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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2280911

DEVICE FOR CONVERTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY three- and single-phase voltage and current (optional)

DEVICE FOR CONVERTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY three- and single-phase voltage and current (optional)

Name of the inventor: Mikhail Ermilov (RU); Kupriyanovich Yury (RU); Alyakrinsky Boris
The name of the patentee: Mikhail Ermilov (RU); Kupriyanovich Yury (RU); Alyakrinsky Boris
Address for correspondence: 109652, Moscow, ul. Lublin, 171, kv.164, MA Ermilov
Starting date of the patent: 2004.09.30

The invention relates to electrical engineering, and to the converter equipment is designed to reversibly converting electrical energy, and a three-phase voltages and currents. The technical result is to ensure the supply of single-phase three-phase primary network with symmetrical load and a symmetrical three-phase power consumers from a single-phase network. The invention provides an interface modes of single-phase and three-phase networks and users, which when executed symmetry requirements of three phase voltages and currents. Linearity characteristics included in the converters element ensures high quality of electricity in electric networks and consumers the necessary regulatory and EMC sources and energy receivers together. First, the single-phase voltage and current power source is converted to a symmetrical two-phase system voltages and currents of equal magnitude and phase-shifted by 1/4 period. Then, using the converter transformer converts the two-phase voltages and currents in a symmetric three-phase voltages and three-phase system receiver currents equal in magnitude and phase-shifted by 1/3 period. The reverse two-stage conversion takes place in reverse order. Control symmetric mode converter and control ballast reactive elements is carried out by measuring the phase angle between the two-phase currents, depending on the magnitude and sign of the deviation which affect the value of reactance ballast elements.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to a transformer, and the converter equipment and is intended for the reversible interconversion of electricity and three-phase voltages and currents.

The purpose of the invention - creation of converters for single-phase power consumers considerable power from the three-phase primary network with symmetrical load of the latter, and a symmetrical three-phase power consumers from a single-phase network, expanding the functionality and options of design solutions power circuits single and three phase consumers.

Proposed as a method invention and an apparatus for converting electrical energy single- and three-phase voltages and currents provide interfacing modes of single-phase and three-phase networks and users, which when performed adequately, especially requirements symmetry three-phase voltages and currents. It is possible significant variation in numbers of turns of the windings sections, and a voltage control by switching sections. Moreover, due to the linearity of the characteristics included in the transducer elements, and as a result, the linearity of integrated electrical characteristics of the transducers as a whole are provided with a high performance of power quality in electrical networks and consumers as a single-phase and three-phase voltages and currents that have achieved regulatory required electromagnetic compatibility sources and energy receivers with each other (for example, the requirements of GOST 13109-97).

This is achieved by the inventive method mutual reversible electric energy conversion of three phase voltages and currents in a single phase, during which the used transformer drive electric power of three-phase voltages and currents in a two phase, comprising at least three-phase winding, on the one hand, and the two-phase, on the other unit ballast reactive elements (capacitors and inductors), sensors, two-phase current and power monitoring symmetric mode converter and control reactive ballast elements, characterized in that the conversion process takes place in two stages so that in the first stage, the conversion of single-phase voltages and currents in biphasic via included in a chain of two-phase winding transformer inverter ballast reactive elements (capacitors and chokes), during which the voltage and the single-phase source current is converted to a symmetrical system of two-phase voltages and currents of equal magnitude and phase-shifted by a quarter period, and the second stage by said transformer converter converts the two-phase voltages and currents in a three phase, during which the voltages and currents of the two-phase coil is converted into a symmetrical three-phase voltages and three-phase receiver system of currents of equal magnitude and phase shifted by a third period, and the inverse transformation ( three-phase voltages and currents in single-phase) takes place in two stages, but in the reverse order.

There are transformers converters electric energy of three-phase sinusoidal voltages and currents in the two-phase, containing a spatial magnetic trehsterzhnevoy with located on it a three-phase input and two phase output windings [1, 2].

