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NON-TRADITIONAL DEVICES AND METHODS OF OBTAINING ELECTRIC ENERGY
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2233387

SYSTEM OF ENERGY SUPPORT

SYSTEM OF ENERGY SUPPORT

The name of the inventor: Rytvyn L.N. (RU); Britvina Т.V. (RU); Shchepochkin A.V.
The name of the patent holder: Britvin Lev Nikolaevich (RU); Britvina Tatiana Valerievna (RU); Shchepochkin Alexey Vitalyevich
Address for correspondence: 111673, Moscow, ul. Novokosinskaya, 13/1, ap. 76, L.N. Britvin
The effective date of the patent: 2002.08.21

The invention relates to the field of energy, namely to autonomous power supply systems using solar energy for generating electricity, heat, hot water for industrial and agricultural facilities. The technical result, which is to ensure the environmental safety of the power supply system, improve its efficiency and improve its compatibility with other systems, is achieved by the fact that in the energy supply system of habitable objects due to the energy of the sun and wind, for example buildings containing at least one wind installation with An electric generator connected electrically to the energy storage device communicated with the consumer of this energy, according to the invention, the energy storage device is made in the form of at least two heat accumulators - a high-temperature and low-temperature, high-temperature battery is communicated in heat with a heater that leads at least an electric generator of the stabilized frequency and voltage of the heat engine, The refrigerator of which is communicated with heat by a low-temperature battery which is communicated warmly to the heating and hot water supply system of the habitable object with the possibility of regulating the transmitted heat energy, and to the heater of air entering the inlet of at least one wind farm, the generator of which is communicated with an electric heater of the coolant of the high-temperature battery With the possibility of regulating the heat energy transferred to the air heater.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The proposal refers primarily to self-contained energy systems using solar energy - residential buildings, autonomous settlements or residential complexes, industrial and agricultural facilities remote from existing energy supply systems, and is designed to provide heat, hot water and electricity to these facilities.

Energy supply systems are known that use solar energy and convert it into electrical energy, for example, through wind turbines with electric generators, which is stored in electric accumulators and then, if necessary, is supplied to various consumers of electricity: heating radiators, lighting lamps, household appliances and equipment - a prototype.

These systems can also be used in land-based habitats in areas predominantly with high wind intensity.

In parallel, power plants can be used that convert light solar energy into electrical energy.

The energy potential of wind energy sources is more than 4 times higher than the existing energy demand, which is now almost entirely covered by non-renewable sources (oil, gas, coal), the use of which is associated with significant pollution of the environment.

Due to the fact that the energy of the sun and the wind energy in magnitude are significantly variable in time, and energy consumption in habitats is constant, but with varying intensity, the existing energy supply systems are supplied with electric accumulators, charged with a direct current of 12/24 V voltage through special inverters, Transforming the electric power, coming from the power generators of wind turbines, into the electric power with the voltage sufficient for charging of electroaccumulators.

In such power supply systems, wind turbine and vortex types are used with built-in power and DC voltage control systems to ensure normal charging conditions for accumulators, which generally increases their cost and reduces operational reliability. The total required capacity of electric accumulators to ensure stable power supply to relatively large residential objects, for example an area of ​​6000 m 2 , becomes so large that the practical implementation of such a power system becomes economically irrational, since it requires large investments to ensure its environmentally safe operation requiring regular annual replacement of a large number of battery Batteries. To ensure the functioning of habitats, all electrical equipment must be converted to low-voltage direct current, which requires a wide production of a new type of electrical equipment.

At the same time, it is very difficult to transfer existing buildings and other facilities to electricity from these systems, since this requires the replacement of all electrical equipment.

The purpose of this proposal is the creation of a power supply system based on free energy sources, in which the above disadvantages are eliminated.

The task is solved by the fact that:

- in the power supply system of habitable objects, for example buildings containing at least one wind farm with an electric generator electrically connected with the energy storage unit communicated with the consumer of this energy, the energy storage is made in the form of at least two heat accumulators - high-temperature and low-temperature, high-temperature heat accumulator Heat with a heater leading to at least an electric generator of the stabilized frequency and voltage of the heat engine whose refrigerator is warmly communicated with a low-temperature heat accumulator which is communicated warmly to the heating and hot water supply system of the habitable object with the possibility of regulating the transmitted heat energy, and - with the air heater , Arriving at the input of at least one wind farm, the generator of which is communicated with an electric heater of the heat carrier of the high-temperature heat accumulator with the possibility of regulating the heat energy transferred to the heat exchanger;

- at least one wind turbine is of the vortex type, along the axis of the input part of which is located the outlet of the vertical air duct, in the lower part of which there is an air heater, communicated in heat with a low-temperature heat accumulator;

