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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2286639

METHOD OF UNINTERRUPTED POWER CONSUMERS ELECTRIC POWER systems operating on unstable energy sources

METHOD OF UNINTERRUPTED POWER CONSUMERS
ELECTRIC POWER systems operating on unstable
sources of energy

Name of the inventor: Dmitriev Vladimir S. (RU); Karpov Sergey Ivanovich (RU); Kurolesov Vladimir Kirillovich (RU); Savchuk Victor D. (RU); Vladimir Trusov
The name of the patentee: JOINT STOCK COMPANY "State Engineering Design Bureau" Raduga ". MI AY Bereznyak"
Address for correspondence: 141980, Moscow region, Dubna, Str.. Zhukovsky, 2a, JSC "GosMKB" RAINBOW "them. AJ Bereznyak" patent department
Starting date of the patent: 2005.05.05

Use: in the electricity power supply to consumers. The technical result is to increase the range of energy sources used by unstable power at high utilization rates of their energy and reducing battery capacity. The method includes an uninterruptible power source unstable energy into AC electrical power via an AC power generator and DC power accumulation in the accumulator, wherein the frequency of voltage stabilization is performed by means of an adjustable capacitive matrices with the bidirectional switches, capacitors denominations which are selected from ratios 8- 4-2-1, a controlled analogue-digital circuit phase-frequency-locked to the network frequency of the reference oscillator frequency power frequency and amplitude stabilization is carried out by modulating the voltage pulse width modulator, the switching matrix and capacitive network to the DC power supply is performed by two thyristor key bridges, diagonal DC of which are connected to the battery through the transistor, controlled pulse width modulator, and the diagonal AC bridge connected to AC power and to a capacitive matrix, respectively.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the power industry, in particular to the field of power supply to consumers connected to the electricity system operating on unstable, mainly renewable, energy sources such as wind power or stand-alone self-contained units of hydroelectric power station.

Known adopted as the prototype, the method of uninterrupted power supply to consumers of the electric power system, running on renewable sources of energy - RF patent №2153752 H 02 J 3/28, 3/32, including the conversion of renewable energy into electrical energy with the help of AC generators AC, conversion by rectifiers the AC power into DC power, the DC voltage stabilization, accumulation of energy in DC battery charging said DC conversion with an inverter via a DC electric power into AC electric power and output it to the consumer load. In this mode of operation the generator control is performed by changing the resistance of the capacitive accumulator during its charging while maintaining the charging voltage value, a predetermined range between minimum and maximum values ​​of load voltage consumer. Moreover, the battery capacity is calculated on the value of the daily energy consumption of the consumer load. When using this method can be used by multiple energy sources, each of which undergoes conversion AC to DC and the summation in the general energy accumulator, having a storage capacity, designed for daily consumption. Control oscillator operating mode by changing the capacity of the battery while maintaining the charging voltage leads to a change in charging current. This allows the battery to act as the executive control system device that stabilizes oscillation of power generation. Here, charging current, charging at a constant voltage equal to the difference between the current source and the load current.

The essential features of the prototype, which coincide with essential features of the present invention are - method uninterruptible power system power consumers operating on unstable energy sources include an unstable source of energy conversion into electrical energy via an AC electric AC and DC energy storage in a battery.

Method prototype provides uninterrupted power supply to consumers, however, has a low coefficient of unstable energy (renewable) source for the case where it is less than the estimated power rating. This is because through the use of voltage stabilizers and stabilizers parallel connection of outputs and power supply rails generator battery with reduced capacity when it rectified voltage is less than the voltage stabilization is not transmitted to the battery.

The energy of the generator and is not passed and the load, as the load is powered from the battery through the inverter in all oscillator modes. And last remark points to another drawback, namely the power system battery and inverter calculation is conducted by the condition of maximum power consumer load. More specifically, the battery capacity must be so great that the cost of the battery and its maintenance are comparable to the cost of, for example, a wind power plant. Moreover, the double conversion of energy (from AC to DC and then back) at low power factor and reduces energy use. Thus, the prototype method has the disadvantage, which manifests itself in all modes of the generator of renewable energy.

