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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2124821

DEVICE FOR THE USE OF ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY BOGDANOVA - ATMOSPHERIC POWER PLANT OF FLIGHTING EQUIPMENT AND SPACE SHIPS

The name of the inventor: Bogdanov Igor Glebovich
The name of the patent holder: Bogdanov Igor Glebovich
Address for correspondence: 111402 Moscow, ul.Stary Gai 6-1-151, Bogdanov IG
Date of commencement of the patent: 1996.09.23

The invention relates to the use of atmospheric electricity. The technical result is an increase in the amount of energy accumulated by the device, and enabling aircraft and spacecraft to be charged with energy directly in flight in the atmosphere. The device for using atmospheric electricity comprises a capacitor, a current collector-rectifier, an energy storage device, a storage system for the storage device, two current collectors, one of which is electrically connected to one capacitor plate and the other to the other. A device for creating a conductive channel in the atmosphere, configured to create a conductive channel in an atmosphere electrically in contact with the current collector, is arranged near the susceptor. The device is located on an aircraft.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the use of atmospheric electricity and can be used to energize aircrafts and spacecraft during flights in planetary atmospheres with atmospheric electricity and with thunderstorm activity, for example, Earth and Jupiter. The invention and can be used in power engineering on Earth as a power plant.

A chemical rocket engine is known [1], in which the chemical energy of interaction of fuel components is used to create thrust. The disadvantage of this device is the inability to replenish the energy reserves required for space flight after the launch of the aircraft.

A nuclear rocket engine is known [1], in which nuclear power is used to create thrust. The disadvantage of this device is radiation and the inability to replenish the reserves of working fluid and energy required for space flight after the launch of the aircraft.

Bogdanov's electric propulsion engine [2] is known, in which the energy accumulated in a superconducting solenoid is mainly used to create thrust, and the ionized gas of the atmosphere accelerated by electromagnetic fields acts as a working medium. The disadvantage of this engine is the inability to replenish the energy reserves required for the flight, after the launch.

The device for receiving, transmitting and accumulating atmospheric electricity is known [3], which includes a current collector of atmospheric electricity in the form of a rod connected to a current lead attached to the support and connected to the accumulator and the load. The device catches lightning strikes on the rod and transmits the lightning current to the drive. The disadvantage of this device is that the device passively waits for the moment when the thunderstorm passes over the location of the device, and the lightning strikes precisely in the current collector. Therefore, the device takes a small amount of lightning and accumulates a small amount of electricity.

A device for the use of atmospheric electricity is known [4], which contains a current collector, a capacitor, a transformer and a spark gap. The disadvantage of this device is obtaining only vibrational discharges, and a small amount of energy of atmospheric electricity, which uses the device, as it passively waits for the arrival of a thunderstorm at its location.

The task ahead of the invention is to increase the amount of energy stored by the device and to allow aircraft and spacecraft to be charged with energy directly in flight in the atmosphere.

This object is achieved in that the device for using atmospheric electricity, comprising a capacitor, a current collector, is further provided with an aircraft, a rectifier, an energy storage device, a storage system for the accumulator, and comprises at least two current collectors, one of which is electrically connected via a rectifier to one capacitor plate, And the second on the other, and a device for creating a conductive channel in the atmosphere is arranged near the current collector, configured to create a conductive channel in an atmosphere that is electrically in contact with the current collector. The device for creating a conduit in the atmosphere contains a device that fires bullets or projectiles. The bullets and projectiles are tracer and covered with a material containing a substance with an ionization potential of less than 5.5 eV. A conductive wire is connected to bullets or projectiles, designed to be unwound during the movement of a bullet or projectile, electrically connected to a current collector. Bullets or shells are filled inside with combustible material with the possibility of combustion and exit of combustion products through the tail of the bullet or projectile. The head of the bullet or projectile is covered with a material with an output function of less than 3.6 eV. The device for creating a conducting channel in the atmosphere is provided with a source of ionizing radiation. The device that fires bullets or shells, contains a firearm. A device that fires bullets or projectiles contains an electromagnetic accelerator of bullets or projectiles. The energy storage device is made in the form of a superconducting solenoid. The device for creating a conducting channel in the atmosphere is equipped with a free electron laser. Bullets or projectiles contain a material capable of entering into plasma-chemical reactions with the air components to form particles. Bullets or shells are filled from the inside with combustible material, into which atoms of alkali metal are injected. Inside the bullet or projectile are fuel and oxidizer.

