particle to another and back again. Previously, applicants were sketched his ideas about the structure of elementary particles, the nature of their electric charges, but also on the mechanism of the electromagnetic interaction, which is based not instantaneous transfer "from one particle to another virtual, ie, the" intangible ", even with the help of the most modern technical means, photons, and mutual attraction and mutual repulsion of the particles through the interaction of gravitons, are in the air separating them.

As discussed previously (. Reference to Figure 19), the atomic nuclei medium weight and heavy chemical elements are proton - neutron "ribbons", wound in a kind of helix. The electrons in the atoms, making a rotation around its axis, bordered on both sides of the nuclear "ribbons", interacting with the protons, in the "field of view" of which they are, and making a vibration with a small amplitude in the range of well-defined local areas perinuclear space . The solid shelled "target" atomic nuclei, and hence their flanking electrons can be oriented differently. Kern electron, as mentioned earlier, is surrounded slozhnostrukturnyh though, but still single-band electric charge. Therefore, during the shelling elektronov- "targets", which are composed of substances elektronami- "shells" is most often observed scattering elektronov- or "shells" at different angles, accompanied by changes in their spin projections or knocking elektronov- "targets" of their places and filling the last elektronami- "shells". It is these processes and are perceived as an exchange effects. The only exceptions are cases shown schematically in FIG. 30, when, first, the axis of rotation elektronov- "shells" 1 elektronov- and "target" 2 are parallel, and secondly, the polarity of the approaching "poles" opposite electrons. In this position, the electrons vzaimoprityagivayutsya to each other, and at a sufficient velocity of electrons "shells" can occur destruction elektronov- "targets", accompanied by the release of energy.

The same result can be achieved in another way. Earlier, with reference to FIG. 18 said that if the polarity microclots gravitons and external magnetic field are the same, then it is treated as a normal particles, in particular electrons, and if not the same, as antiparticle t. E. Positron. In the collision of an electron and a positron is possible not only their elastic scattering, but also conversion into lighter particles, most commonly in the two photons. This process, called two-photon annihilation, easiest to observe positrons slowed down, ie, low-energy positrons, electrons incident on resting. In these two cases, fly-quantum of the venue annihilating particles in opposite directions and have the energy at 0.51 MeV (see., eg, Yu Shirokov, NP Yudin. Nuclear physics. Moscow, "Science", 1980, page . 338). Thus, if elektrony- "target" 1, which are in the material, fire elektronami- low-velocity "projectiles" 2, in which the rotation axis parallel to the axes of rotation elektronov- "targets" and orientation "poles" opposite, and the direction of movement perpendicular to the axes of rotation of microscopic as shown schematically in FIG. 31, the annihilation process can be implemented, i.e. the collapse of the colliding particles, accompanied by the release of energy. This velocity of electrons "shells" should be relatively small, but enough to at sub-atomic conditions did not manage to happen of their perepolyusatsiya described above with reference to FIG. 20.

It follows from the foregoing that the establishment of industrial power plants operating at the expense of the destruction of subatomic particles, it is necessary to organize the process in such a way that, firstly, it provided the greatest possible number of collisions of microscopic objects, and secondly, the collision would occur with a relatively small initial microclots gravitons kinetic energy, thirdly, the axis of rotation of the interacting particles would be parallel, and, fourthly, to polarization of protons or electrons colliding was similar motion elektronov- or "shells" in a direction perpendicular to their axes of rotation, opposite polarization elektronov- "target".

The aim of the present invention is to provide a high-performance environmentally friendly power plants, in which the energy is obtained by the destruction of subatomic particles, such as protons and electrons.

The goal is achieved by firing the spin-polarized hydrogen tablets in which the greatest possible number of molecules are in ortoforme, accelerated beams of subatomic particles. Thus on the pre-cooled to a temperature close to absolute zero, the hydrogen tablets periodically supplied in a pre-evacuate and shielded from external electromagnetic fields reaction chamber core is fed slabosfokusirovannye and having the smallest possible dimensions in the direction of beams of protons or electrons accelerated to velocities sufficient for penetration of subatomic particle beams deep into hydrogen tablets and fracture of the largest possible number of subatomic particles are tablets.

