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NON-TRADITIONAL DEVICES AND METHODS OF OBTAINING ELECTRIC ENERGY
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2292106

MAGNETOELECTRIC GENERATOR

MAGNETOELECTRIC GENERATOR

The name of the inventor: Belonogov Oleg Borisovich
The name of the patent holder: Open Joint-Stock Company "Rocket and Space Corporation Energia" named after SP Korolev "
Address for correspondence: 141070, Moscow Region, Korolev, ul. Lenin, 4a, RSC Energia after SP Korolev, Department of Intellectual Property
Date of commencement of the patent: 2005.03.30

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in rocket and space technology, electric power industry and in everyday life. The magnetoelectric generator contains a dielectric casing, at the ends of which are mounted edge permanent magnetic elements. Inside the housing is installed with a gap and the possibility of moving between the edge permanent magnetic elements a movable magnetic circuit consisting of a movable permanent magnetic element, a non-magnetic thrust and an additional movable permanent magnetic element. In the walls of the body through holes are made, and on the outer side of the body there are two magnetic guides of three or more permanent magnetic elements, and an electrically conducting circuit closed on the rectifier and an additional electrically conducting circuit closed on an additional rectifier. In the generator, its movable magnetic core is held in a floating or suspended state (magnetic suspension) with respect to the dielectric housing and electrically conductive circuits. The axis of the mobile magnetic core is oriented at an angle to the direction of the external perturbations of the magnetic field, and the natural vibration frequency of the moving magnetic circuit under the influence of such perturbations coincides with the frequency of any harmonic from the perturbation spectrum of the external magnetic field. The technical result consists in providing conversion of the energy of perturbations of the external magnetic field into electrical energy with a reduction in the overall dimensions and mass of the generator, since it is particularly effective in "nano" -execution.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of electromagnetic engineering and can be used in rocket and space technology and electric power industries.

A magnetoelectric generator is known which contains a closed electrically conductive circuit interacting with a magnetic element that is moved inside the electrically conductive circuit [1].

In the closed electrically conductive circuit of such a magnetoelectric generator, when an magnetic element moves inside it, an electric current arises, the value of which is proportional to the velocity of the magnetic element. However, to generate electricity using such a magnetoelectric generator, it is necessary to expend mechanical energy to move the magnetic element inside the electrically conductive circuit.

The Earth-space power generator of the Polish engineer Janichek [2] is known, containing a closed electrically conductive circuit located on the Earth, acting as a turbine rotor, while the closed electrically conducting circuit rotates together with the Earth in the magnetic field of the cosmic magnetic element - the Sun, crossing its magnetic lines.

Such a magnetoelectric converter is capable of generating electricity without the use of external thermal, light, mechanical and electrical energy, but it must have significant dimensions, and consequently, mass, and therefore it is extremely costly and inapplicable in space technology. In addition, with a significant distance from the Sun, power generation by a similar magnetoelectric generator becomes problematic.

As the closest analogue of the prototype invention, a magnetoelectric generator is selected comprising a housing in which two edge permanent magnetic elements located at opposite ends thereof are mounted and a movable permanent magnetic element installed within the housing with the ability to move between the edge permanent magnetic elements interacting with the closed On the rectifier by an electrically conductive circuit [3].

Such a magnetoelectric generator converts the energy of permanent magnetic elements into electrical energy, but to generate electricity using such a magnetoelectric generator it is necessary to expend electric power from an external source necessary for rotation of the edge constants of the magnetic elements.

For long-term studies of automatic spacecraft and probes of distant planets in the solar system that have a magnetic field, where the production of electricity due to the light of the sun is difficult, and the sparseness of the atmosphere or its absence does not allow the use of wind power for generating electric power, A compact device capable of transforming the perturbations of the planet's magnetic field due to the rotation of the core of the planet in its mantle, and perturbations caused by magnetic storms into electrical energy.

In addition, it is very useful to have devices in various industries and at home that can transform unproductive disturbances of an external magnetic field into electrical energy. Such disturbances are caused, for example, by the operation of radio stations, television transmitting stations, power stations, power lines, electrical networks, transformer stations, etc.