Such a constructive solution allows the device for using atmospheric electricity of Bogdanov's atmospheric power plant of aircraft and spacecraft (hereinafter simply "device") to significantly increase the amount of energy stored by the device due to the fact that atmospheric electricity in the form of lightning and other discharges (quiet) Is collected by it and stored by a capacitor and energy storage device from a large area where there is increased thunderstorm activity, and not only at one point, as it was in other devices. The device moves in the atmosphere in search of thunderstorms and, reaching a thunderstorm cell, begins actively calling for lightning discharges, creating in the cloud conducting channels through which lightning and quiet discharges carry electricity and charge both plates of the condenser. The capacitor is charged, the energy is converted by the storage system of the storage device and stored in the energy storage device, and then used either for the flight of an aircraft or a spacecraft or transmitted to Earth and used in a manner analogous to that of a ground power plant.

No technical solutions have been found that solve the task posed by analogous technical means.

	The condenser 1 is connected to an aircraft 2, which is either a Bogdanov electric engine [2] or an engine with a new physical principle [5], or any other known apparatus capable of flying in a thunderstorm cloud. The capacitor is located inside the aircraft and is connected to the devices for creating a conducting channel in atmosphere 3 and 4, the upper one of which (3) is connected to the upper plate of the condenser, and the lower one (4) - to the lower plate. The device for creating a conductive channel in the atmosphere is configured to create an electrical channel in an atmosphere electrically in contact with the current collector 5 or 6, one current collector, for example a susceptor 5, electrically connected through a rectifier 7 to the upper plate of the capacitor, and the second current collector 6 is electrically connected through a rectifier 8 with the lower plate of the condenser. The capacitor plates are electrically connected to the storage system of the accumulator 9, which uses a device that converts the energy stored in the capacitor into energy stored in the energy store 10, which is made as a superconducting solenoid. A device that creates a conductive channel in the atmosphere can be made in several forms. The simplest and most effective variant of carrying out and placing of them is a variant with a device that fires bullets or projectiles, a schematic diagram of which with a bullet or projectile is shown in FIG. 2.
In Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device.
	A bullet or projectile 11 is housed in a sleeve 12 mounted on the current collector 13. The sleeve is fixed in a stable position by the clamps 14, 15. The current collector and clamps are mounted on the body 16 of the aircraft. The bottom of the cartridge case (its lower part) is pressed against the current collector, electrically contacting it. The spring 17 is connected to the bottom of the sleeve, a wire 18 is attached to the spring, which is folded inside the sleeve into the coils 19, 20. Powder charges 21, 22 are arranged inside the sleeve so that they separate the bottom of the liner from the bottom coil of the wire and all the coils of wire from friend. The upper powder charge 23 is placed between the bullet and the upper coil of the wire 24. In the lower part of the bullet or projectile there are fuel 25 and oxidizer 26. On the upper part of the bullet surface there is a tracer 27, in the lower part of the sleeve - ignition electrodes 28, 29, insulated from insulated sleeves 30, 31 and electrically in contact with the clamps 14, 15. Near the bullet, the wire 18 is connected to two wires 32, 33 wound into separate coils which are already directly connected to the bullet or projectile. Wire 18, 33, 34, bullet (shell), the spring and current collector are electrically connected. The shell of the bullet (projectile), wire, spring and current collector are made of conductive materials. The lengths of the wires 32, 33 are equal to an accuracy of 0.1 mm, are determined by the length of the torch from the combustion of the fuel, exceeding it by approximately 2 times. In the upper and lower part of the aircraft, there is one device that fires bullets or projectiles. It is placed inside the streamlined hood with the ability to quickly rotate with it around the axis and change the angle of fire. Near the outlet openings of the trunks there may be exposed areas of additional current collectors that have spikes and are made of refractory material with a small work function, for example, less than 3.6 eV, for example, from tungsten with injected cesium. Bullets or projectiles are used to which a conductive wire is connected, capable of being unwound when the bullet or projectile is in flight, the second end of which is electrically connected to the current collector. Similar devices are known and used to initiate lightning (for a missile with a wire attached to it).