In the case of particles-as "shells" in the last beams of protons polarized in the same way as the polarized protons in hydrogen tablets, and provide direction coinciding with the direction of the axes of rotation.

In the case of using particles-as "shells" in the electron beams can be realized two options. The first of these electron beams is polarized in the same way as in the hydrogen-polarized electrons tablets and provide the direction of movement of electrons in the beams, which coincides with the direction of their axes of rotation. In the second embodiment, the electrons in the beams is polarized opposite to a polarized electrons in the tablets and provide the direction of movement of electrons in the beams, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the electrons in hydrogen tablets.

FIG. 32 schematically shows a method for producing energy, which are indicated by:

1 - protony- "missiles";

2 - protony- "target";

3 - molecules ortovodorodnoy tablets;

4 - elektrony- "target";

5 - elektrony- "shells".

It is known that hydrogen molecules 3 are composed of two atoms, each of which in turn consists of one proton and one electron, two 4. The hydrogen molecule in ortoforme axes of rotation parallel to the sub-atomic particles, and the same name "poles" of the protons are oriented the same but opposite orientation of the same name "poles" of the electrons.

In the case of particles-in as "shells" protons in the reaction chamber 1 is their collision with the tablets subatomic particles, in particular its protons 2. These collisions are accompanied by the partial destruction protonov- or "target", i.e. departure from their "coats" subsidiaries microdroplets gravitons (mesons) or complete disintegration of the particles, ie, separating them into four core vortex-soliton. As those and other short-composite particles protonov- "targets" break up soon in the reaction chamber on forming their gravitons, which are striving to bring itself into line with the new conditions, unclenched, ie release energy.

To increase the probability of failure of sub-atomic particles tablets protonami- "shells", moving at relatively low velocities, it is necessary both it and other micro-objects previously "stand" in the space, ie. E. A certain way to orient the axis of rotation microclots gravitons and their poles.

Of all the possible variants of the most suitable from this point of view is that shown in FIG. 29 and the left side of FIG. 32, i.e. when, firstly, the axis of rotation protonov- "shells" are parallel to the axis of rotation of subatomic particles, tablets, and secondly, the orientation of the poles protonov- "shells" of protons and 1 tablet 2 is the same and, thirdly, where the direction of movement protonov- "shells "coincides with the direction of their axes of rotation.

As previously mentioned, the tension of the meridional component of the magnetic field at the microclots gravitons (h in FIG. 9), the maximum in the areas of their poles, t. E. In those areas surrounding the micro-object ether is maximal apparent total magnetism of gravitons (h), and the excess of its component ( h) and the polarity of the latter at the opposite poles of subatomic particles opposite. In this regard, as they approach was oriented as shown in FIG. 32 protonov- "shells" 1 to 2 tablets protons, t. E. When approaching their oppositely polarized poles, increasingly will increase the previously described power electromagnetic and gravitational interactions, causing in this case (in contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 28) vzaimoprityazhenie microscopic objects. This will ensure the destruction protonov- "targets" protonami- "missiles", having a relatively small kinetic energy.

At the opposite poles of the same orientation protonov- "shells" and protonov- "target" their antagonism forces will be maximized, which will require a significant increase in rates of protonov- "shells" with all the ensuing negative consequences.

Will the described process releases energy from protonov- "shells"? Probably, in the collision of subatomic particles with protons tablets will be "shaking off" of some of the subsidiaries of microdroplets of gravitons and "coats" protonov- "shells", but their cores, power relationships vortex solitons which are large enough, including and due to microscopic movement in the air will be maintained. In this connection, a direct contribution protonov- "shells" in the amount of released energy will be negligible.

While he was talking about how to obtain energy by breaking down protonov- "targets". Nr are hydrogen atoms and 4. Although electrons due to significantly less than that of the proton (which is almost 2,000-fold) in the amounts of electrons and gravitons at their initial deformation amount of the latter case, the energy released in the destruction of these subatomic particles and tablets will relatively small, but to improve the efficiency of the process can destroy the energy and electrons, the more that needed chastitsy- "missiles", as that can be used and the electrons formed during the ionization of hydrogen atoms.