- The vertical air duct is communicated with the outputs of the ventilation system of the inhabited object;

- the air heater is installed in the lower part of the vertical duct, in the upper part of which there is an air turbine blade wheel with an electric generator, and the air duct itself is made in the form of a power tubular stanchion of the blade wind turbine;

- Low-temperature heat accumulator is made in the form of a sealed heat-insulated volume filled with a liquid heat carrier, for example water;

- The low-temperature heat accumulator is made in the form of a heat-insulated volume filled with a solid substance, for example SiO 2 , inside which there is a tubular heat exchanger for heat removal / supply by circulating the heat-transfer fluid;

- high-temperature heat accumulator is located inside the low-temperature heat accumulator;

- the heat machine is operated by the Rankine cycle, and its heater-steam generator is connected to the high-temperature heat accumulator by means of a gas coolant and is configured to heat the coolant from an electric generator of at least one wind farm;

- the electric grid of the stabilized generator driven by the heat engine and the heating and hot water supply system are communicated with both standby power sources and external consumers of this energy;

- the reserve heat source is made in the form of a fuel burner, according to the heat communicated with the heater of the heat engine, and the output channel of the combustion products of the burner is communicated with a vertical air supply duct of air supply to the wind farm;

- a low-temperature heat accumulator for heat is communicated with a heat pump driven from the generator of the heat engine, which is reported by heat from heat consumers, requiring at their input a temperature higher than the temperature in the low-temperature heat accumulator.

In the figure, a schematic solution of the proposed power supply system is given.

SYSTEM OF ENERGY SUPPORT

An inhabited object, for example a multi-storey building, contains on the roof a wind turbine of type 2 with a turbine 3 and an electric generator 4 connected to an electrical distribution device 5 communicated with an additional free source of energy - a vane wind turbine with an electric generator 7 and electric current-generating solar panels 8 and communicated with Input device 5.

Through the device 5, all the electric generators 4, 7, 8 are connected to the energy storage made in the form of a high-temperature heat accumulator 9 and a low-temperature heat accumulator 10 in this embodiment located around the heat storage 9 to absorb heat transmitted through the insulation 11. The low-temperature heat accumulator 10 is in the form of a sealed A heat-insulated container filled with a heat-accumulating substance liquid, for example water, or solid, for example SiO 2 , BeO, Al 2 O 3 . The same or other substances operable at high temperatures, for example, 800 ° C, are filled with a high-temperature heat accumulator 9 with the possibility of circulating a gas or liquid coolant in it. In the low-temperature heat accumulator 10, a tubular heat exchanger 12, hydraulically connected to the circulation circuit of the heat-transfer fluid, preferably water, pumped by the pump 13 is disposed for supplying or removing heat from it. The water circulation circuit in this heating realization example is connected to a heating and hot water supply system Drawing not shown) of building 1 with the possibility of regulating the flow rate, for example, by a throttle 14; To the heat pump 15 driven by the electric motor 16 and by the heat (cold) communicated by the pipelines 17 to the consumers of the object 1 operating on a coolant with a temperature substantially higher (lower) than the temperature in the low temperature heat storage 10; With an electric heater 18, for example communicating with the device 5; With the condenser-condenser of the heat engine 20, and with the air heaters 21, 21 1 , 21 11 , with the possibility of regulating the heat transmitted to them through the air, for example, by regulating the coolant flow through the chokes 22, 23. The low-temperature heat accumulators, Heat accumulators 9 and / or 10, there may be several, including different operating temperatures, connected respectively to consumers, requiring for their operation a different temperature of the coolant.

The heat machine 20, for example, executed by a Rankine cycle, and advantageously with the possibility of regulating and highly efficient conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy on its shaft (these means are widely known), receives thermal energy by heating the steam generator 24 by circulating the heat transfer gas through a high-temperature The heat accumulator 9 by the blower 25 and the control of the heat flows by the chokes 26 and 27 and the electric heater 28 connected to the device 5.

Air heaters 21 are disposed in thermally insulated to prevent cooling of air in the air supply ducts 29, 30 to the working elements of wind turbines 2 and 31, the electric generators 4 and 32 of which, through the device 5, are connected primarily to the electric heaters 28 and 28 of the high-temperature heat accumulator 9.

The duct 29 is advantageously positioned vertically, and its outlet is located along the axis of the inlet part of the vortex wind farm 2 where a reduced pressure occurs.

The heating of air by the air heaters 21 increases the speed of air movement to the working element of the wind farm, thereby increasing the amount of electricity generated by the high temperature heat accumulator 9 and thus providing a partial return of the thermal energy of the low temperature heat accumulator 10 to the thermal energy of the high temperature heat accumulator 9.

