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NON-TRADITIONAL DEVICES AND METHODS OF OBTAINING ELECTRIC ENERGY
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2277744

DEVICE FOR ACTIVE LIGHT-PROTECTION AND SELECTION OF ENERGY OF LIGHTNING

DEVICE FOR ACTIVE LIGHT-PROTECTION AND SELECTION OF ENERGY OF LIGHTNING

The name of the inventor: Shpiganovich Alexander Nikolaevich (RU); Sviridov Pavel Nikolaevich
The name of the patent holder: LIPETSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (LSTU)
Address for correspondence: 398600, Lipetsk, ul. Moscow, 30, LSTU NIS
The effective date of the patent: 2004.02.26

The invention relates to the electric power industry, in particular to the technology of protecting objects from atmospheric overvoltages and the technique of obtaining electric energy by alternative methods. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: as a lightning collector, a vertical conductor insulated from the ground is used, a tube inside which a thick-walled dielectric cup is inserted downwardly so that the upper part of the pipe rises above the edges of the glass. A grounded conductive coating is applied to the inner surface of the glass walls. The lightning-tube is electrically connected to one end of the primary winding of the transformer, the other end of which is grounded. The inductance of the primary winding and the capacitance formed by the conductive tube, the walls of the cup and the current-carrying coating form a parallel oscillatory circuit. The lightning discharge to the lightning-tube is triggered by an extended optical breakdown, which is formed by a Bessel beam of a pulsed infrared laser. The configuration and direction of the heating beam forms a controlled dichroic mirror located inside the glass. This mirror simultaneously operates as part of the system of optical scanning of the atmosphere, which is necessary for detecting zones with critical voltage gradients in the lower part of thunderstorms with a known method of optical detection. The energy taken from the secondary winding of the transformer is used to power all systems of the device, and some of it can be transmitted to consumers. The invention makes it possible to increase the reliability of lightning protection and the area of ​​the protected area, while also enabling the generation of electrical energy as a result of its removal from the lightning discharge channels diverted to the conductive tube.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the electric power industry, in particular to the technology of protecting objects from atmospheric overvoltages and the technique of obtaining electric energy by alternative methods.

A device is known in which a vertical metal antenna-pin, mounted on a flexible cable centrally within a conical spiral spring of insulating material, is swinged by compression and stretching of the spring. At the same time, the lower end of the cable-reduction cable is grounded via a flexible additional cable through the winding of the transformer, on whose secondary winding an electric oscillatory circuit is created, and this energy is used for transmission to consumers (RU 96122019, IPC No. 02 H 003/22, publication date 10.01.1999 G). The device is taken as a prototype of an active lightning protection device and a selection of lightning energy. The first drawback of the prototype is that no matter how long the antenna-pin is (and its length is limited), the protection zone is localized around the device and has dimensions not much exceeding the protection zone of a static rod lightning rod of the same height. In this case, there is no need at all to swing the lightning receptacle - it is enough to fix several identical poles with the lower ends at a single point so that their upper ends part like a panicle. The second drawback is that the energy of the lightning discharge is diverted to the inductance - the primary winding of the transformer, and the oscillatory circuit is arranged on the secondary winding of this transformer. As a result, when the lightning is discharged, its shock current will flow along the primary winding of the transformer and generate in it a pulse in the form of a spectrum of electromagnetic oscillations of all possible frequencies. The oscillatory circuit, created on the secondary winding, isolates from this spectrum only the resonance frequency. The efficiency of such a conversion is low.

A device is also known based on the method according to which a grounded rod is placed vertically, and an ultraviolet laser (or other ionizing air source) is additionally used, the beam of which is guided along the grounded rod vertically to the upper layers of the atmosphere, thereby creating a conductive strip of ionized Gases, which serves as a conductor for the passage of lightning into the rod, where it is neutralized by grounding (RU 2000125979, IPC H 02 H 003/22, publication date 10.09.2002). The first drawback of this device is that the rod is dull, grounded, and the energy of the lightning discharge is not used at all. The second disadvantage is the use of a laser of the ultraviolet part of the spectrum and the unreasonably high energy expenditure associated with initiating optical breakdown.