In another embodiment, tracer bullets coated with a tracer with a high combustion temperature are used, for example, about 3000 ^° C, for example, a termite into which atoms of a material with a low ionization potential, for example, alkali metals, for example cesium, are injected. Bullets inside can be hollow and filled with the same tracer of the same composition. The initial speed of the bullet or projectile is determined by the strength of the wire.

Other variants of the device creating a conductive channel in the atmosphere. Instead of the device described above, which fires bullets or projectiles, the device can contain any other device that fires bullets or projectiles. This can be a firearm, for example a machine gun, or an electromagnetic accelerator of bullets or projectiles, for example a rail accelerator. Bullets or projectiles can be made hollow and within them there can be fuel and oxidizer, made with the possibility of burning fuel and creating when burning reactive thrust. The device may contain an ionizing radiation source, for example a charged particle accelerator, for example a microtron in the upper part of an aircraft or a cyclotron with isochronous gaskets at the bottom. A laser with free electrons, for example, a hard x-ray range, can be used as a source of narrowly focused ionizing radiation. A powerful microwave generator can be used as a source of ionizing radiation. In the last two cases, the wavelength is chosen empirically by the experimental method, the most optimal for a given altitude and given air humidity. Here the broadest prospects are given by a free-electron laser, since for various devices the radiation range varies very widely from 1 cm to hard x-ray.

In the electromagnetic accelerator of bullets or shells bullets or shells of material can be used with the possibility of entering with the air components during heating into plasma-chemical reactions with the formation of dispersed particles. For example, coating bullets or projectiles can be made of boron, and in the heart of bullets or shells, boron enters as a component or additive to high-melting material, for example tungsten.

The device for creating a conductive channel in the atmosphere may contain a dispersed particle accelerator. The requirement for a particulate material is such that when a dispersed particle is destroyed and evaporated during heating, a part of the dispersed particle material must be able to enter with the air components into a plasma-chemical reaction with the formation of any dispersed particles. The accelerator, for example, may comprise a plasma chemical reactor and a plasma accelerator.

A device that fires bullets or projectiles may contain firearms installed first at the entrance first, and then an electromagnetic accelerator of bullets or projectiles, for example rail, closer to the exit, with the possibility of stage-by-stage acceleration of the bullet or projectile, first only by the energy of the powder gases, and then also by the electromagnetic energy In the accelerator.

A device that fires bullets or projectiles may contain at least one pair of parallel barrels designed to synchronously fire bullets or projectiles along parallel trajectories and synchronously change the angle of fire with the possibility of creating a potential difference between the outlets of the trunks. The distance between the trunks is about 10 m. The head part of the bullet or projectile contains a substance with a small work function, for example, less than 3.6 eV, for example tungsten with injected cesium.

Instead of a capacitor, a capacitor bank can be used with the ability to store about 10 ⁹ J of energy.

The rectifier is made in the form of a high-current diode with a large surface through which the current flows. For example, a semiconductor structure with a p / n junction is made on the capacitor plate, the area of ​​which coincides with the area of ​​the electrode on which a metal coating is electrically connected to the current collector.

The drive storage system can be implemented in two ways. The first variant is known and used for solenoid feeding [6]. This power system includes an energy converter, current leads and a heater. The second variant is an invention of the author, information about which is available in [7]. The power supply system comprises a power converter and a series of electromagnetic radiation generators, for example a powerful VHF generator with a radiation wavelength of about 1 m, a parabolic antenna, a Bogdanov auto-electromagnetic modulator, and a waveguide for VHF radiation, on walls or inside which there are sections of the surface of a superconducting solenoid , Which is an energy store. The Bogdanov auto-electromagnetic modulator (hereafter simply the "modulator") contains a polarizer, an external capacitor between the plates of which the axis of propagation of electromagnetic radiation passes and conductive plates on whose surfaces facing to one of the plates emissive cathodes are made. The distance between the plates is much less than the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation, for example, 30 μm, which uses VHF emitter radiation. Instead of a waveguide, a resonator of electromagnetic radiation can be installed, inside which an electromagnetic radiation generator and a modulator are installed. The modulator is mounted near one of the mirrors on which the solenoid winding site is made.