The outlets of the ventilation ducts 33 of the rooms of the building 1 and can be communicated with the air duct 29. An additional turbine with an electric generator can be installed in the upper part of the duct 29 in a manner analogous to that of the elements 31 and 32.

As a duct, it is rational to use a tubular power pole of a blade wind turbine 6.

The heat machine 20 is provided with a stabilized frequency and voltage, kinematically associated with the generator 34, for example 50 Hz and 220/380 V, which is achieved by adjusting the speed of the machine 20, for example, by a throttle 35 and, for example, the excitation current of the generator 34. The heat machine 20 can be Shaft connected to pumps and blowers (gas blowers) of water supply systems, own needs, ventilation, hot water supply, etc. To reduce the size of the installation, its cost and increase the reliability of the system as a whole by reserving its main units.

For example, the gas blower 37 driven by the shaft 36 can be used to transfer heat through the connectors 38 to the external system for consuming high-temperature thermal energy, for example, the heat accumulators of power plants of special mobile machines (thermocarriers) capable of transporting people and goods within a given range of the power supply system or The dislocation of the network of habitats provided with power supply systems of this type. The connectors 38 can also be used to charge the high-temperature heat accumulator 9 from external high-temperature heat sources, for example, in critical or emergency situations or when the system is started.

For backup purposes, the machine 20 may be provided with an additional, for example gas burner heater 39, a combustion product outlet from which can be formed exiting the air duct 29 through the channel 40 to increase the pressure (flow) of air supplied to the turbine 3.

To simplify the electric generators 4, 7, 32 they can be performed in the form of alternating current electric machines connected through the device 5 to the electric heaters 28, 28 1 , 18. With any types of electric generators they can be connected to electric heaters made in the form of a series of electric heaters with various electrical resistances , Connected to the electrical circuit of wind turbine generators as the wind speed and output electric power (voltage) increase, which greatly simplifies the process of controlling the charging by the energy of heat-type accumulators.

For the purpose of starting up the power supply system in question, it can be supplied, for example, with a relatively low power diesel generator required to start the blower 25, the pump 13 and the feed volumetric pump 41 to ensure steam generation in the steam generator and start the heat engine 20 driving the power generator 34, All additional drives of auxiliary needs and all life support systems of the inhabited object as a whole. It is possible to start devices 13, 25 and 41 from the electro-accumulator drive or device 5.

This power supply system works as follows. When the blower 25 is started, the heat accumulator 9 is charged and then when the pump 13 and the low-temperature heat accumulator 10 are started. When the throttle 26 is opened and the feed pump 41 is started, the heat machine 20 is started and a stabilized synchronous generator 34 starts up, from which all auxiliary drives Needs and pumps for pumping water, heat carriers, heat pump 16 and the system for heat and power supply of the habitat. The electric power generated by the sources 2, 6, 8 is sent to the electric heaters 28, 28 1 , and the heat accumulator 9 is charged to the set temperature. With the excess of electricity generated by the sources 2, 6, 8, it is sent to the electric heaters 18 and 18 1 to recharge the heat accumulator 10, and, if necessary, to stabilize the steam parameters at the input of the steam engine 20. The heat accumulator 10 is charged by removing heat from condenser condenser 19 Of the heat machine 20.

When the throttle 14 is opened, the heating and hot water supply system of the habitable object is started, and when the choke 42 is opened, the heat energy from the heat accumulator 10 is supplied to the input of the heat pump 15 and further to its consumer.

In cases where the temperature of the low-temperature heat accumulator 10 reaches its maximum permissible value (for example, in the summer period when the heating system is turned off and the power consumption is high), the excess heat energy is discharged from the low-temperature heat accumulator 10 by means of air heaters 21, 21 1 , 21 11 , which This simultaneously increases the effective power of the turbines 3, 31, whose generators provide a partial return of the heat energy discharged from the low-temperature heat accumulator 10 into the high-temperature heat accumulator, which is important when the wind speed required for the total energy supply of the habitat is insufficient at this time.