The aim of the invention is to provide an opportunity to generate an electric current by using the phenomenon of magnetomechanical resonance with the exclusion of the costs of mechanical, thermal, light and electric energy.

The technical result of the invention is to provide the possibility of converting the energy of perturbations of an external magnetic field into electric energy with a reduction in the overall dimensions and mass of the generator.

The technical result is achieved in that in a magnetoelectric generator containing a housing inside which there are two edge permanent magnetic elements located at opposite ends thereof and a movable permanent magnetic element interposed with a closed rectifier By an electrically conductive circuit, in contrast to the prototype, an additional electrically conductive circuit is inserted into it, closed to an additional rectifier, and one of the poles of the movable permanent magnetic element is pulled rigidly along one axis by a thrust along a single axis with the same pole of an additional movable permanent magnetic element, and mounted inside the casing The movable permanent magnetic element is reversed with the same pole to the first edge permanent magnetic element, and the additional movable permanent magnetic element is turned with the same pole to the second edge permanent magnetic element, the movable permanent magnetic element, the traction and the additional movable magnetic element The permanent magnetic element forms a movable magnetic circuit which is installed with a gap in the housing, the housing is made of a dielectric material and one or more through-holes are formed in its wall, the length of each of which is equal to or greater than the distance between the edge permanent magnetic elements, The outer side of the body between two planes perpendicular to the body and intersecting the zone adjacent to the pole of the movable permanent magnetic element interacting with the same pole of the first edge magnetic element and between two planes perpendicular to the body and intersecting the zone adjacent to the pole of an additional permanent magnetic element interacting With the same pole of the second magnetic edge element, is mounted on a magnetic guide of three or more equidistant permanent magnetic elements, the permanent magnetic elements of the first magnetic guide facing with the same poles to the like pole of the movable permanent magnetic element, and the permanent magnetic elements of the second magnetic guide facing With the same poles to the same pole of an additional movable permanent magnetic element, the electrically conductive contour being mounted over the body between planes perpendicular to the body and intersecting the zone adjacent to the pole of the movable permanent magnetic element connected to the rod, and an additional electrically conductive circuit is mounted over the body between planes perpendicular The body and intersecting the zone adjacent to the pole of the additional movable permanent magnetic element and connected to the thrust, wherein the longitudinal axis of the movable magnetic circuit is directed towards the direction line of the perturbations of the external magnetic field at an angle , Defined by

Arctg (l / h) <| | < / 2,

Where l is the distance between the edge permanent magnetic elements;

H is the maximum width of the edge permanent magnetic element.

Due to this design of the magnetoelectric generator, its movable magnetic circuit is in a floating or suspended state (magnetic suspension), its position relative to the electrically conductive circuits and the energy state (rest or motion) are determined by superposition and interaction of magnetic fields of all magnetic elements of the magnetoelectric generator structure and external Magnetic field, and the perturbation of the external magnetic field at a certain orientation of the axis of the movable magnetic circuit to the direction of these perturbations causes it to move, as a result of which an electric current arises in the electrically conductive circuits closed on the rectifier interacting with the mobile permanent magnetic elements of the mobile magnetic circuit. The effect of power generation is enhanced with an increase in the speed of the vibrational motions of the moving magnetic core, i.e. When the natural frequency of the movable magnetic circuit on the magnetic suspension is in the resonance state with the frequency of any harmonic from the perturbation spectrum of the external magnetic field, and the mobile magnetic flux itself is weakly damped. At the same time, external mechanical, thermal, light and electric energy is not expended, and oscillations of the moving magnetic circuit occur under the influence of the energy of perturbations of the external magnetic field.

The totality of all the indicated essential features of a magnetoelectric generator makes it possible to convert the energy of perturbations of an external magnetic field into electric current energy.

Since the claimed set of essential features of the magnetoelectric generator allows to solve the task, the claimed magnetoelectric generator corresponds to the criterion of "inventive level".