Significant features that distinguish the device of active lightning protection and take lightning energy from a prototype are as follows. As a lightning collector, a vertically arranged conductive cylindrical tube is used, into which a cylindrical thick-walled glass of dielectric material with a large relative permittivity is firmly inserted from below to the level of the inner surface of the bottom so that the upper part of the pipe rises above the edges of the glass. A grounded conductive coating is applied to the inner surface of the glass walls from the bottom to a certain level. The inner surface of the walls of the cup remaining free from the conductive coating to avoid closing the lightning current from the conductive tube to the coating is made by corrugated horizontal circumferential grooves and protrusions. The conductive pipe is insulated from the ground and electrically connected to one end of the primary winding of the transformer, the other end of which is grounded. The capacitance of the conductive tube and the conductive coating together with the side wall of the cup enclosed between them and the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer form a parallel oscillatory circuit. At the level of grounded conductive coating inside the glass, the geometric center on its axis of rotation is a dichroic controlled mirror, the normal axis of the reflecting surface of which forms a freely variable acute angle with the rotational axis of the glass. At least two lasers are fixed to the mirror opposite the mirror, one of which is necessary for the formation of an extended optical breakdown by a Bessel beam, preferably the infrared part of the spectrum, and the other for illumination of the atmosphere in the system of optical scanning of the atmosphere for the presence of charge accumulation zones, so that the coaxial heating and The scanning rays respectively fell into the geometric center of the mirror and reflected upward. In this case, the axis of reflected rays, when the angle between the mirror's normal and the axis of rotation of the glass changes, can freely describe the correct inverted cone with a vertex in the geometric center of the mirror, touching its side surface of the inner circle of the upper end of the current-carrying tube. The secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the rectifier, the output of which is shunted by a capacitor bank, which is connected in parallel with the battery by means of a current converter made in accordance with one of the well-known circuits. The latter is connected to the power system, which supplies part of the energy to all systems of the device. The rest of the energy of the battery can be used for transmission to consumers.

DEVICE FOR ACTIVE LIGHT-PROTECTION AND SELECTION OF ENERGY OF LIGHTNING DEVICE FOR ACTIVE LIGHT-PROTECTION AND SELECTION OF ENERGY OF LIGHTNING