The proposed system of power supply in comparison with the prototype has the following advantages:

- Increases the total energy produced by windmills, since wind energy is used at any low speeds sufficient for the rotation of electric generators;

- the reliability of wind turbines is increased and their cost is reduced by reducing the requirements for the parameters of the electric current produced by them and simplifying the electric generators themselves;

- complete environmental safety of the energy storage unit is ensured with a substantial increase in the life of the unit and a reduction in the cost of maintenance of the unit as compared to the existing types of electric accumulators;

- the power consumption of thermal accumulators can be achieved technically simply, which allows to store any required amount of energy sufficient to ensure stable uninterrupted operation of the system even during periods of long-term absence of wind;

- it is possible to use this system for already existing habitable facilities with traditional heat and power supply systems and with widely used industrial and domestic equipment;

- technically simple and reliable it is possible to exchange heat and electric energy flows with external energy consumers and external sources, which increases the reliability of the life support system in emergency and critical situations;

- обеспечивается возможность надежного энергообеспечения автономных объектов проживания, промышленных и сельскохозяйственных удаленных от централизованного энергоснабжения предприятий, обладающих высокой неравномерностью потребления электрической и тепловой энергии;

- при развитии данной системы энергообеспечения возможно применение экологически безопасных мобильных машин с теплоаккумуляторной силовой установкой, способных решить задачу перевозки людей и грузов в зоне действия жилых и промышленных объектов с данными системами энергообеспечения, базирующимися на использовании теплоаккумуляторов и даровых источников энергии.

Дополнительным положительным свойством данной системы энергообеспечения является возможность передачи тепловой энергии из низкотемпературного теплоаккумулятора в высокотемпературный теплоаккумулятор посредством используемых ветроустановок, что существенно повышает эффективную выходную мощность вырабатываемой (посредством тепловой энергии, запасенной как в низкотемпературном, так и в высокотемпературном теплоаккумуляторах) стабилизированной по частоте и напряжению электроэнергии, идущей на электроснабжение объекта обитания.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Техническая документация на космическую станцию “МИР” - аналог.

2. Серебряков Р.А., Бирюк В.В. Вихревая ветроэнергетическая установка // Ракетно-космическая техника. Сер.ХII. Самара, 2000, с.48-73 – прототип.

CLAIM

1. Система энергообеспечения обитаемых объектов за счет энергии солнца и ветра, например, зданий, содержащая, по меньшей мере, одну ветровую установку с электрогенератором, электрически связанным с энергоаккумулятором, сообщенным с потребителем этой энергии, отличающаяся тем, что энергоаккумулятор выполнен в виде по меньшей мере двух тепловых аккумуляторов - высокотемпературного и низкотемпературного, высокотемпературный теплоаккумулятор сообщен по теплу с нагревателем, приводящим, по меньшей мере, электрогенератор стабилизированной частоты и напряжения тепловой машины, холодильник которой по теплу сообщен с низкотемпературным теплоаккумулятором, который по теплу сообщен с системой отопления и горячего водоснабжения обитаемого объекта с возможностью регулирования передаваемой тепловой энергии, а и с подогревателем воздуха, поступающего на вход, по меньшей мере, одной ветроустановки, электрогенератор которой сообщен с электронагревателем теплоносителя высокотемпературного теплоаккумулятора с возможностью регулирования передаваемой в воздухоподогреватель тепловой энергии.

2. Система энергообеспечения по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что, по меньшей мере, одна ветроустановка выполнена вихревого типа, по оси входной части которой расположен выход вертикального воздухопровода, в нижней части которого расположен воздухоподогреватель, сообщенный по теплу с низкотемпературным теплоаккумулятором.

3. Система энергообеспечения по п.2, отличающаяся тем, что вертикальный воздуховод сообщен с выходами вентиляционной системы обитаемого объекта.

4. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the air heater is installed in the lower part of the vertical duct, in the upper part of which there is an air turbine rotor blade with an electric generator, and the air duct itself is made in the form of a power tubular stanchion of the blade wind turbine.

5. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the low-temperature heat accumulator is in the form of a sealed heat-insulated volume filled with a liquid coolant, for example water.

6. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the low-temperature heat accumulator is made in the form of a heat-insulated volume filled with a solid, for example SiO 2 , inside which is a tubular heat exchanger for heat removal / supply by circulation of the heat-transfer fluid.

7. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-temperature heat accumulator is located inside the low-temperature heat accumulator.

8. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the heat machine is operated by the Rankine cycle, and its heater-steam generator is connected to the high-temperature heat accumulator by means of a gas coolant and is adapted to heat the heat carrier from the power generator, One wind farm.

9. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the electric grid of the stabilized driven heat generator of the power generator and the heating and hot water supply system are communicated with both standby power sources and with external consumers of this energy.

10. The power supply system according to claim 9, characterized in that the standby heat source is in the form of a fuel burner for the heat communicated with the heater of the heat engine, and the output channel of the combustion products of the burner is communicated with the vertical air supply duct of the air supply to the wind farm.

11. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the low-temperature heat accumulator is communicated by heat from the heat pump driven by the electric generator of the heat engine, according to the heat communicated with heat consumers, requiring at its input a temperature higher than the temperature of the low-temperature heat accumulator

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Published on February 14, 2007