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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2263991

Controlled reactor, autotransformer

Controlled reactor, autotransformer

Name of the inventor: Kalenik Vladimir Anatolievich
The name of the patentee: Kalenik Vladimir Anatolievich
Address for correspondence: 610020, Kirov, st. Art. Khalturin, 28, kv.7, VA Kalenik
Starting date of the patent: 2002.03.11

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used to compensate for the excess of reactive power regulation and power line thereon common voltage level. The apparatus comprises a magnetic circuit with the main shaft, which windings are located: the main, composed of the upper and lower portions, and the compensation control. The control winding covers the upper part of the primary winding and is made up of sections, closed through controlled thyristor units. The apparatus may comprise a control coil and a second similar scheme and the first control, but is positioned between the main shaft and the upper part of the primary winding is used to expand the reactive power control. The technical result consists in combining in a single device the functions of reactive power and voltage regulation over a wide range.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to electrical engineering, particularly to the autotransformer-controllable reactors, and may be used to compensate for the excess of reactive power transmission line and changes in its common voltage level.

Known controlled reactor (Copyright certificate the USSR №1541681, cl. Of H 01 F 29/14 [1]), the change of reactive power which is carried out by adjusting the DC bias current in the coil. The reactor has a secondary winding for static var compensator of the power used to regulate the voltage on the transmission line.

Known and three-phase reactor combined autotransformer (Copyright certificate the USSR №1781711, cl. Of H 01 F 29/14 [2]), is intended to improve the modes of long-distance transmission and has the ability to directly connect to the high-voltage line. Changing the reactive power consumed by the reactor, autotransformer (RA), is carried out by changing the control winding current, covers one of the phase module bars. The value of short-circuit current of the coil is governed by an anti-parallel connected thyristors in its chain. Changing the thyristor firing angle results in a decrease (increase) of the current, but generates current harmonics in the primary windings PA. To eliminate the odd harmonics of the RA is equipped with a phase-shifting and compensating windings, which complicates the design of the device.

Summary RA coil, made by auto-transformer scheme consists of two parts, between which includes the advanced auto-transformer (DAT) of small capacity, which is aligned with RA. Magnetic DAT magnetizing DC. If no biasing, the voltage across winding DAT connected in series to the main winding, increases and at a certain level of bias is reduced. Thus tension can be adjusted to an average primary RA output windings to be connected, for example, to the power line. Voltage ranges 8-14%, which is insufficient for the depth adjustment of the voltage on the line.

All controlled shunt reactors (CSR) with the magnetization of the core, including reactors, auto-type [1], [2], have serious drawbacks:

- Increased content of higher harmonics caused by saturation of the core and the work of the thyristors with partial opening angles;

- A large inertia of the reactor associated with the presence of a constant component of the magnetic flux.

These shortcomings reactors largely eliminated in the CSR-type transformer (GN Alexandrov A Method of Calculating shunt reactor type transformer -. Electricity, 1998, №4 [3]). This reactor design has a transformer with a closed magnetic circuit and windings: primary winding, control winding and the compensation for the suppression of odd harmonics. The control winding (PP) covers the main core and the main winding (OO) is located on top of the RO and it covers the entire length.

Changing the current RO, carried thyristor units, leads to replacement of the magnetic flux from the core rod and, consequently, an increase in resistance to this flow. This increases the current reactor.

The improved model of this reactor has a permissible level of higher harmonic losses at rated speed does not exceed 0.5%; but it is not intended for direct regulation of the voltage on the line.

It is known that for optimum active power losses on the far transmission mode is necessary to regulate not only the reactive power in the line endpoints, but also the overall level of stress therein (electric systems. T.III. Electric power transmission and the constant high voltage alternating current. Under Ed V.A.Venikova -.. M .: Higher school, 1975 [5]). In order to ensure a minimum active power losses in the transmission line is necessary to change the voltage on it is proportional to the square root of the transmitted power.

To some extent, this mode can be achieved reactors [1] and [2]. However, due to technical imperfections (as noted above) and under voltage control range using them for optimum control modes of extended power EHV very problematic.

The closest to the technical nature of the proposed device is an auto-reactor [2], which is able to regulate the reactive power and voltage on one of the terminals of the main winding.

The purpose of the invention - the combination of the proposed device, reactive power control and regulation functions extended range voltage.

The goal is achieved by the fact that an auto-controlled reactor, containing a magnetic yokes and the main axis around which all the windings are located: the main winding, consisting of upper and lower parts with an average output, compensation winding, control winding and controlled by thyristor units with opposed parallel-connected thyristors is arranged so that the control winding covers the upper part of the primary winding. In addition, control winding is divided into sections connected in series having the same height, the top of a height equal to the main winding, and in parallel sections controlled thyristor units included in series with the current-limiting chokes. Autotransformer-controlled reactor may be formed with a second control winding is similar in apparatus discussed above, which is located between the upper part of the main winding and the main shaft. In addition, the start of the primary winding and its middle pin is connected to the input node-managed autotransformer reactor through switches, such as switch-disconnectors.