The claimed magnetoelectric generator is illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. FIG.

MAGNETOELECTRIC GENERATOR MAGNETOELECTRIC GENERATOR

1 shows a general view of a magnetoelectric generator in a section.

2 is a cross-sectional view of a magnetoelectric generator in a region above a magnetic rail in a plane perpendicular to the axis of its movable magnetic circuit.

The magnetoelectric generator comprises a housing 1 inside which it is mounted at each of its ends along an edge permanent magnetic element 2 and 3. Within the housing 1, a movable permanent magnetic element 4 and an additional movable permanent magnetic element 6 are disposed between the permanent magnetic elements 2 and 3 Rigidly connected by a pull rod 5. The movable permanent magnetic element 4, the rod 5 and the additional movable permanent magnetic element 6 form a movable magnetic circuit which is installed with a gap 7 in the internal cavity of the housing 1. In the wall of the housing 1, one and more through-holes 8 are made. 7 eliminates dry friction between the components of the movable magnetic core and the body 1, and the presence of through-slots 8 with a length equal to or greater than the distance between the edge permanent magnetic elements 2 and 3 in the housing 1 ensures minimal damping of the movable magnetic circuit at any amplitude of its oscillations due to guaranteed provision Passing windows for the exit of the gas or air medium from the cavity between the pole of the movable permanent magnetic element 4 and the same pole of the first edge permanent magnetic 2 as well and from the cavity between the pole of the additional mobile permanent magnetic element 6 and the same pole of the second edge permanent magnetic 3, The slots 8 are made, the greater the cross-sectional area of ​​the passage windows and the less damping. The length of the slots 8 should not be longer than the length of the body 1 to ensure its integrity, and with the length of the slots 8 equal to the length of the body 1, the integrity of the body 1 can be ensured, for example, by rigidly fixing its components to the edge permanent magnetic elements 2 and 3 The movable permanent magnetic element 4 is turned with the same pole to the first edge permanent magnetic element 2 and the additional movable permanent magnetic element 6 faces the same pole to the second edge permanent magnetic element 3. Between the edge permanent magnetic element 2 and the mobile permanent magnetic element 4 interacting therewith , And between the edge permanent magnetic element 3 and the additional movable permanent magnetic element 6 of the mobile magnetic core interacting with it, there are gaps 9 necessary to provide mobility and the required vibration amplitude of the movable magnetic circuit. On the outer side of the body 1 between two planes perpendicular to the body 1 and intersecting the zone adjacent to the pole of the movable permanent magnetic element 4 interacting with the same pole of the first edge magnetic element 2 and between two planes perpendicular to the body 1 and intersecting the zone adjacent to the pole An additional permanent magnetic element 6 interacting with the same pole of the second edge magnetic element 3 is mounted on a magnetic guide of three or more equidistant permanent magnetic elements 10, the permanent magnetic elements 10 of the first magnetic guide facing with the same poles to the like pole of the mobile permanent magnetic Of the element 4, and the permanent magnetic elements 10 of the second magnetic guide face the same poles to the same pole of the additional movable permanent magnetic element 6. The magnetic guides and edge permanent magnetic elements 2 and 3 are necessary to hold the movable magnetic core in a floating or suspended (magnetic suspension) state at Any position of the body 1. With the number of permanent magnetic elements 10 of the magnetic guide less than three it is impossible to ensure a guaranteed retention of the movable magnetic core with a gap 7 inside the housing 1. The electrically conductive circuit 11 closed on the rectifier 12 is mounted over the body 1 between planes perpendicular to the body 1 and crossing the zone Adjacent to the pole of the movable permanent magnetic element 4 connected to the rod 5 and an additional electrically conductive circuit 13 closed to the additional rectifier 14 is mounted over the body 1 between planes perpendicular to the body 1 and intersecting the zone adjacent to the pole of the additional movable permanent magnetic element 6 And connected to the rod 5. The movable permanent magnetic element 4 and the additional movable permanent magnetic element 6 face each other with the same poles and are connected by a pull rod 5 from a non-magnetic material to distort their magnetic fields in order to improve the interaction with the electrically conductive circuits 11 and 13 at small amplitudes Moving the movable magnetic circuit, and the construction of the housing 1 of the dielectric material excludes the closure of the turns of the electrically conductive circuits 11 and 12 by the movable permanent magnetic element 4 and the additional movable permanent magnetic element 6 with possible oscillations of the movable magnetic circuit in directions other than longitudinal. The presence of an additional electrically conductive circuit 13 closed to an additional rectifier 14 makes it possible to increase the generation of electric power of the magnetoelectric generator due to the motion of an additional mobile permanent magnetic element 6.

