Start of section
Production, amateur
Radio amateurs
Aircraft model, rocket-model
Useful, entertaining 		Stealth Master
Electronics
Physics
Technologies
Inventions 		Secrets of the cosmos
Secrets of the Earth
Secrets of the Ocean
Tricks
Map of section
Start
Forum
Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks)

Navigation: =>

Home / Patent catalog / Catalog section / Back /

DEVICES AND METHODS OF ECONOMY AND PRESERVATION OF ELECTRICITY
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2293417

POWER SUPPLY DEVICE

POWER SUPPLY DEVICE

The name of the inventor: Arkady Dzenkevich (RU); Sizov Mikhail Vasilievich (RU); Razumov Sergey Nikolaevich (RU); Litvinenko Sergey V. (RU)
The name of the patent owner: Razumov Sergey Nikolaevich (RU)
Address for correspondence: 117465 , Moscow, ul. Gene. Tyuleneva, 29-3-147, LGMenukhova
The effective date of the patent: 2002.03.26

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular, to the operation modes of capacitor and storage batteries in autonomous systems of DC power supply of stationary and mobile objects. The technical result is an increase in reliability, a reduction in weight and size parameters and an improvement in the efficiency of the device due to the simplification of converter circuits and the control unit. The technical result in the proposed invention is achieved by creating a load power device into which, according to the invention, a control winding is inserted which is connected to a control unit via an additional rectifying diode, which in turn is connected to a divider connected to the battery, and the supply circuits of the monitoring unit are connected To a part of the battery providing the required power level of the monitoring unit, wherein the converter uses an inverted transducer with a multi-winding choke, the primary winding of which is connected to the key element, and the output windings through the rectifiers to the aligning cells.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular, to the operation modes of capacitor and storage batteries in autonomous systems of DC power supply of stationary and mobile objects.

The problem of ensuring a long service life of batteries consisting of series-connected capacitors with a double electric layer is quite relevant. Small differences in the characteristics of individual capacitors (capacitance, leakage currents, etc.) lead, in the process of operating the battery, to a significant spread of the voltages of individual capacitors. At the same time, the level of the delivered energy of the battery in the load decreases, a recharge occurs and a deep discharge of the individual capacitors, which can lead to a reversal of them. All this leads in the end to the failure of both individual capacitors and the battery as a whole.

To eliminate the effect of these reasons, a device is needed that provides differential compensation of the capacitor leakage currents, equalizes the voltage between all the capacitors and monitors their serviceability.

One solution to this problem is to equalize (level) the voltages between individual capacitors by shunting capacitors with external resistors that have the same resistance, the value of which is less than the insulation resistance (leakage) of capacitors.

However, this technical solution is energetically inefficient, because Leads to unproductive energy losses.

The closest to the proposed technical solution is a device for supplying a load comprising a voltage source for recharging the battery, a monitoring unit and a battery consisting of chemical current sources connected in series, and in parallel to them, a converter connected via decoupling diodes having a controllable key element, Equalizing cells, each of the cells contains one output winding of the converter and a rectifier connected to a corresponding chemical source of current in the battery (AS USSR №1029327, class H 02 J 7/34, 1983).

The control unit included in the device measures the voltages on each of the cells and on the battery as a whole, extracts the maximum of the voltages on the chemical current sources and forms a control signal for the key element of the converter.

Disadvantages of this device are:

- low efficiency,

- low reliability of work,

- Worn out weight and size indicators due to the use of a complex control unit whose operation algorithm requires the use of an ADC and a microcontroller to measure the voltages on each cell and battery as a whole, store these values ​​and perform mathematical transformations.

The objectives achieved by the proposed invention are to increase reliability, reduce weight and dimensions and improve the efficiency of the device by simplifying the converter circuitry and the monitoring unit.