At the core of the device proposed transformer converters are used similar to the above transformer converters [1, 2] electric energy of three-phase voltages and currents in the two-phase, three-phase winding which is connected to the three-phase or three-phase receiver, reactive ballast elements and block control of the symmetric mode reactive converter and control ballast elements, the reactive ballast elements are connected between the two-phase winding transformer converter [1, 2] and a single-phase receiver or a single-phase network and form a block transform-phase voltages and currents in a two-phase, and the block control symmetric mode converter and control reactive ballast members includes self current transformers as sensors of two-phase currents, phase discriminator, which measures the difference between the amplitudes of the two phase currents and the deviation of the phase angle between them by a quarter period, and an actuator that changes the value of reactance ballast elements, with the two-phase bus currents pass through the cores of magnetic transformers secondary windings of current transformers connected to the measuring inputs of the phase discriminator, whose output is connected to the input of the actuator.

DEVICE FOR CONVERTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY three- and single-phase voltage and current

A functional block diagram of converter transformer of electric energy of three-phase voltages and currents in single phase is shown in Figure 1. Workflow in transformer converter is as follows.

Phase conversion of three-phase voltages and currents in the two-phase takes place in block 1 with the appropriate name, which is on the device and the principle of action coincides with the known transformer converters [1], [2]. As a result of the symmetrical three-phase voltages and currents I A, I B, I C a symmetric three-phase source (or receiver) are converted into two symmetrical two-phase voltages and currents and I Q I D = ± jI Q. For example, one possible electrical circuit interconnections converter transformer phase voltages and currents in the two-phase is shown in Figure 2.

Transformer converter 1 of electricity-phase voltages and currents in the two phase comprises magnetic circuit consisting of at least three cores (ie. A, B, C) of the same cross-section rod or group type three-phase coil consisting of at least three identical with the number of turns W m phases (e.g., a, B, C) arranged on respective cores of the magnetic circuit, interconnected in a star or triangle, and the two-phase winding, which is arranged consisting of at least six sections: two ( for example, W ad, and W aq), placed on the core A, two (for example, W bd and W bq), placed on the core B, and two (eg. W cd and W cq), placed on the core C section W ad and W bd are connected in series in accordance with each other and consistently counter with a section W cd and form a subgroup of the first phase D the two-phase winding section W bq and W cq are connected in series in accordance with each other and consistently counter with a section W aq and form a subgroup of the second phase of Q two-phase windings while the number of turns of the sections should relate to each other as

Phase transformation of two-phase voltages and currents in single-phase takes place in unit 3 with the appropriate name, wiring diagrams of various embodiments of which are shown in Figures 3-5.

Thus, in block 3 of symmetric two-phase conversion of currents and voltages in the 3-phase circuit according to one of the phases of two-phase winding 4 of the transformer 1-phase inverter voltage and current are connected in parallel to the two-phase one of the ballast elements 5 and 6, the second phase of a two phase winding in series with which is connected to single-phase electric power receiver 7 and the other ballast element 8. in scheme 3, the two-phase winding 4 and 6 of the inverter transformer 1-phase voltages and currents in the two-phase voltages are characterized by U and ± jU idling and resistances of equal input impedance (short circuit) Z K = R K + jX K with the closed-circuit three-phase winding, single-phase receiver 7 - complex impedance Z H = R H + jX H , and ballast elements 5 and 8 - their reactances X B1 and X B2. Conditions of symmetry of the two-phase currents I = ± jI H considering the Kirchhoff equations:

± jU = (R K + iX K) (± jI H) + jX B1 (1 ± j) I H U = ( (R K + R H) + j ( X K + X H + X B2)) I H B1 + iX (1 ± j) I H

implemented with the parameters of the ballast elements equal to:

X B1= ± 0,5R H X + B2 x H = 0

The conversion unit 3-phase voltages and currents in a balanced biphasic and I Q I D = ± jI Q according to Scheme 4, the two phases 4 and 6, the two-phase drive winding transformer 1 connected in series with each other, with one of the ballast elements 8 and a single-phase network 9, and the second element of the ballast 5 is connected in parallel are connected in series between one phase and 6-phase two-phase winding network 9. In scheme 9 4 single-phase source characterized by a voltage U, the winding 6 of the transformer 4 and the transducer 1 - impedances Z F = R F + jX F, equal to their input impedance when connected to a three-phase winding of the three-phase receiver 2, and ballast elements 5 and 8 - their reactances X B1 and X B2. Conditions of symmetry of the two-phase current I D = ± jI Q given equations: iX B1 (± j-1) I Q = (R F * j (x ^ + X B2)) I Q, is realized with the parameters of the ballast elements equal: X B1 = ± R V X + B2 + B1 the X X F = 0.