The mobile magnetic core, consisting of a movable permanent magnetic element 4, a pull rod 5 and an additional movable permanent magnetic element 6, is in a floating or suspended state (magnetic suspension) with respect to the edge magnetic elements 2 and 3 and magnetic magnetic guide elements 9 in any position of the body 1 Its position relative to the electrically conducting circuits 11 and 13 and the energy state (rest or motion) are determined by the superposition and interaction of the magnetic fields of all the magnetic elements of the structure of the magnetoelectric generator and the external magnetic field.

The perturbation of the external magnetic field at a certain orientation of the longitudinal axis of the mobile weakly damped magnetic circuit of the magnetoelectric generator to the direction of these perturbations causes it to move, so that in the electrically conducting circuit 11, which interacts with the movable permanent magnetic element 4, closed in the rectifier 12, and in the interacting with the additional mobile constant The magnetic element 6 is connected to the additional rectifier 14 of the additional electrically conductive circuit 13 and an electric current is generated.

For the appearance of longitudinal oscillations of the movable magnetic circuit, it is necessary that

- angle ( Max ) between the longitudinal axis of the movable magnetic circuit and the direction of perturbations of the external magnetic field was different from / 2, corresponding to the case in which a mobile magnetic circuit, under the influence of perturbations of an external magnetic field, can move only in directions other than the longitudinal direction, i.e.

- angle ( Min ) between the longitudinal axis of the movable magnetic circuit and the direction of the perturbations of the external magnetic field should be such that the external disturbances of the magnetic field are not shielded by the edge permanent magnetic elements 2 and 3, and when penetrating between the permanent magnetic elements 10 of any of the magnetic guides, A movable permanent magnetic element 4 or an additional movable permanent magnetic element 6 of the movable magnetic circuit, i. It is necessary that

Where l is the distance between the edge permanent magnetic elements 2 and 3;

H is the maximum width of the edge permanent magnetic element 2 or 3.

Then the final relation for the angle Takes the form:

To obtain the greatest effect, it is necessary that the speed of the moving magnetic circuit be maximum [1].

Let us consider the harmonic oscillations of a moving magnetic circuit, determined by the expression

Where X m is the coordinate of the moving magnetic circuit;

A is the amplitude of the moving magnetic circuit;

F - vibration frequency of the mobile magnetic circuit;

T is time.

The speed of motion of the oscillating magnetic circuit can be determined by differentiating with respect to time t the expression (4)

From the theory of oscillations it is known that the amplitude of the oscillations of the moving magnetic circuit and the speed of its motion will be maximal if the natural frequency of these oscillations coincides with the frequency of any harmonic from the spectrum of the oscillations of the external disturbing force (in this case the perturbations of the magnetic field), i.e. When there is a resonance phenomenon and when the moving magnetic circuit is weakly damped, i.e. Viscous friction during its movement is very small, and dry friction is absent.

On the other hand, in order to increase the moving speed of the movable magnetic circuit in accordance with expression (5), it is necessary that the natural frequency f of oscillations of the mobile magnetic circuit, defined by the expression

Where m is the mass of the mobile magnetic circuit;

C - the stiffness of the magnetic suspension, was maximum.

From expression (6), in particular, it follows that an increase in the natural frequency of oscillations of a movable magnetic circuit can be achieved by reducing its mass while ensuring the corresponding stiffness of the magnetic suspension by changing the magnetization of the magnetic components of the suspension (2, 10 and 4, 3, 10 and 6 ).