The device can be equipped with a system for transferring energy to Earth, for example, by a directional microwave radiator.

DEVICE WORKS AS FOLLOWING

Condenser 1 on aircraft 2 rises into the air, moves to a thundercloud and flies into a thunder cell. The upper device for creating a conductive channel in atmosphere 3 ionizes the air along one line in the upper half-plane above the condenser, and the lower device 4 ionizes air along one line in the lower half-plane under the condenser, thus creating two conducting channels in the atmosphere. The upper and lower part of the thunderstorm cloud is charged with electric charges of different signs, there is a powerful electric field between them, therefore, two electric discharges pass through conducting channels created in the atmosphere, carrying electric charges of different sign to the current collectors 5 and 6, and accordingly through them Rectifiers 7 and 8 and on the opposite plates of the capacitor. The capacitor is charging.

During the discharge of lightning on the current collector on its bare areas there is a corona discharge, changing into a streamer, the streamer moves towards the discharge of lightning. Discharges occur, and the electric current is transferred to the current collector. Rectifiers need to ensure that the returnable streamer does not carry charge from the capacitor to the atmosphere. They pass the current only in the right direction for charging the capacitor and do not pass through the opposite direction. The storage system of the accumulator 9 converts the energy of the capacitor and sends it to the energy store 10, feeding it with energy. This is repeated several times until all the electrical energy of the thunderstorm cell is transferred to the accumulator. After that, the aircraft flies into another thunder cell of the cloud, and everything repeats until the device does not fly through all the thundercloud clouds. After that, a request is sent to the meteorological satellite, and it gives the coordinates of the nearest section of thunderstorm activity. The aircraft goes there, and everything repeats.

DESCRIPTION OF WORK OF SELECTED ELEMENTS

Conductive channel in the atmosphere. The device for creating a conducting channel in the atmosphere is created in several ways. The simplest of them is the following. Bullets or projectiles are fired into the atmosphere, to which conductive wire is attached. In the flight of a bullet (projectile), the wire unwinds and forms a conducting channel in the atmosphere. The wire is in the electric field of a thunderstorm cloud, and an electric current flows through it. As the wire is unwound, the current increases, the potential difference between the bullet (projectile) and the device increases. Charges flow from the cloud to the pool and flow to the device, charging the capacitor. More intensively, the process occurs if lightning strikes the conducting channel.

Let's describe in more detail the operation of a device that fires bullets or projectiles, depicted in FIG. 2.

The device that fires bullets or projectiles works as follows.

Through clamps 14, 15, a powerful electric pulse is applied to the ignition electrodes 28, 29 from the aircraft body 16, which ignites and detonates one of the powder charges 21, 22, and together with it all other powder charges 21, 22. Powder gases from explosions are pressurized Onto the wire 18, forcing it to be gradually unwound from the coils of wire 19, 20 formed by it. The upper powder charge 23 is exploded and ignites the fuel 25 inside a bullet or projectile that burns using an oxidizer 26. Powder gases and gases from the combustion of fuel push a bullet or projectile from 12. Cables of wire in flight continue to unwind. The spring 17 is stretched and does not allow the wire to rupture, damping the force exerted on it from the sleeve. Insulators 30,31 isolate ignition electrodes from the sleeve. The power of each individual powder charge is selected such that the tensile forces acting on each individual extreme portion of the wire in each of the coils are minimal. The second condition is that the velocities of the wires emanating from the bushing are approximately the same. In the flight of a bullet or projectile, the tracer 27 burns, heats the air and throws into it the ions of atoms with a small ionization potential. An electrical potential is supplied to the current collector 13, under the action of which electric charges of the same sign and electric forces of mutual repulsion arise on the wires 32, 33. The wires depart in different directions, and the torch of combustion of the fuel of the bullet or projectile heats them weakly. When the bullet (missile) flies a considerable distance, the bullet (shell) and the wire will begin to flow atmospheric electricity, and from the wires through the spring to the current collector. You can count the work of a device that fires bullets or projectiles, the work of a source of ionizing radiation. For example, a bullet or projectile with a wire attached to them is fired and a stream of ionizing radiation is directed along their trajectory.