Managed reactor autotransformer (URA) consists of a closed magnetic circuit having a main rod 1, the side of the yoke 2, the end of the yoke 3, the annular magnetic shunt 4, the upper part of the primary winding 5, the lower part of the main winding 6, the compensation coil (Figure 1 does not shown), the control winding 7.

The upper part of the main winding 5 is swept over the entire height of the control winding, divided into sections of equal height equal to the height of the top of the primary winding. In parallel, said sections including control thyristor units (TB) 8 series with a current-limiting chokes (TD) 9 required for current limiting short circuit sections. And Figure 2 shows a compensation winding 10, control winding (PP) and the primary winding (OO), consisting of the top 5 and bottom 6 parts 11 with an average output.

UO closes TB, calculated at full power URA. When locked thyristor current in vivo and no power of the reactor is minimal (idle mode). When fully open TB thyristors current OO PP and maximum (the maximum power of URA). In this mode the voltage to equal to the rated OO as idling. This is possible since the short-circuit voltage URA is 100%. The latter is achieved by arrangement of OO and PP on the main stem with a suitable air gap.

UO shorted may not have a magnetic flux potokospetsleny URA. Therefore, in nominal operating mode, URA magnetic flux must be closed so that its total flux linkage with MR equal to zero for providing the required number potookostsepleniya the main winding. This means that most of the magnetic flux passes is RO - mezhobmotochnom in space and volume occupied by windings.

The URA at nominal current in the air is forced out practically the entire magnetic flux. The flow distribution in the nominal mode is shown in Figure 1. Powerful magnetic flux in the air can cause additional losses.

For the collection and its direction in the magnetic coil ends on both sides are covered with four annular magnetic shunts.

Reactive power URA regulated by closing the individual sections of the RO. 2, UO divided into 4 sections. Individual RO sections have different spatial position in relation to the OO. In this case, the short-circuit voltage OO PP in general relatively equal to U = 100% short-circuit voltage OO on individual sections of the PP will be different from 100% (different size of the gap) and sections of the current may exceed the rated value. For its restrictions are chokes. When you turn a section of the current UO URA increases by about 25%. With the closure of the thyristors 5 TB-bridged all chokes individual sections and the current OO increases to the nominal value.

Continuous regulation of reactive power URA carried out by changing the firing angle of the thyristors. Incomplete unlocking thyristor appear higher harmonic current in the curve. However, the resulting higher harmonic current dial-in thyristor circuit curve excite higher harmonics in the magnetic flux, and those in turn induce back EMF in the shorted circuit. As a result of the higher harmonics in the current waveform OO URA effectively suppressed. In the separation efficiency of the RO section at suppressing increases in proportion to the division ratio.

The main purpose of URA - optimal control mode voltage long-distance power line and excessive consumption of reactive power generated by this line. The optimal regulation of this would be a process in which an increase of active power transmitted simultaneously through increase in the line voltage and reactive power consumption in the end nodes [5].

With increasing consumption URA reactive power simultaneously increases the voltage at the average output of the TOE. Let us examine this process in detail.

Assume that the RO is divided into four sections, and switched using TB-1 of the first section. With increasing section increases the current attempt to take out the magnetic flux from the core rod in a space between the windings, which increases the current GS. At the same time there is a reduction flux upper part of the main winding magnetic flux URA and reduced its back-EMF. The consequence is a redistribution of the voltage applied to the PA, between its parts in the direction of increasing the voltage on the average output of the TOE. As sections of circuit PP increases the voltage on the line connected to the middle pin of the TOE, and the rated values ​​for shorting all sections of EO. The voltage drop on top of GS in this mode is essentially zero, since there is no back EMF due to an attempt to take the magnetic flux of the upper part of the placement area PA.

When a smooth change in current UO section where regulation is done firing angle of the thyristors, gradually increases (decreases) the reactive power URA simultaneously with the increase (decrease) the voltage on the average output of the TOE.

The introduction of the second control coil placed between the upper part of the TOE and the main shaft, opens the possibility of changing reactive power URA without changing the voltage on the average output of the TOE. For additional current control sections can be used vivo system similar to that described above relating to the RO and located between the upper and lower portions of the TOE.

To implement optimal distance loss mode power line voltage must change in its leaf nodes in accordance with the expression

where U m - voltage at the beginning (end) of the line; P - active power in the beginning (end) of the line; g m - the parameter defines a generalized constant line.