The technical result in the proposed invention is achieved by creating a device for supplying a load comprising a voltage source for recharging a battery, a control unit with a power supply circuit, a battery consisting of chemical current sources connected in series and connected in parallel to them via a decoupling converter having A controllable key element aligning the cells, each of the cells comprising one output winding of the converter and a rectifier connected to a corresponding chemical source of current in the battery into which a control winding is introduced according to the invention, which is connected to a control unit via an additional rectifier diode, which, in its own The queue is connected to the divider connected to the battery and the power supply circuits of the monitoring unit are connected to a part of the battery providing the required level of power supply of the monitoring unit, the device using as a converter a flyback converter with a multi-winding throttle, the primary winding of which is connected to the key element, and the output Winding through rectifiers to aligning cells.

The invention is characterized in that it additionally introduces capacitors that are connected in parallel to the outputs of each equalizing cell, and an LED with an optocoupler in the control unit.

The conducted patent studies have shown that there are no known technical solutions with the specified set of essential features, in similar designs for load power devices, i.e. The proposed solution meets the criterion of "novelty".

When analyzing known analogues and a prototype, a proposal with a set of essential features set forth in the claims is not found, which implies that for specialists dealing with load power devices, it does not explicitly follow from the state of the art and therefore meets the criterion of the invention "inventive step ".

We believe that the information contained in the application materials is sufficient for the practical implementation of the invention.

The essence of the proposed invention is explained by the following description of the construction of the device for supplying the load with a drawing, which shows a schematic diagram of the proposed device for supplying the load.

- PRINCIPAL SCHEME OF THE DEVICE -

The load power supply device comprises a primary voltage source 1 for recharging the battery 2 consisting of chemical current sources, for example, capacitors with a double electric layer 3 connected in series, and connected in parallel to them via decoupling diodes 4 and 5, a flyback converter 6 c Multi-winding choke 7, the output windings 8 of which through rectifiers 9 and filter capacitors 10 are connected to the respective capacitors 3 in the battery.

In this case, the positive feedback winding 11 is connected to the control circuit of the power transistor 12 of the flyback converter 4, the control winding 13 through the diode 14 is connected to the monitoring unit 15 to which the signal is supplied from the divider 16 that is connected to the battery 2, 15 is connected to the battery part 2, the LED 18 and the optocoupler 19 of the monitoring unit 15 and the capacitors 20.

DEVICE WORKS AS FOLLOWING

In the absence of a voltage source 1, the power of the flyback converter 6 is supplied from the battery 2.

As is known, the flyback converter has two cycles of operation: on the first cycle, the transistor 12 of the converter is open, the voltage of the battery 2 (the total voltage of all the capacitors 3) is applied to the primary winding of the throttle 7, under the action of which the current in the primary winding of the throttle 7 is linearly increased; in The core and the air gap of the throttle are reserved for electromagnetic energy.

This energy is temporarily taken from all the capacitors 3, with the proportion of energy taken away for each capacitor directly proportional to the voltage on it.

The voltage at the throttle windings at this time is determined by the battery voltage and the transformation ratios between the windings of the throttle 7.

At this time, the output windings 8 and the control winding 13 are switched off, because An inverse voltage is applied to the diodes 9 and 14, and the voltage on the positive feedback winding 11 maintains the power transistor 12 in the open state.

The time of the transistor 12 in the open state is determined by the elements of the converter 6.

On the second cycle, when the power transistor 12 of the converter 6 is closed, the polarity of the voltages on all the windings of the throttle 7 changes, the output of the throttle coils 8 that have the same number of turns become current sources and the electromagnetic energy stored in the throttle returns to the capacitors 3 of the battery 2 .

If the voltages on all capacitors 3 are the same, then the currents of the output windings 8 are also the same. There is a return of energy evenly to all capacitors 3.

If there is no equality of the voltages on the capacitors 3, the current will flow only in the output winding, which is connected through the diode to the capacitor with the lowest voltage. Voltages on the output windings at this time will already be determined not by the voltage of the battery, but by the voltage on the capacitor, which is the most discharged, there will be a restriction of the voltages at all the output windings of the throttle due to the equality of the number of turns in them.

There is a return of energy only to the capacitor with the least voltage. The voltage on this capacitor and, consequently, on all the output windings of the throttle increases, it is the turn of the energy return already to the other capacitors, which previously had a voltage slightly higher.

This is the transfer of energy from capacitors with a high voltage to capacitors with a lower voltage, the voltage across the capacitors is equalized.