The conversion unit 3-phase voltages and currents in a balanced biphasic and I Q I D ± jI Q according to Scheme 5, the two phases 4 and 6, the two-phase windings are connected to a single phase network 9, thus in series with each of them included the ballast 5 and the reactive element 8. Conditions of symmetry of two-phase currents I D = ± jI Q based on the equations

(R F + j (X + O the X B1)) (± jI Q) = (R F + j (X O X + B2)) I Q

implemented with the parameters of the ballast elements equal

X B1 = - (R + F x F) x E2 = R F -X F.

When this mode transducer, for example, due to changes in the magnitude and / or nature (cos ) Load, expressed in changing the parameters Z F = R F + jX F and Z H = R H + iX H, and fixed parameters X B1 and X B2 ballast elements 5 and 8 there is symmetry violation of the two-phase I Q and I D, and, as a result, three-phase I a, I B, I C currents. Storing symmetrical mode converter by means of a symmetric mode control and the inverter control unit 10 reactive ballast elements 5 and 8. The control unit 10 and control (1) operates as follows. Voltages from the secondary windings of the current transformers 11 and 12 (TT D and TT Q), containing information about the magnitude and phase of the two-phase currents I Q and I of D, come on measuring inputs of the phase discriminator 13, which generates a signal proportional to the deviation of the angle shift between the current phase I Q and I D-quarter period. This signal is input to actuator 14, which changes the parameters of X B1 and X B2 ballast elements 5 and 8 in accordance with the procedures described above, two-phase currents symmetry.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Author's certificate USSR №598197, 11.10.1976. Cl. H 02 M 5/14.

2. French Patent №2648612, 15.06.1989. Cl. H 01 F 33/00.

CLAIM

1. The converter transformer phase voltages and currents in single-phase, wherein the transformation process takes place in two stages: the first stage of the three phase voltages and three-phase currents are converted into a symmetrical two-phase system voltages and currents of equal magnitude and phase shifted by a quarter period, which in the second step are converted into single-phase voltages and currents of the single-phase receiver power, comprising: a conversion of three-phase voltages and currents in a symmetrical system of two-phase voltages and currents to the three-phase windings connected to a three-phase network and the two-phase coil, ballast responsive elements, and the conversion symmetric system of two-phase voltages and currents in single phase, provided that one of the phases of two-phase winding are connected in parallel one of the ballast of reactive elements and a second phase of a two-phase winding, in series with which is connected to a single phase receiver of electrical energy and other ballast reactive element, wherein the flow control symmetric mode and controls ballast reactive elements measures the difference of amplitudes of two-phase currents and the phase angle between them and acts according to the magnitude and sign of the deviation of this angle from the quarter of the period at the value of reactance ballast reactive elements so that the reactance X B1 of the first ballast reactive element equals half the resistance R H receiver single-phase electric energy X B1= ± 0,5R H, and the reactance X B2 ballast second reactive element in the amount of reactance X H receiver single-phase electric power is zero X B2 + X H = 0.

2. The converter transformer of claim 1, wherein the control unit and the symmetric mode control ballast reactive elements includes a current transformer sensor as the two-phase currents, phase discriminator measures the amplitude difference deviation of two-phase currents and the phase angle between them of quarter period, and an actuator that changes the value of reactance ballast reactive elements, with the two-phase bus currents pass through the cores of magnetic circuits of the current transformers, the secondary windings of the current transformers are connected to the measuring inputs of the phase discriminator, the output of which is connected to the input of the actuator.