This reactive power reactors (URA) on the ends of the line must be changed by the expression

where Q m - the power of the reactor at the beginning (end) of the line; U m - optimal voltage value at the beginning (end) of the line defined by (1); b m - dependent parameter of generalized permanent line.

Parameters g m and b m are determined by the formulas

where A, B, C and D - the generalized constant line [5].

The voltage on the U m line defined by (1) is proportional to the square root of the active power corresponding to the end of the line. In this case the reactive power consumed by the URA, is determined by (2). current control sections in vivo, carried thyristor TB, causes a simultaneous change of the voltage on the line and the consumption of reactive power line. These changes should be as close as possible to the values of U m, Q m, respectively defined by (1) and (2).

Controlled reactor, autotransformer
Controlled reactor, autotransformer

Figure 3 is a wiring diagram URA-ended transmission line. The upper part of the primary winding (SBI) is connected to the buses terminal substations and line - to the middle terminals (ST) of the main winding URA.

When the load line is 10-20% of its natural power, URA work in auto-transformer mode, which lowers the voltage on the line at 30-40% of the nominal level. The amount of reduction in the total level of voltage on the line is consistent with the requirements of maintaining an adequate supply of power stability.

Note that in the URA sending end line operates at voltage drop, and in the receiving end - to raise the voltage to a voltage level reel tires.

The range of the load line to 20-25% of its natural power P c undervoltage remains constant (eg power lines U = 0,7 U nom.LEP). Maintaining constancy voltage line endpoints can be done by adjusting the reactive power URA installed in these sites. This requires the use of URA PO disposed on the main shaft close to it with a gap with respect to the upper part of OO. To simplify the drawing in Figure 1, this winding is not shown. If such PO URA is not provided, the regulation is carried out by other means provided for this case in the end nodes of the line.

With further increasing load (more than 20-25%) is adjusted (increased), the current RO sections located between the upper and lower portions OO, thereby increasing the average output voltage at OO URA (transmission line), and it increases the consumption of excess reactive power generated line. This process is a simultaneous increase in the voltage and reactive power consumption ends at a voltage on the line, equal to the nominal. Lines for 500 kV with a wire mark 3 × 500 ACO-length of 500, 1000, 1500 km specified voltage is achieved at a load equal to 0.35, respectively, P c; 0.6 R c; 1.0 P c (where R c - natural power, for power transmission lines of 500 kV P c = 900 MW). [5] With the increase in the length of the line range of the optimum voltage regulation and reactive power in the load line function expanding. For loads greater than the specified value (for example, 500 kV transmission line length of 500 km P> 0,35R c), the voltage on it is maintained at a constant level, equal to the nominal. Voltage regulation is performed when the URA in the reactor mode. Translation URA in this mode can be carried out in various ways. Most acceptable method, which is based on switching of primary and secondary windings of the main findings. In nominal mode, download URA (reactive power) voltage at primary and secondary findings are OO and can be closed via the switching device 12, such as load switch. Then start OO can be disconnected from the input terminal URA, for example, a cutter (see FIG. 2).

Thus, the switching is reduced to bypass the conclusions beginning and middle of the primary winding and the subsequent detachment of the start of the winding of the input clip URA.

With further increasing load works in URA line voltage maintenance mode (at its point of connection) to a predetermined level. This is done by a gradual decrease in the current SI, reaching zero at a load equal to the natural line power.

The device - URA allows optimal control of ultra-long transmission line EHV, which is based on the simultaneous regulation of common voltage levels and reactive power consumption in end nodes.

Using the URA in the long-distance transmission lines allows:

- The transfer of energy through without intermediate reactive power compensation devices;

- Successful implementation of the transmission line due to increased natural power of a more efficient way of compensation excessive capacitive power line;

- Reduction of costs for the construction of transmission lines;

- A more reliable operation of the super-range power.

CLAIM

1. Managed reactor autotransformer comprising a magnetic core with yokes and the main axis around which are located the main winding, consisting of two parts with an average output, the initial conclusion of the first part is connected to the buses terminal substation power line, and the median conclusion - to the power line, compensation and control winding controlled thyristor units from anti-parallel connected thyristors, characterized in that the control winding includes a first portion of the main winding is located between the first and second portions thereof and consists of series-connected and are equal in height of the first portion of the main coils in parallel which are connected controlled thyristor units, primary and secondary output of the main winding connected to the input terminal of the reactor-managed autotransformer via switching devices.

2. Autotransformer controlled reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a first portion located between the primary winding and the primary magnetic core second control winding, consisting of serially connected equal height and the first part primary winding sections which are connected parallel to the thyristor controlled blocks.

3. Controlled autotransformer reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a thyristor controlled series with a current limiting reactor block included.

print version
Publication date 15.02.2007gg