Due to the fact that these subatomic particles have an electric charge of a single band, orient and guide elektrony- "shells" into electrons tablets can not only as described above in the case of proton embodiment, r. E. A "butt" and 3 molecules with the same orientation elektronov- poles "shells" and elektronov- "targets", but in the direction of the equatorial plane of the subatomic particles of the tablet. In an embodiment, when motion direction elektronov- "shells" 5 perpendicular to their rotation axes, the orientation of the poles of the latter to be opposite to their fellow in the tablet t. E., Such electrons can be represented as a positron (FIG. 31 and the lower portion FIG. 32). With a little forward velocity mikroobektov- "missiles" and their mutual attraction 5 (under the action of electromagnetic and gravitational interactions) with electronic tablet 4 can occur not only the destruction of the past, but the annihilation of both colliding microclots gravitons, a big amount of energy.

Of course, during the shelling of the hydrogen tablet to be dispersed to the optimum velocity protons and electrons will be destroyed. However, prior to the relevant experiments to evaluate the proportion of their contribution to the total energy is not possible.

Proposal for use as a "fuel" ortho-cooled to near absolute zero temperature, due to a number of circumstances. To facilitate the task of partial or total destruction microclots gravitons is necessary to provide conditions under which the power relationship of their components (the vortex solitons in the cores and subsidiaries microdroplets "coats" the latest) will be minimal. These forces ultimately are caused by the interaction of gravitons gravitonomagnitnym included in the microscopic object. The greater the volume gravitons, and consequently, the less their total apparent magnetism, the less force relationship microclots gravitons components. As seen from FIG. 15 gravitons clot volume (q), and hence its constituent elements increases as graviton "gas" in the ambient pressure reduction space (P), the external magnetic field (N) and velocity of a microscopic object (V).

Pressure graviton "gas" in a microcosm in the first approximation is determined by how many gravitons microclots stored in a given volume of space. For example, in the areas of atomic nuclei of medium-weight and heavy chemical elements graviton pressure "gas" is relatively high, a part of subatomic particles gravitons have a relatively high average strain ( X), and thus a strong correlation. It follows that, of all the chemical elements most suitable for the role of "target" is hydrogen. Graviton reduce pressure "gas" in the core contributes to the evacuation of the reaction chamber and shielding it from external magnetic fields.

It follows from what has been said earlier, the probability of partial or complete destruction microclots gravitons depends largely on parallel axes of rotation of particles-the "target" particles-and "shells" and the relative orientation of their "poles". Of all the chemical elements in a hydrogen and helium, the axis of rotation of subatomic particles forming atoms are parallel. All of the following chemical elements, since lithium nuclear "ribbons" in a more or less curved. In particular, the closing of the second period, DI table Mendeleev said neon "ribbon" constitutes the first round of the nuclear spiral. Therefore, the axis of rotation of the nucleons and electrons in these atoms are not parallel and intersect at a larger or smaller angles, eliminating the possibility of the destruction of the greatest possible number of subatomic particles in the shelling of chastitsami- atoms "shells". Since the hydrogen molecule, as mentioned above, first, the axis of rotation of subatomic particles parallel and, secondly, at hydrogen molecules in ortoforme, uniform oriented "poles" of similar sub-atomic particles, and therefore most suitable for role of "targets" are hydrogen tablets, in which the maximum number of molecules is in ortoforme.

Speed ​​microscopic (atoms, molecules) and the rotational speed microclots gravitons around their axes (n) depends on the relative pressure unevenness graviton "gas" in the surrounding space, or, as we say now that the ambient temperature. It is therefore necessary to cool the tablet forming ortho to the lowest possible temperature, which can be accomplished, for example, orthohydrogen by freezing in liquid helium, which is close to absolute zero temperature. When cooled to 14 K, a solid hydrogen - white foam-like substance, the density of which is 12 times less water.

Under the above conditions, the hydrogen tablets subatomic particles, as seen from FIG. 15, will have a relatively large volume (q), which will increase the probability of hitting the particles-their "shells". This coupled with the solid state "fuel" will solve one of the two problems mentioned above, i.e. It provides a large number of collisions of microscopic objects.