Therefore, the most effective is to perform the claimed device in micro-fulfillment using, for example, nanotechnology. Объединение таких наноустройств в батарею с последовательным, параллельным или комбинированным последовательно-параллельным соединением позволяет повысить или генерируемое напряжение, или генерируемый ток, вырабатываемый батареей магнитоэлектрических генераторов, или то и другое вместе взятое, а их наноисполнение позволяет создать компактную микромодульную конструкцию небольшой массы, генерирующую электроэнергию.

Кроме этого соединенные в батарею отдельные магнитоэлектрические генераторы могут быть выполнены таким образом, что собственные частоты колебаний их подвижных магнитопроводов совпадают с частотами разных гармоник из спектра возмущений внешнего магнитного поля и (или) сориентированы под указанным углом к разным источникам возмущений внешнего магнитного поля. Тогда интенсивность выработки электроэнергии такой батареей возрастает многократно.

Thus, the claimed magnetoelectric generator due to the magnetomechanical resonance phenomena of its movable magnetic circuit makes it possible to generate electric current without external costs of mechanical, thermal, light and electric energy. Carrying out the claimed magnetoelectric generator in nano-filling allows to create a compact micro-modular device of small mass that generates electric power due to external magnetic field perturbations that can be used in space technology for long-term studies of planets of the solar system with a magnetic field, using spacecraft and probes, and In the electric power industry and in everyday life.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Course of General Physics. 2. Kiev: Dnipro, 1994, pp. 260-263.

2. Merkulov A.P. Magnetic fields are workers. M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1978, p.141, 143.

3. The patent of the Russian Federation No. 2206170 is a prototype.

CLAIM

A magnetoelectric generator comprising a housing in which two edge permanent magnetic elements are mounted located at opposite ends thereof and a movable permanent magnetic element operable with the electrically conductive circuit closed on the rectifier is mounted inside the housing for moving between the edge permanent magnetic elements, characterized in that An additional electrically conductive circuit is inserted into it, closed to an additional rectifier, and one of the poles of the movable permanent magnetic element is pulled rigidly along one axis with the same pole of the additional movable permanent magnetic element and is mounted inside the housing with the possibility of moving between the edge permanent magnetic elements The movable permanent magnetic element is turned with the same pole to the first edge permanent magnetic element and the additional movable permanent magnetic element is turned with the same pole to the second edge permanent magnetic element, the movable permanent magnetic element, the thrust and the additional movable permanent magnetic element form a movable magnetic circuit, Which is installed with a gap in the housing, the housing is made of a dielectric material, and in its wall is made one and more through grooves, the length of each of which is equal to or greater than the distance between the edge permanent magnetic elements, with the outer side of the housing between the two planes, Perpendicular to the body and intersecting the zone adjacent to the pole of the movable permanent magnetic element interacting with the same pole of the first edge magnetic element and between two planes perpendicular to the body and intersecting the zone adjacent to the pole of an additional permanent magnetic element cooperating with the same pole of the second magnetic edge element Is established by a magnetic guide consisting of three or more equidistant permanent magnetic elements, the permanent magnetic elements of the first magnetic guide facing with the same poles to the same pole of the movable permanent magnetic element, and the permanent magnetic elements of the second magnetic guide facing with the same poles to the same pole of the additional movable magnetic element And an electrically conductive circuit is mounted on top of the housing between planes perpendicular to the housing and traversing the zone adjacent to the pole of the movable permanent magnetic element connected to the cable and an additional electrically conductive circuit is mounted over the housing between planes perpendicular to the housing and intersecting the zone adjacent to the housing Pole of an additional movable permanent magnetic element and connected to the thrust, the longitudinal axis of the movable magnetic circuit being directed towards the direction of perturbations of the external magnetic field at an angle , Defined by

Arctg (l / h) <| \ < / 2,

Where l is the distance between the edge permanent magnetic elements;

H is the maximum width of the edge permanent magnetic element.

print version
Date of publication 10.01.2007gg