A conducting channel in the atmosphere can be created by a stream of ionizing radiation, for example, by a flow of electrons or ions, by the radiation of a powerful microwave source that causes an electric breakdown of the atmosphere gas by the emission of a free-electron laser. The disadvantage of the flow of charged particles in comparison with the emission of a free-electron laser is the large divergence of the beam, the lack of a free electron laser-a small efficiency.

A conducting channel in the atmosphere can be created by a tracer bullet or projectile. The burning coating (tracer) leaves a plasma trace from the combustion products heated to a high temperature, in which there are easily ionizing additives with a low ionization potential, for example, alkali metals. In addition, at a tracer combustion temperature from a termite above 3000 ^° C, air can be markedly ionized. If there is fuel and oxidizer inside the bullet (projectile), then, by burning, they give an additional reactive thrust. This helps to overcome air resistance, increase the range of the bullet (projectile), additionally leading to the heating of the plasma trace and increase its conductivity.

The advantage of using a tracer bullet before the flow of ionizing radiation is the small divergence of the conducting channel and the low heating of the device for creating a conducting channel in the atmosphere, due to the fact that a significant part of the energy for creating a conducting channel is released during the chemical reaction of burning the tracer outside the device. The disadvantage is the low speed of the bullet (projectile) flight, because of which the plasma trace during its (its) flight can be destroyed by the wind before the electric discharge begins.

If bullets or projectiles contain a substance that enters with air components into plasma-chemical reactions with the formation of dispersed particles, then the device that creates a conducting channel in the atmosphere works as follows. The bullet or projectile is accelerated by an electromagnetic accelerator to a supersonic speed, for example, 8 km / s, at which the head of the bullet (projectile) is heated to temperatures at which air components are ionized, for example, above 3000 ^° C. In the atmosphere, a plasma trace Conductive channel. At the same time, part of the surface coating of the bullet (projectile) evaporates, ionizes and enters with the air components into plasma-chemical reactions with the formation of dispersed particles; for example, boron reacts with nitrogen to form boron nitrite in the form of dispersed particles 50 μm in diameter. Dispersed particles move with great speed, ionizing the atmosphere gas. The velocity of dispersed particles is due to the kinetic energy of the bullet (projectile), the evaporating matter of which has kinetic energy of translational motion in the direction of flight of the bullet (projectile). A variant is possible when a bullet or projectile completely burns in the atmosphere due to friction about the air, and dispersed particles continue to move forward in the same direction, with some divergence. At the expense of high speed, they ionize in the collision of the gas molecule of the atmosphere, heating it up to 3000 ^o C and higher. If the velocity of the bullet (projectile) increases significantly above 10 km / s, then in the collision with air, the dispersed particles of the leading edge of the stream will begin to evaporate and ionize themselves. The boron ions in turn will again enter with the nitrogen ions into the plasma chemical reactions and again create dispersed particles flying at high speed in the former flow direction.

In this case, the front-front boron ions lag behind the front, the air components colliding with the dispersed particles are accelerated, their velocity is compared with the velocity of the stagnant boron ions, a plasma-chemical reaction occurs and the formation of dispersed particles is already at a distance from the front. The velocity of the front gradually decreases due to the collisions of dispersed particles with air, is compared with the velocity of the stagnant boron ions, which have already formed new dispersed particles, and these new dispersed particles can already re-ionize the atmosphere gas and form an anterior front. These arguments are valid not only for dispersed particles of the leading edge of the flow, but also for all particles of the flow whose velocity is sufficient for ionizing the atmosphere gas.

It is expected that such a sequence of events evaporation of boron - ionization - plasma chemical reaction - dispersed particle - ionization of atmospheric gas - evaporation of boron and so on accompanies the motion of the flow of dispersed particles until the velocity of the leading front falls so much that in the collision with dispersed particles the gas The atmosphere will cease to ionize.