The following elements are present in the active lightning protection and lightning energy absorption device (hereinafter referred to as devices) (FIG. 1). The system for static monitoring of the electric field strength in air 1, which is always on and operates in the standby mode for a signal, is designed to start the device if the voltage gradient module at two points in the air on the vertical path exceeds a certain critical value indicating an increased Accumulation of electric charges in the lower layers of clouds. The control system (SS) is designed to switch on all systems of the device by a signal from the system 1. Pulse laser 2 (it can be an Nd laser) that operates in the near or middle IR range and has one of the well-known vortex wave front formation systems Light wave, forms a beam of a Bessel profile of sufficient power to create an extended optical breakdown. The laser 3 (for example, a soldered CO 2 laser) is designed to illuminate the atmosphere and, in conjunction with a controlled dichroic mirror 4, the SS and at least one optical radiation receiver 5 is part of the optical scanning system of the atmosphere. The optical scanning system of the atmosphere is necessary to detect the critical location of critical voltage gradients in the lower layers of thunderstorm clouds (based, for example, on the Kerr effect), by a well-known method of optical detection. Boundaries of areas of critical charge accumulation, and operates on a signal. To power all systems of the device, a power system is used in conjunction with a switchgear (SPD). The lightning collector is a metal pipe 6 electrically connected to one end of the primary winding of the transformer T, the other end of which is grounded. The use of a tube as a lightning detector makes it possible to reduce the probability of lightning penetration to the mirror 4 to the greatest extent. A cylindrical thick-walled glass 7 with an internal diameter D of a material with a large dielectric constant is firmly inserted into the tube 6 from below to the level of the inner surface of the bottom And the thickness of the side wall d so that the upper part of the pipe rises above the edges of the glass. On the inner surface of the glass walls, from the bottom to the level l, a grounded metal coating 8 is applied. In order to avoid overlapping by the lightning bolt of the gap between the inner surface of the pipe 6 and the grounded coating 8, the inner surface of the walls of the cup remaining free from the coating 8 is corrugated by horizontal circumferential grooves and Protuberances 9. In order to avoid the direct closure of the lightning current from the outer surface of the pipe 6 to the ground, bypassing the primary winding of the transformer T, the pipe 6 is insulated from the ground, for example by placing it together with the protruding bottom of the cup 7 in a beaker 10 of dielectric material. In the bottom of the glasses 7 and 10, a through channel is provided to connect the ground to the metal cover 8, and also the supply of the supply and signal cables to the blocks inside. Mirror 4 is used both in the optical scanning system of the atmosphere and for controlling the configuration and direction of the laser radiation 2. Since the energy of the laser radiation pulse 2 is of the order of 10 3 J and is concentrated in a narrow beam, the mirror 4 must not receive absolutely any Pollution, including water droplets or other atmospheric precipitation. For this purpose, a system of nozzles 11 is provided which are designed to create a sufficiently rapid horizontal air flow over the reflecting surface of the mirror 4, moving laminarly, having an ambient air temperature, and thereby introducing the least possible distortions in the configuration of the reflected radiation from the mirror. Elements 12, 13, CT (current converter) and 14 are designed for the removal and accumulation of energy taken away from the lightning channel.

The technical result of the device consists in increasing the effectiveness of protection against thunderstorm activity in the ideal case within the horizon overlapped by extended optical breakdown and in obtaining electric energy as a result of its removal from the lightning discharge channels discharged to the conductive tube. At the same time, part of the received electric energy is used for powering lasers and other systems, as a result of which the device can provide the entire season of thunderstorm activity with electricity, that is, completely autonomous work is possible. In the case of operating the device in geographic areas where the thunderstorm activity is the highest, it is possible to operate it in the power plant mode.

The device operates as follows (FIG. 2). When the voltage gradient module is exceeded at two points in the air on a vertical path of a certain critical value indicating an increased accumulation of electric charges on the lower cloud boundary, the static control system of the electric field in air 1 sends a trigger signal (the transparent arrows in Fig. 2 show the directions of the signals , Dark arrows - the direction of power) control system SU. In this case, the EA includes all other systems of the device. As a source of atmospheric illumination, a sealed CO 2 laser 3 can be used in the system of optical scanning of the atmosphere, the weakly converging beam at the output of which is polarized in a known manner. Lasers 2 and 3 are aligned so that the beams generated by them have close parallel axes. The laser 3 operates all the time, for example, in the pulse-periodic mode, while the laser 2 is inactive and emits a pulse only at the signal from the SS. The probing radiation 15 of the laser 3, passing deep into the lower layers 16 of thunderstorm clouds, reflects from them and dissipates. In this case, the controlled mirror 4 is in motion, directing the probing radiation 15 of the laser 3 to different points of the lower layers of the clouds. The algorithm for controlling the mirror can be any, but it is important, that (in the case of using one scanning laser 3), the probing beam 15, as a result of the movement of the mirror, covers as much of the area as possible in a fairly short time. The optical radiation receiver 5, equipped with a polariscope, detects known changes in the polarization of the reflected probing radiation, 17 resulting from the scattering of the probing beam 15 at the boundaries of the charge accumulation zones of the 18 lower layers of thunderstorm clouds. As soon as the receiver 5 fixes the polarization change of the reflected probing radiation corresponding to the zone of the critical charge accumulation, it sends a signal to the control system of the SS. At this moment, the EA sends a signal for generation to the laser 2 and stops (or suspends) the movement of the mirror 4 for a short period of time sufficient to generate the pulse by the laser 2. As a result, the laser pulse 2 reflected by the mirror 4 is sent in the same direction in Which detected a zone of accumulation of the critical electric charge 18. An optical breakdown along the path of the laser beam 19 initiates the appearance of a streamer between the charge accumulation zone 18 and the upper part of the metal tube 6. This causes the lightning current 20 to flow through the circuit: earth-metal coating 8-metal tube 6 - the atmospheric path - a cloud 16, which in turn induces a damped oscillation process between the charged capacitance formed by the coating 8, the glass 7 and the pipe 6, and the primary winding of the transformer T connected in parallel thereto. That is, the shock excitation of the vibrational circuit occurs. In this case, at the moment of discharge of capacitance to the winding I of the transformer T, it is possible to charge it with the current of the lightning channel 20, which has not yet lost its conductivity (Fig. 2). This requires that the natural frequency of a given parallel loop be sufficiently large. 1, through the structural and electrical parameters of the elements of the device in the simplest case, it is equal to