The proposed method solves the technical problem of expansion of the range facilities employed unstable, especially renewable energy sources, with a high utilization rate of energy sources and the use of the battery with a much smaller capacity.

To achieve said technical result in the method of uninterruptible power supply to consumers of electric power system operating on unstable energy source comprising volatile source of energy conversion into electrical energy of alternating current using an electric alternating current and accumulating the DC power in the battery voltage frequency stabilization of the network is carried out using a controlled capacitive matrix bidirectional switches, ratings of capacitors which are selected from the ratio 8-4-2-1, run by analog-to-digital circuit phase-frequency-locked to the network frequency of the reference oscillator frequency industrial frequency (PLL strip), and amplitude stabilization is effected by voltage modulation network pulse width modulator, the switching capacitor array and the network to the DC power supply is performed by two thyristor key bridges, diagonal DC of which are connected to the battery through the transistor, controlled pulse width modulator, and the AC diagonal bridges connected to AC power and a capacitive matrix, respectively.

Distinctive features of the process are - frequency voltage stabilization is carried out by means of an adjustable capacitive matrix bidirectional switches, ratings of capacitors which are selected from the ratio 8-4-2-1, run by analog-to-digital circuit phase-frequency-locked to the network frequency of the reference oscillator frequency power frequency and stabilization of the amplitude is performed by modulating the voltage pulse width modulator, the switching capacitor array and the network to the DC power supply is performed by two thyristor key bridges, diagonal DC of which are connected to the battery through the transistor, controlled pulse width modulator, and diagonal AC bridges are connected to AC power and to a capacitive matrix, respectively.

Thanks to these distinctive features (collectively known from the prior art) in elektroenergetichekoy system with alternator whose rotation is caused by an unstable source of energy is achieved by the following technical result:

- To stabilize the power system voltage requires less battery capacity, which is connected only in cases of significant failure of unstable power (renewable) source. Moreover, in these modes, renewable energy and goes to the network, unlike the prototype, thus the energy source is added to the battery energy;

- In the case of the application of this method to the wind power energy system voltage stabilization network blades turning is not required, there is only a low-frequency rotation of the blades for the purpose of load restrictions on the installation;

- Coefficient of energy renewable is enhanced by eliminating double-conversion power AC-DC-AC, and by summing the energy from the battery with renewable energy in its low power modes;

- It is possible to use wind power plants in the conditions of unstable wind or hydroelectric power station in the conditions of unstable flows or water levels, because even a small used their energy.

As a result, the search for sources of patent and scientific and technological information, a set of attributes characterizing the proposed method of uninterrupted power supply to consumers of the electric power system, operating on renewable energy sources, was not detected. Thus, the proposed method meets the criterion of patentability "new."

Based on a comparative analysis of the proposed method to the prior art on the sources of scientific-technical and patent information, it can be argued that between the set of characteristics, including distinctive, and the functions they perform and achieve goals there is not obvious causal connection. Based on the above it can be argued that the proposed method does not follow explicitly from the prior art and, therefore, meets the criterion of patentability "inventive step".

METHOD OF UNINTERRUPTED POWER CONSUMERS ELECTRIC POWER systems operating on unstable energy sources

The proposed solution can be used in the power industry for uninterrupted power supply of responsible consumers, connected to an autonomous electric power systems operating on unstable, especially renewable energy, especially wind power. Therefore, this solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The proposed method is implemented by the above scheme. And shows one phase of the network. For three-phase network required 3 independent circuits.

In the diagram: 1 - generator AC promchastoty (renewable energy), 2 - capacitive matrix with keys 3 and 4 - thyristor bridges №1 and №2, 5 - transistor switch, 6 - DC power - battery, 7 - DC power supply - diesel generator, 8 - PWM modulator 9 - a phase-locked loop (PLL), 10 - the network speed sensor.