Dispersed particles of similar composition can be accelerated by an accelerator of dispersed particles. Pre-dispersed particles are created by a plasma chemical reactor and then accelerated together with the plasma in which they were created by known methods of plasma acceleration, for example, by a rail accelerator.

It can be recommended to accelerate bullets (projectiles) and dispersed particles (along with plasma) by an electromagnetic accelerator in a vacuum chamber whose exit window is closed by a thin membrane. Vacuum chambers are made disposable, since a bullet (bullet) or an emitted plasma with dispersed particles make a hole in the membrane, and for each new shot (acceleration of dispersed particles) a new vacuum chamber should be used. It is recommended to use devices with consecutive supply of many vacuum chambers, inside which are placed bullets (projectiles) or components for plasma-chemical reactions.

The advantage of the last two listed options for creating a conducting channel in the atmosphere using dispersed particles in front of the variants using ionizing radiation (except for the free-electron laser) is in the small divergence of the dispersed particles.

All the above methods of creating a conducting channel in the atmosphere can be combined with each other in order to achieve maximum conductivity. For example, the plasma trace left by the tracer bullet can be irradiated with the emission of an ELF radiator. To increase the conductivity, it is very good to irradiate the flame trail with CO ₂ laser radiation, since its radiation is very well absorbed by the air plasma and allows it to be heated to 20,000K.

Bullets or projectiles can be made explosive with the ability to explode at a certain distance from the aircraft. The shell in this case is made of material with the possibility of combustion in air with a high combustion temperature. For example, it is possible to use materials for fireworks or fireworks. A bullet or shell at a certain distance from the aircraft explode, the fragments fly apart and burn, forming divergent conductors in different directions, along which atmospheric electricity flows.

A device that fires bullets or projectiles can fire simultaneously a pair of tracer bullets or projectiles flying parallel in the same direction. (In the sequel, for convenience of exposition, only the pool is mentioned). The tracer, pyrotechnic composition, covers the bullet, and is inside it. In flight, the tracer burns, creating a trace of combustion products in the form of a plasma cord and further dispersing the bullet or projectile, thereby compensating for the loss of kinetic energy to air resistance. The combustion products are heated to 3000 ^° C. The tracer contains atoms of matter with a low ionization potential, less than 5.5 eV, for example, alkali metal atoms that ionize, creating a conductive plasma that stretches in the form of two parallel conductive plasma cords. Bullets are connected to current collectors by wire. A large potential difference, for example 30 kV, is supplied to the current collectors with a distance of about 10 m between the barrels. The voltage across the wires is transmitted to both bullets, and intensive thermionic emission begins at the head of the one that is under the negative potential. The electrons fly out from this bullet, move in the air along the other, ionizing the air. The concentration of electrons and ions in the air increases and the conductivity of the air increases. When the applied voltage pulse ceases to be fed to current collectors, the free-field electrons are affected by the thunder cell field, accelerates them and creates spark discharges, which act as initiators of lightning and quiet discharges, and increase the current in the thunderstorm cell. The duration and power of the supplied pulse are determined by the energy balance of the energy expenditure for the initiation of lightning and quiet discharges and the energy received from them. In the latter case, wire covered with an insulator can be used, so that there is no short circuit when two wires of different bullets (projectiles) come in contact.

A device that fires bullets or projectiles may contain sequentially mounted firearms and an electromagnetic accelerator of bullets or projectiles, for example a rail. In this case, the bullet or projectile first accelerates the powder gases, and then - the electromagnetic fields of the accelerator, for example, the rail.

The storage system operates as follows. The first option has long been known. The section of the coil of the solenoid is heated, goes into a normal state, and a potential difference is fed through the current leads to the section. The current flows through the winding and the solenoid is supplied. After the solenoid is energized, the whole is transferred to the superconducting state. The second option is the author's invention. The electromagnetic radiation of the electromagnetic radiation generator enters the resonator or inside the waveguide. In the resonator, the radiation is reflected from the mirrors and amplified. In this case, the radiation passes through the polarizer and becomes linearly polarized, then passes between the parallel plates of the modulator, heats them, and thermo-electronic emission begins from the surfaces of the emission cathodes. In this case, since emission cathodes are made on the surfaces of conductive strips facing one overlap of an external capacitor, the emission will be intense only for a certain polarity of the electric field of the wave, and for other polarities, the emission electrons will be decelerated by the wave field. At a certain density of emission electrons in the gap between the plates, the electron cloud reflects the electromagnetic wave. In this case, a current flows between the plates of the external capacitor through them between the conducting plates. When the polarity of the field is reversed, the wave between the plates passes. It turns out that the wave modulates itself, while the modulation frequency is equal to the frequency of the wave.