Where 0 is the resonance frequency of the circuit;

C is the capacitance formed by the conductive coating 8, the side wall of the cup 7 and the conductive tube 6;

L - inductance of the primary winding of the transformer T;

D - internal diameter of the glass 7;

D is the thickness of the side wall of the cup 7;

- relative dielectric constant of the material of the glass;

L - height of grounded conductive coating 8.

The radio pulse induced in the winding II of the transformer T (FIG. 2) is rectified by a full-wave rectifier 12 and fed to a capacitor bank 13 where an instantaneous accumulation of the extracted energy takes place, whereupon a smooth pick-up is made using a CT current converter, Accumulated energy for charging the battery 14 for the purpose of subsequently transferring its part to the SPU. The rest of the energy can be transferred to consumers. During operation of the device, the nozzles 11 must work, creating a horizontal laminar airflow above the reflecting surface of the mirror 4.

CLAIM

1. A lightning protection and lightning energy stripping device comprising a lightning receptacle grounded through a transformer winding, characterized in that the lightning receptacle is a vertically arranged conductive cylindrical tube into which a cylindrical thick-walled glass of a dielectric material with a large relative dielectric Permeability so that the upper part of the pipe rises above its edges, while the inner surface of the glass walls is bottomed from the bottom level to a level lower than the wall height, and the remaining inner surface of the cup walls is corrugated by horizontal circumferential grooves And protrusions, the conductive tube is insulated from the ground and electrically connected to one end of the primary winding of the transformer, the other end of which is grounded; at the level of the grounded conductive coating, a dichroic controlled mirror is located at the axis of rotation of the glass; the normal axis of the reflecting surface forms a freely variable acute angle with Axis of rotation of the glass, at least two lasers are fixed to the mirror, one of which is necessary for the formation of an extended optical breakdown, and the other for illumination of the atmosphere in the system of optical scanning of the atmosphere for the presence of zones of accumulation of charges so that the coaxial heating and scanning rays emitted by them, respectively, In the geometrical center of the mirror and reflected upward, while the common axis of the reflected rays with a change in the angle between the normal of the reflecting surface of the mirror and the axis of rotation of the glass can freely describe the correct inverted cone with the vertex in the geometric center of the mirror and touching the lateral surface of the inner circumference of the upper end of the conductive tube, The lowering winding of the transformer is connected to the rectifier, the output of which is shunted by a capacitor bank, which is connected via a current converter made in accordance with one of the well-known circuits in parallel with the battery, the latter is connected to a power system intended for supplying a part of the battery energy to all systems of the device.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that above the dichroic controlled mirror there are nozzles on the sides that can create a column of air above the reflecting surface of the mirror, which moves laminarly in the horizontal direction and has an ambient air temperature.

print version
Published on February 15, 2007