3. The single-phase transformer transformer voltages and currents in a three phase, wherein the transformation process takes place in two stages: the first stage, single-phase voltages and currents are converted into a single-phase network symmetrical biphasic system voltages and currents of equal magnitude and phase shifted by a quarter period, which in the second stage is converted into a symmetrical system of three-phase voltages and currents of the three-phase receiver electrical energy of identical magnitude and phase shifted by a third period, comprising a conversion unit symmetric system of two-phase voltages and currents in a symmetrical system of three-phase voltages and currents and connected to three-phase receiver electrical energy three-phase winding and two-phase windings, ballast responsive elements, and conversion of single-phase voltages and currents in a symmetrical system of two-phase voltages and currents at the first stage provided that both phases are two phase windings are connected in series with each other, with one of the ballast of reactive elements and a single-phase network, and a second ballast reactive element connected in parallel with the series-connected between a one phase of a two phase winding and a single-phase network, wherein the monitoring unit symmetric mode and controls ballast reactive elements measures the difference of amplitudes of two-phase currents and the phase angle between them and acts according to the magnitude and sign of deviation of the angle between a quarter period on the magnitude of reactance ballast reactive elements so that the reactance X B1 of the first ballast reactive element equal to the input active resistance R F phase two-phase windings for three-phase receiver electrical energy connected to the three-phase winding X B1 = ± R F, and the reactance X B2 of the second ballast reactive element in the amount of reactance X B1 of the first ballast reactive element and the input reactance X F two-phase winding phase when connected to a three-phase winding of the three-phase receiver of electric energy is zero X B2 + X B1 + x ^ = 0 .

4. The converter transformer of claim 3, wherein the control unit and the symmetric mode control ballast reactive elements includes a current transformer sensor as the two-phase currents, phase discriminator measures the amplitude difference deviation of two-phase currents and the phase angle between them of quarter period, and an actuator that changes the value of reactance ballast reactive elements, with the two-phase bus currents pass through the cores of magnetic circuits of the current transformers, the secondary windings of the current transformers are connected to the measuring inputs of the phase discriminator, the output of which is connected to the input of the actuator.

5. The single-phase transformer transformer voltages and currents in a three phase, wherein the transformation process takes place in two stages: the first stage, single-phase voltages and currents are converted into a single-phase network symmetrical biphasic system voltages and currents of equal magnitude and phase shifted by a quarter period, which in the second stage is converted into a symmetrical system of three-phase voltages and currents of the three-phase receiver electrical energy of identical magnitude and phase shifted by a third period, comprising a conversion unit symmetric system of two-phase voltages and currents in a symmetrical system of three-phase voltages and currents and connected to three-phase receiver electrical energy three-phase winding and two-phase windings, ballast responsive elements, and conversion of single-phase voltages and currents in a symmetrical system of two-phase voltages and currents at the first stage provided that both phases are two phase windings are connected to a single-phase network, in series with each of them included the ballast reactive element, this unit controls the symmetric mode and controls ballast reactive elements measures the difference of amplitudes of two-phase currents and the phase angle between them and acts according to the magnitude and sign of the deviation of this angle from the quarter of the period at the value of reactance ballast reactive elements so that the reactance X B1 first ballast reactive element is equal to the difference between an active R F and inductive X F input impedances phase two-phase winding when connected to a three-phase winding of the three-phase receiver X B1 = R F, X F, and the reactance X B2 of the second ballast reactive element is the sum of negative values of the active R F and X B2 = -R -X FFF X inductive input resistance of two-phase winding phase for three-phase power receiver connected to a three-phase winding.

6. Converter transformer according to claim 5, characterized in that the control unit the symmetrical mode and the reactive elements ballast control includes current transformers as sensors biphasic currents, phase discriminator measures the amplitude difference deviation of two-phase currents and the phase angle between them of quarter period, and an actuator that changes the value of reactance ballast reactive elements, with the two-phase bus currents pass through the cores of magnetic circuits of the current transformers, the secondary windings of the current transformers are connected to the measuring inputs of the phase discriminator, the output of which is connected to the input of the actuator.

print version
Publication date 16.02.2007gg