The voltage that is removed from the control winding 13 by the diode 14 is proportional to the voltage across the capacitor, which is the most discharged. This voltage is applied to the monitoring unit 15, where it is compared with the average battery voltage that is applied to the monitoring unit 15 from the divider 16.

If the voltage taken from the control winding 13 is less than the maximum permissible value for the capacitors 3, the comparator operates (not shown) and the monitoring unit 15 issues a fault signal of one of the capacitors of the battery 2, visualized by the LED 20 and telemetric by the optocoupler 19.

To reduce the current consumption from a battery consisting of a large number of capacitors, the power of the monitoring unit 15 is connected to the battery part 2.

If there is a voltage source 1, the device operates as follows.

If the battery voltage is less than the voltage of the source 1, the primary winding of the flyback converter 6 is supplied from the voltage source 1.

In the first cycle of operation of the converter 6, the electromagnetic energy stored in the core and the air gap of the throttle is taken from source 1.

In the second cycle, the stored electromagnetic energy of the throttle 7 is transferred to the capacitors 3 of the battery 2, the voltage is equalized on the capacitors and then these voltages are increased to the nominal level.

As soon as the battery voltage reaches or becomes greater than the voltage of the source 1, the diode 5 opens and the primary winding of the flyback converter 6 is powered from the battery capacitors, and the source 1 turns off. In the steady state, the current flow from the source 1 is determined by the capacity of the leakage currents of all the capacitors 3 and the losses in the monitoring unit 15, the divider 16 and the converter 6.

Monitoring of the serviceability of the capacitors 3 can also be carried out by measuring the consumption current from the voltage source 1, when the capacitors are charged to the rated voltage.

The process of voltage equalization on capacitors is possible if the power of the converter 6 exceeds the capacity of the leakage currents of all the capacitors 3 of the battery 2. The power of the converter is determined by the inductance of the primary winding of the throttle, the ratio between the primary winding of the throttle, the secondary windings, the conversion frequency and the battery voltage.

In the steady state, when only the leakage currents of the capacitors 3 flow through the output windings 8 and diodes 9, the accuracy of the voltage equalization on the capacitors is determined only by the spread of the voltage drops on the diodes 9. For Schottky diodes, this value does not exceed ± 20 mV.

To reduce the leakage inductance and increase the coupling between the windings, the choke is made by parallel winding (one bundle) of all windings to the core of the throttle. The number of turns of the primary winding is usually 3 ... 5 times higher than the number of turns of the output winding.

The proposed design allows the sharing of two or more devices for equalizing the voltages in a battery in which the number of capacitors exceeds the number of aligning cells in one device but less than two or more. To maintain the equalization effect, it is necessary that one or more battery capacitors be common to two adjacent aligners.

The proposed technical solution allows to eliminate the mentioned shortcomings of the known devices, namely:

- simplify the scheme of the converter and control unit;

- reduce the cost of the device;

- improve efficiency and reliability of work;

- to improve weight and size indicators;

- remove restrictions on the number of capacitors in the battery.

At present, field and laboratory tests of devices have confirmed the above considerations and advantages of the proposed technical solutions in comparison with known solutions.

CLAIM

1. A device for supplying a load comprising a voltage source for recharging a battery, a control unit with a power supply circuit, a battery consisting of chemical power sources connected in series, and connected in parallel to them via a decoupling diodes, a converter having a controllable key element, Cells, each of the cells comprising one output winding of the converter and a rectifier connected to a corresponding chemical source of current in the battery, characterized in that a control winding is introduced therein which, via an additional rectifying diode, is connected to a monitoring unit which in turn is connected With the divider connected to the battery, and the power supply circuits of the monitoring unit are connected to the part of the battery providing the required level of power supply of the monitoring unit, the device using as a converter a flyback converter with a multi-winding choke whose primary winding is connected to the key element and output windings through rectifiers To the alignment cells.

2. The device for supplying a load according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally includes capacitors that are connected in parallel to the outputs of each equalizing cell, and an LED with an optocoupler in the control unit.

print version
Published on February 15, 2007