The modulated wave has a fundamental difference from all known types of electromagnetic radiation: it is a linearly polarized wave whose electric field vector is directed strictly one way during one half-period, and its intensity is zero during the other half-period. In other periods, the direction of the electric field vector remains the same.

The modulated wave exits the modulator and enters the winding surface of the superconducting solenoid, which is the energy store. The distance from the output of the modulator to the winding is much less than the wavelength of the radiation. The wave enters the winding always with the electric field vector directed to the same side. This field accelerates the current carriers in the superconductor and feeds the solenoid. In this case, it is completely in the superconducting state. The wave reflected from the superconductor is directed back to the modulator and passes through it into the electromagnetic radiation generator, in which it is scattered by electrons and reradiated back. The wave reflected from the superconductor and the wave coming from the generator in the modulator are mutually weakened, their field is compensated, and therefore the emission cathodes do not practically react to the reflected wave.

Similarly, the solenoid is also energized if the waveguide is used instead of the resonator. On one of its walls is a section of the winding of a superconducting solenoid, near which a modulator is installed at a distance much less than the wavelength. The winding extends along the entire wall of the waveguide. Several modulators are made along the entire wall next to the winding. The radiation is launched into the waveguide. The modulated radiation enters the winding with a certain direction of the electric field of the wave and feeds the solenoid, the reflected radiation returns to the waveguide.

Other variants are possible, described in the application for Bogdanov's invention of a field-based electromagnetic radiation modulator. It is possible to use instruments that determine the direction of the electric field in a thundercloud. One of these devices can have the following appearance: a hermetically sealed capsule made of a dielectric, for example a glass, in which an electric dipole is suspended, for example a dielectric rod, at the ends of which there are oppositely charged metal balls. In the electric field of a thunderstorm cloud, the dipole rotates by current. The position taken by the dipole determines the direction of the field in the thundercloud and the direction in which it is necessary to create a conducting channel in the atmosphere.

Another variant. The outer surface of the aircraft can be covered with corona electrodes, for example, with pins. In the field of a cloud, a current flows from their surface. To the electrodes (points) from the inside of the device, wires with current meters, for example ammeters, are used, according to the indications of which the direction of the field in the cloud and the direction in which it is necessary to create conducting channels in the atmosphere are determined.

Define the efficiency and performance of the device.

One lightning carries an average of 10 ⁹ J of electrical energy on average [8]. In tropical countries, thunderstorms last for several hours, and lightning strikes occur almost every minute (thunder strikes continuously) [9]. There are places on the Earth, for example, near the island of Java, where for a day, looking for storm clouds in the tropics and flying from the thunder cell to the cell, it is possible to call one lightning every 12 hours a day (12 hours go on flights). This theoretically yields 7.2 · 10 ¹² Joules per day.

It is advisable to energize powerful spacecraft with the energy of a drive sufficient for a flight to another planet, to use several small aircraft for flight only in an atmosphere with a storage power of many less. Ten such devices theoretically per day can gain 7.2 × 10 ¹³ J of energy. In the future, they give this energy to the main aircraft for flights in space. Thus, the necessary energy can be dialed for a certain period of time.

The aircraft with such energy, which possesses the Bogdanov electric propulsion system, performed even in a greatly simplified design, for example, only with coaxial plasma accelerators for horizontal acceleration in the atmosphere, can accumulate in the solenoid energy to fly to Venus, Mars and Jupiter, and back and forth . We emphasize that on Jupiter there is a thunderstorm activity, and hence the possibility to re-store energy by means of the device.

In the case of horizontal acceleration in the atmosphere with the help of the Bogdanov electric rocket engine, the device for creating a conducting channel in the atmosphere can work as an ionizer of the atmosphere gas ahead of the course of the aircraft, for example, in front of coaxial electrodes.