The bombardment of hydrogen tablets should be made slabosfokusirovannymi beams protonov- "shells". Slabosfokusirovannymi beams, because in their strong focus will be intense heating of localized areas in tablets and as a consequence the loss of the above benefits, due to low temperatures, hydrogen atoms tablets. For the same reason it is necessary to ensure the lowest possible extent of the beams in the direction of their movement. Otherwise, the lead in bundles protony- "shells" are ahead of others to interact with subatomic particles, tablets, accompanied by the release of large amounts of energy and therefore heating and areas in the tablet (with all the ensuing negative consequences) in that fall a little later, "shells" -autsaydery. Reach reduce the size of the beams in the direction of motion can be achieved by increasing the frequency of the electric field, which accelerates their microclots gravitons.

It should be noted that the implementation of the process of obtaining energy from energy substances are far less than in the previously described process of annihilation of subatomic particles in the collider. For particles-as "shells" are not encouraged to use exotic "antiprotons" produced in extremely limited quantities in energy-intensive accelerators and ordinary protons produced in the right quantities in the ionization of hydrogen. A much less energy will be on the accumulation, storage and acceleration of particles-"shells".

As is known, the processes of fission of heavy chemical elements and fusion followed by release into the environment of a large number of free neutrons and photons hard radiation, which creates a number of problems associated with increased radioactivity. In the proposed method of release of energy will occur due to the decay of protons and electrons in the short-lived debris that will cause much less harmful impact on the environment. The obvious advantages of the proposed method of extracting energy from a substance applies practically inexhaustible "fuel" - hydrogen.

The crust of every 100 hydrogen atoms accounts 15 (1% by weight). In vivo it is in connection with a number of chemical elements:. Oxygen, sulfur, carbon, chlorine, etc. It is a constituent of water (about 11% by weight) of various compounds forming the coal, oil, natural gas, etc.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method of extracting energy from the substance have been carried out calculations prikidochnye power plant capacity of 1,000 MW, operating on an overheated to 560 ^{o C} steam whose pressure before the first turbine stage 240 ata. Steam flow rate in this case must be of the order of 800 kg, and heat capacity of the reaction chamber of about 3.2 × 10 ⁶ kW (0.76 × 10 ⁶ kcal / s, or 3.2 × 10 ⁶ erg / s). Since prior to the relevant experiments to evaluate the amount of energy released by the destruction of protons and electrons, it is not possible, the calculations were performed for two variants.

In the first, it was assumed that energy is released only through the destruction of "loose" pills protons. One proton mass under normal conditions of 1.67 × 10 ^-27 kg. In its decay, to use relation (2) shall be allocated 1.67 × 10 ^-27 kg · (3 · 10 ⁸ m / s) = 1.5 x 10 ^-10 J, or 1.5 × 10 ^-3 erg energy. It follows that every second should disintegrate in the working chamber 2.1 1,000 MW power plant 10 ¹⁹ protons. As a first approximation, we can assume that the mass of a hydrogen atom is determined by the mass of the proton, and the second hydrogen consumption for the considered installation will be approximately 3.5 × 10 ^-8 kg and with taking into account the costs of preparing protonov- "shells" - 7 · 10 ^-8 kg. Since in this embodiment, the energy release will occur due to protons, it should be compared with nuclear reactions, in particular the most effective of these fusion reaction of helium-4 nuclei of deuterons. If we could learn the controlled synthesis process, such a power plant every second of said power would be required to spend 5.7 × 10 ^-6 kg of deuterium, that more than 80 times greater than the above hydrogen consumption.

In the second embodiment, it was assumed that only the energy release is due to the decay of the electrons, though both are part of the tablet and used as "projectiles." Since the mass of a single electron in the normal conditions of 9.11 × 10 ^-31 kg, each of these microclots gravitons during its decay must allocate 9.11 × 10 ^-31 kg · (3 · 10 ⁸ m / s) ² = 8, 2 · 10 ^-14 J, or 8.2 x 10 ^-7 ergs of energy. Consequently, in the reaction chamber 4 every second should disintegrate · 10 ²² electrons and "positron". The mass of a hydrogen atom is known - 1.67 × 10 ^-27 kg. So, for the preparation of tablets and elektronov- "shells" is necessary in power plants, generating 1,000 MW of electricity, every second spend about 7 × 10 ^-5 kg of hydrogen.