Output power generator winding 1 and the capacitive matrix with 2 keys included in the output diagonal (AC diagonal) thyristor bridge circuits 3 and 4, respectively. Thyristor bridges 3 and 4 through the transistor switch 5 diagonal DC (input) are connected to a DC power supply 6 or 7. The transistor switch 5 is controlled by the PWM modulator 8.

Management capacitive matrix 2 and PWM modulator 8 performs phase-locked frequency circuit 9. The same circuit 9 generates a switching signal for thyristor bridges 3 and 4. 9 PLL operates on signals from the network speed sensor 10.

Stabilization of the mains frequency of the PLL circuit 9 is carried out, which is the actuating element 2. Capacitive Capacitive matrix made of a matrix of 2 n parallel connected circuits, each of which is a series connection of the bidirectional MOSFET and a capacitor. The values ​​of each i-th capacitor are selected in binary code, ie Since i = 2 Ci-1. Thyristor bridges 3 and 4 are connected in parallel capacitor matrix 2 network modes excess energy renewable energy source 1 (current generator 1 is greater than the load current). For these modes is characterized by an increase in speed of the generator 1. When connected in parallel to the winding of the generator 1 is controlled container 2 changes the phase between the current vector and the voltage (changing reactive power network losses spent on capacitor overcharging). 9 PLL feedback circuit (sensor 10) determines the phase mismatch between the network and its own commercial frequency reference oscillator 1 by its own phase rectifier circuit or an exclusive OR. The output signal of the phase rectifier is filtered, converted to a digital code and this code is controlled capacitive matrix 2 (connected to the network through a specific combination of capacitors, thyristor bridges 3 and 4). Increasing the current generator 1 increases the capacitance connected to the battery network of capacitors, which increases the loss of reactive power, which in turn imposes higher torque on the shaft of the generator 1, which reduces the revolutions it (the shaft and to reduce the frequency of the mains voltage. There is anti negative feedback, this ties in PLL circuits. The role of the generator, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), here plays an adjustable capacitive matrix 2 together with the generator 1.

For the modes when the current generator 1 is less than the load current, switch 5 connects the thyristor bridges 4 and 3 with the matrix 2 and 1 electric generator to a DC power source 6 or 7. And yet the source 6 (battery) voltage is within the nominal, diesel generator 7 not running. In the fall of this voltage below the tolerance, the latter starts and closes its output voltage source 6.

The capacitor matrix in these two modes switch acts as an additional working thyristors bridge circuit 3 and the inverter power acquires functions thyristor bridge comprising 3 to 5, a transistor in which the load - the generator coil 1. The transistor switch 5 is switched to the PWM pulse mode with a frequency of the reference fieldbus generator PLL 9. The capacitive matrix 2 in this mode, the minimum capacity. Transistor switch 1 provides a PWM-wave sinusoidal voltage network, even with complete disappearance of renewable energy 1. Here, the network transmitted energy DC - battery 6.

The transition from one mode to the other by this process occurs automatically. Reducing the frequency of transfers power circuit in the inverter mode the same PLL 9. Due to the specified, short-term dips and over-current generator 1 are stabilized by this method with a bandwidth n is not less than half the mains frequency s, i.e. n = 0.5 p. This speed allows a not very large battery capacity 6. Basically, the battery capacity of 6 will be determined by the time required to enter the diesel generator mode 7.

Consider the work of the energy system in three modes:

1. high power mode.

2. nominal power mode and lower.

3. The prolonged absence of power renewable source mode.

1. high power mode.

In this mode, the battery 6 is disconnected from the capacitor matrix 2. The battery 6 is connected to a charger (not shown in the diagram) of small capacity, which is powered from the power grid. The charge of the capacitor matrix 2 is carried out exclusively from the power grid. Bit it and carries the network, thus excessive energy network is spent on the charge-discharge capacitor banks of the matrix 2, the larger the excess capacity of the network, the greater the frequency of the network would be to move away from a given reference oscillator PLL 9, the higher the output voltage, the filtered output of the phase rectifier PLL 9.