To increase the efficiency of the device in a thundercloud, various substances can be sprayed that enhance thunderstorm activity and atmospheric electricity accumulation processes, for example, by accelerating the formation of dispersed ice particles in the atmosphere.

The energy generated by the device can be transmitted to the Earth, for example, by directional microwave radiation and used as energy from a ground-based power plant. And it is possible to transport energy accumulators (solenoids) to the Earth after feeding and take energy from them, directing them back to the atmosphere.

Theoretical average power, developed by the device with the accumulation of energy of the order of 2 · 10 ⁷ W, is the power with which the nature of storm clouds allows to store energy. Restrictions arise from the power storage device. For one solenoid, the washing must be conducted through several sections of the winding. At the same time, the author believes that a device containing the proposed field-emission electromagnetic radiation modulator will be more efficient than the previously used system and allow it to work with such power.

The device gives mankind an environmentally friendly source of energy and can significantly reduce the severity of the oncoming energy crisis, providing the Earth's civilization with an amount of energy comparable in order of magnitude to its current electricity needs. And the device solves the problems of power supply for air transport and space flights.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Space engines: state and prospects, 1988.

2. Bogdanov I.G. The electromachine engine of Bogdanov. Patent No. 2046210. Positive decision on the application 5064411 of October 5, 1992.

3. Adaptation for the use of atmospheric electricity. Author's certificate of the USSR N 781 from 1925.

4. Device for receiving, transmitting and accumulating atmospheric electricity. Patent 2019918. Positive decision on the application 93003002/21 of 18.01.93.

5. Yu.A.Baurov, V.M. Ogarkov. The method of moving an object in space and the device for its implementation. Application No. 4881920/07 dated 11.11.1990. Positive decision of 23.07.1992.

6. Brekhna G. Superconducting magnetic systems. 1976

7. Bogdanov I.G. Autoelectronic electromagnetic radiation modulator is a device that straightens a wave. Aircraft solenoids charging and other applications. Association for Business Cooperation "Zemlyane". Theses of the reports of the VI International Scientific and Practical Conference "BUSINESS PEOPLE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE", M., 1994.

8. Raiser Yu.P. Physics of gas discharge, 1987.

9. Kolokolov V.P. Thunderstorms are on the planet, 1965.

CLAIM

An apparatus for using atmospheric electricity, comprising a capacitor connected to a current collector, characterized in that it is provided with an aircraft connected to a capacitor, a rectifier, an additional current collector, an energy storage device and a storage system of the storage device electrically connected to the capacitor plates adapted to convert the energy Accumulated in the capacitor into the energy stored in the energy storage device, one of the current collectors electrically connected through the rectifier to one capacitor plate and the other through the rectifier on the other, and a device for creating a conductive channel in an atmosphere electrically in contact with the susceptor is mounted near the current collector.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for creating a conductive channel in the atmosphere is provided with a source of ionizing radiation.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy storage device is in the form of a superconducting solenoid.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for creating a conductive channel in the atmosphere is provided with a free electron laser.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for creating a conductive channel in the atmosphere contains a device that fires bullets or projectiles.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that a conductive wire is connected to bullets or projectiles, capable of being unwound during the movement of a bullet or projectile electrically connected to a current collector.

7. The device of claim 5, characterized in that the bullets and projectiles are tracers and covered with a material containing a substance with an ionization potential of less than 5.5 eV.

8. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the bullets or shells are filled inside with a combustible material, with the possibility of burning and exiting the combustion products through the tail of the bullet or projectile.

9. The device of claim 5, wherein the head of the bullet or projectile is coated with a material with an output function of less than 3.6 eV.

10. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the device that fires bullets or projectiles contains a firearm.

11. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the bullets or projectiles contain a material capable of entering into plasma-chemical reactions with the air components to form particles.

12. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the device that fires bullets or projectiles contains an electromagnetic accelerator of bullets or projectiles.

13. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that bullets or projectiles are filled from the inside by a tracer in which alkali metal atoms are injected.

14. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that inside the bullet or projectile there is a fuel and an oxidizing agent.

print version
Published on February 15, 2007

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