As discussed in the embodiment of the energy release will be due to electrons, it is expedient to compare with chemical reactions in which the same "actors". The most effective of these is the oxygen-hydrogen reaction. In this paper we consider the power plant on oxygen-hydrogen mixture every second of the last would be required to spend 26 kg, which is 3.7 × 10 ⁵ more than the process of decay electrons.

Of course, to ensure the destruction of the above amounts of protons and electrons in the real world require many times more the number of hydrogen atoms, firstly, to supply the reaction chamber in the form of tablets, and, secondly, for the preparation of proton and electronic "shells" . But unreacted hydrogen atoms, and their components, including chastitsy- "shells" can be used repeatedly. In this regard, the right attitude in this process resulting energy to the total weight of only those particles which are no longer in the form of gravitons microclots, t. E. Dissolves in the air. Unfortunately, the author does not know the average volume of gravitons both protons and electrons, and in the surrounding air, and therefore forced to use the relation (2). It follows that in one gram of the substance, as stated in the beginning of the application, contains 9 · ^October 23 ergs of energy. Consequently, in need throughout the year for continuous operation of the power plant of 1000 MW "dissolve" in the air just 0.35 kg of hydrogen. In fully aware of the how incorrect are made above assumptions, and therefore also conducted on their basis calculations, the author still believes that the proposed method of extracting energy from matter in the tens and hundreds of times more effective than all the currently known methods , including the process of synthesis of helium 4 nuclei deuterons.

Start of work on the development of the process of obtaining energy must be to conduct experiments on the "fire" of polarized ortovodorodnyh tablets, cooled to near absolute zero temperature, the above-described beams of protons and electrons. These works can be carried out using existing accelerators. The aim of the experiments is not only a demonstration of the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method for producing energy, but also to establish the optimal parameters for the design of industrial power plants.

The proposed method is realized in the energy production installation, a schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 33.

FIG. 33 are designated numerals 6 - liquid hydrogen tank; 7 - distillation unit; 8 - the dispenser; 9 - hydrogen and helium heat exchanger; 10 - block dozaholazhivaniya helium; 11 - an electromagnet; 12 - a device for feeding tablets; 13 - hydrogen tablet; 14 - the reaction chamber; 15 - polarization proton accelerator block; 16 - polarization accelerating electronic unit; 17 - coolant circulation pump; 18 - the capacity of the coolant; 19 - cooling path of the reaction chamber; 20 - the heat exchanger; 21 - the water pump; 22 - Operating the turbine; 23 - electric; 24 - Valve; 25 - the heat exchanger of the reaction chamber; 26 - a vacuum chamber; 27 - vacuum pump; 28 - hydrogen liquefaction unit; 29 - ionization unit.

In such an arrangement the liquid hydrogen tank 6 is connected with the inlet conduit to the distillation unit 7, of which outputs are connected to the tank 6 and the entrance to the spout 8. The output of the dispenser connected to the input in a helium-hydrogen heat exchanger 9 which is connected with the block highways helium dozaholazhivaniya 10. The hydrogen-helium heat exchanger is surrounded by the electromagnet 11 and connected with the output device 12 to supply hydrogen tablets 13 into the reaction chamber 14, which is connected to the outputs of the polarization of the proton accelerator 15 and electronic 16 units. The circulation pump 17 is connected to the output highways from the coolant tank 18 and the entrance of the cooling path of the reaction chamber 19, the output of which is connected with the inlet conduit into the coolant tank. The heat exchanger system 20 is connected to steam conduit to the outlet of the water pump 21 and to an input of the working steam turbine 22, jointed with an electric generator 23. The valve 24 is connected through heat exchanger 25 to the outlet of the reaction chamber and the entrance of the vacuum chamber 26, the output of which is connected to entering the vacuum pump 27. The outputs from the vacuum pump connected to the inputs of highways in the hydrogen liquefaction unit 28 and the ionization unit 29. The output of the device 28 is connected to the backbone with a liquid hydrogen tank, and from the ionization unit outputs are connected to the inputs of the polarization in the proton accelerator and electronic units.