Voltage phase rectifier 9 PLL can be digitized and the resulting code is controlled capacitor array 2 large voltage rectifier meets high capacity network attached to the charge-discharge. output voltage sign PLL phase rectifier 9 indicates a connection matrix charged capacitor to the network 2 in phase or in antiphase AC voltage.

In this mode, a charged capacitor array 2 will be connected in opposition. In this mode, the capacitors act as ballast. Reactive power recharge the capacitors is greater, the more power a renewable source 1 by increasing the value of the rechargeable battery capacity 1. In this sense, we can consider the circuit LC, formed by the inductance of the generator 1 and the adjustable variable capacitance 2 as a notch filter tuned to the frequency of the oscillator ( industrial network frequency). In this mode, all of the excess energy is renewable energy source 1 is spent on reactive power in the tunable capacitor array 2.

Condenser battery matrix composed by parallel connection of two circuits, consisting of serial connection of the capacitor and a bidirectional key (triac), with, for example, composed of four chains have 15 8-4-2-1 ratio control steps capacitance capacitor bank 2. In this sense, this control mode can be referred to as amplitude-modulation fazokodovoy.

2. The rated power mode.

In this mode, the charge capacitor banks matrix 2 can be implemented as a renewable source of one network, and a battery 6 as a renewable source of one unstable in this mode has a power dips or excess.

In case of excess power method works as mode 1. In the case of bridges 4 and 3 power failures are closed for charging time. Immediately open to the charge of bidirectional switches and capacitive battery 2 is connected to the battery 6. The greater the power failure, the greater the reduction in the frequency of the AC generator renewable source 1, the larger the code at the output of the PLL circuit 9, the greater the capacity of the array is connected to the battery 2 battery 6. Large capacity battery charged capacitor array 2 is connected to the network, forming a network with an inductance LC-circuit in which the energy is added to the frequency of the oscillator PLL 9. perestroika matrix 2 capacitors achieve this resonance circuit at a frequency equal Industry. In this mode the LC-circuit acts as a bandpass filter with a transmission coefficient greater than 1. In fact, the system in this mode can be classified as resonant electronic active filter. Since it is tuned to the frequency of industrial network, the multiple harmonic components of voltage will be significantly below the fundamental.

If we compare this scheme with an inverter, it should be noted that it is taken from the battery 6, only the missing part of renewable energy 1. For the complete disappearance of voltage source inverter 1 circuit performs a function.

If it is compared with an AC voltage adjustment by rotating blades, it should be noted that it is much more speed. In this case the battery capacity is calculated from the condition 6 is not daily consumption, as a condition for power failures renewable source 1, which is two orders of magnitude lower.

3. The prolonged absence of power renewable source mode.

In this mode, as set out for tens of minutes, the system can be operated by battery 6 and thus play the role of the inverter, it is possible to run a diesel generator 7, to prepare it for the synchronous connection to the network and the mains power supply from diesel generator 7.

The proposed method of uninterrupted supply of electric power system users operating on renewable energy sources with power alternating current, can be compared to a self-tuning network, which operate for electricity, in which the phase between current and voltage in all modes is kept constant.

CLAIM

Method uninterruptible power supply to consumers of electric power system operating in the unstable power source comprising volatile source of energy conversion into electrical energy of alternating current using an electric alternating current and accumulating the DC power in the battery, characterized in that the frequency stabilization voltage is performed by means of an adjustable capacitive matrix with bi-directional switches, ratings of capacitors which are selected from the ratio 8-4-2-1, run by analog-to-digital circuit phase-frequency-locked to the network frequency of the reference oscillator frequency power frequency and amplitude stabilization is carried out by modulating the voltage pulse width modulator, and capacitive switching matrix and the network to supply DC thyristor perform two key bridges, diagonal DC of which are connected to the battery through the transistor, controlled pulse width modulator, and the diagonal AC bridge connected to AC power and to a capacitive matrix, respectively.

print version
Publication date 16.02.2007gg