Liquid hydrogen from the tank 6 is fed to the distillation unit 7, which is made on its division orthohydrogen and parahydrogen. The first of them is fed into the dispenser 8, where it is a special spill sleeve intended to form tablets of hydrogen, and the other returned to the tank 6. Next, a liner fall into orthohydrogen helium-hydrogen heat exchanger 9 wherein it occurs due to freezing of the cooling liquid helium, having close to absolute zero temperature. Liquid helium supplied from a helium dozaholazhivaniya block 10 in which at least its return from the heat exchanger is made dozaholazhivanie helium to the initial temperature. For correct orientation ortho-hydrogen atoms (their microclots gravitons) in the freezing heat exchanger is surrounded by a special electromagnet 11, to create the appropriate voltage and the polarity of the magnetic field. With the device 12 for supplying hydrogen tablets last 13 periodically served in the reaction chamber 14. The core at the right time to within the specified area of ​​the tablet from the polarization of the accelerating unit 15 and sent slabosfokusirovannye polarized beams of protons, and the block 16 - electron beam ( " positrons ").

Highlighted in the process of destruction microclots gravitons energy carried by the graviton "gas" high pressure, some subatomic particles and their subsidiaries microdroplets, unreacted hydrogen and chastitsy- "shells", through the walls of the reaction chamber is transferred to the coolant supplied to the circulation pump 17 from the coolant tank 18, the cooling path 19 of the reaction chamber. The heat exchanger 20 disposed in said container, by a pump 21 water is supplied which, after heating and evaporation hits the turbine 22 coupled to an electric generator 23. After each cycle, valve 24 is opened, and the high temperature gas located in the reaction chamber, passing through the heat exchanger 25 and giving it greater portion of the heat enters the vacuum chamber 26. The vacuum pump 27 from this gas chamber is pumped into the device 28, in which the hydrogen liquefaction, recycled to the tank. Part of the hydrogen gas after the pump 27 goes to block 29, which made its ionization. Resulting in the ionization process protons are served in the polarization-accelerating unit 15, the electrons - in block 16.

CLAIM

1. A method of producing energy from hydrogen tablets firing spin-polarized polarized beam of subatomic particles, characterized in that the polarized hydrogen tablets wherein the maximum possible number of molecules in ortoforme is cooled to a temperature close to absolute zero, intermittently fed into the active zone of the reaction chamber beforehand otvakuumiirovannoy and shielded from external electromagnetic fields, where their shell weakly focused and have the smallest possible dimensions in the direction of beams of polarized subatomic particles, the subatomic particles in the beams are oriented so that their axis of rotation parallel to the axes of protons rotation and electrons in tablets, and accelerated to speeds sufficient to penetrate the beams of subatomic particles in the interior of the hydrogen tablets and fracture of the largest possible number of subatomic particles are tablets.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sub-atomic particles are used in the proton beams, which is polarized in the same way as the polarized protons in hydrogen tablets and provide the direction of movement of protons in the beams, which coincides with the direction of their axes of rotation.

3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bunches of subatomic particles in use electrons which are polarized in the same way as the polarized electrons in hydrogen tablets and provide the direction of movement of electrons in the beams, which coincides with the direction of their axes of rotation.

4. The method of claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the electrons in the beams is polarized oppositely to the way the electrons are polarized in the tablets and provide the direction of movement of electrons in the beams, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the electrons in hydrogen tablets.

5. Installation for generating energy, comprising a liquid hydrogen tank, a liquid dispenser for dispensing hydrogen into the forming sleeve is surrounded by an electromagnet helium-hydrogen heat exchanger unit dozaholazhivaniya helium, hydrogen supply device into the core of tablets, the reaction chamber with the cooling path, the coolant circulation pump, a vacuum chamber, a vacuum pump, the capacity of the coolant, which heat exchanger is a steam-water system is mounted, a water pump, a working turbine jointed with an electric generator, the hydrogen ionization unit, characterized in that it is provided with a distillation unit, connected highways with liquid hydrogen tank and the entrance to the spout , device hydrogen liquefaction, the output of which is connected Trunk with liquid hydrogen tank and the entrance into the device through a vacuum pump, a vacuum chamber and a valve connected to the reaction chamber from which the unreacted hydrogen is supplied, the polarization accelerating proton and electronic units, the inputs to which are connected with an ionization unit, and the outputs are coupled to the active area of ​​the reaction chamber.

print version
Publication date 09.01.2007gg

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