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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2034061
METHOD OF JOINT PROCESSING OF HYDROXIDES AND CEMENT METALS OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS
The name of the inventor: Sidorenko Yu.A. P. Smirnov; Sergeeva G.I.
The name of the patent holder: Krasnoyarsk plant of non-ferrous metals
Address for correspondence:
The effective date of the patent: 1992.02.25
Use: the method concerns the joint processing of hydroxides and cementates of the production of platinum group metals. Essence: before melting, the hydroxides are leached with sodium hydroxide solution, the insoluble residue is separated from the telluride solution and added to the cementate as the alkaline component of the charge and melts are produced.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to non-ferrous metallurgy and can be used in the production of platinum group metals.
In the process of production of platinum group metals (PGM) from the primary raw materials according to the traditional scheme, including the operations of nitration and treatment of various solutions by carburizing, waste products are formed on the basis of hydroxides of base elements and, as industrial products, cementates. Typical wastes of hydroxides contain, PGM 0.5 to 3, tellurium from 5 to 20. Typical cementates contain, PGM from 2 to 10, tellurium from 3 to 10.
The bulk of hydrate waste is shipped from the refining industry to copper and nickel sub-industries for further processing in order to extract the PGM into electrolysis sludges, which is advisable from the point of view of withdrawing copper, nickel, lead, selenium and other impurities from the refining cycle, but is associated with additional Losses of PGM with finished products and wastes of copper and nickel industries.
Cementate, together with the most rich in PGM content of hydrates, is enriched by the smelting method directly at the refining plant.
Enrichment by the method of separation fuses is carried out in accordance with the technological instruction of the plant "Krastsvetmet" N 678-89 using a charge containing, Sodium Carbonate 21 Glass 15 Carbonaceous Recovery 9
Cementate and (or) hydroxides Other
The melting is carried out in a reflective fuel furnace at a temperature of 1200-1300 ° C.
In the process of melting, the metals of the platinum group are concentrated in a heavy alloy (spike) together with arsenic, antimony, bismuth; The main amount of tellurium, selenium, copper, iron, lead and sodium from the charge is converted into a light alloy. Spekez is processed as primary concentrates of PGM. From the light alloy, chemical active water-soluble components are isolated by dissolving in water to obtain an alkaline telluride solution, the water-insoluble part is shipped to the enterprises of the copper-nickel sub-industry as waste.
Disadvantages of this method of processing hydrates and cementates are: inefficient use for processing relatively poor in MPG hydrates, high consumption of sodium carbonate, low melting of melting furnaces for enriching products, complexity of the processing scheme for the resulting light alloy, low extraction of tellurium in an alkaline solution.
The object of the present invention was to eliminate these drawbacks.
The proposed method for processing hydrates with cementates differs from the one described in that, before melting, the hydroxides are leached with a solution of sodium hydroxide, the insoluble residue (hc) is separated from the telluride solution and added to the cementate as the alkaline component of the charge.
The essence of the proposed method is as follows.
When leaching sodium hydroxide solution from hydrates, the bulk of tellurium, selenium, tin and arsenic passes into the solution. PGMs are concentrated predominantly in the insoluble residue. Non-noble elements in the insoluble residue of hydrates are represented by complex crystalline hydrates of the type xNa 2 O yMeO H 2 O.
When melting the obtained n.o. With admixture of cementate and carbonaceous reductant added to the charge for conventional pyrometallurgical dressing, the formation of mutually sparingly soluble, phase-separated phases: intermetallides of PGM (mainly arsenides, bismuthides, stibnides), chalcogenides (mainly copper, iron , Lead) and glass of similar oxides. The alloy of intermetallic compounds (heavy alloy) concentrates the bulk of the PGM from n.o. Hydrates and cementate. Non-noble elements (copper, selenium, tellurium, lead, etc.) are distributed between lighter chalcogenide and oxide phases. The alkaline telluride solution obtained from the leaching of hydrates can be used to extract tellurium from it using known methods.
The proposed method of processing hydroxides and cementates allows to efficiently extract PGM from poor in their content of hydroxides, exclude the consumption of deficient sodium carbonate, increase the melting of furnaces for enriching products (due to the exclusion of fluxes from the charge composition), to increase the extraction of tellurium in an alkaline solution.
Example 1 . 2000 kg of wet hydrates of nitration (humidity 42%) and 1000 kg of wet cementate (humidity 40%) were taken into processing. Hydrates, calculated on a dry basis, contained, wt. IPY, in the amount of 1.63; Tellurium 12.9. Cementate, calculated on a dry basis, contained, wt. IPY, in the amount of 5.2, tellurium 5.
Hydrates in 300 kg portions were leached with stirring in 2-4 molar sodium hydroxide solution at x: 3. The temperature during the leaching was maintained at 80 ° C, the leaching time of each portion was 2 h. The pulp was filtered on a suction filter.
As a result of leaching from 2000 kg of hydrates, 913.5 kg of an insoluble residue with a moisture content of 52% and 6,700 liters of an alkaline telluride solution were obtained. The insoluble residue based on the dry weight contained, by weight, PGM, in the amount of 2.23, tellurium 5.7, humidity was 52%. The alkaline solution contained, g / l: PGM in the amount of 0.676, tellurium 16.7.
The recovery of PGM was, in n. 77, into solution 23. Extraction of tellurium, into solution 75, in n. 25.
From the alkaline solution, after separation of tellurium and other base metals, by known methods, subsequently, residual platinum metals were recovered by cementation. Total recovery of PGM from hydrates in n.o. And the cementate was about 95%
Example 2 . We took weighted average samples of n.o. Hydrates and cementate, described in Example 1, each weighing 47 grams, were added to them 6 grams of graphite powder. The resulting charge was melted at 1200 ° C in a chamotte crucible, the cooled fusion products were divided into natural interfaces. As a result of melting and separation, a gram of heavy alloy 9.2, light alloy 17.4 was obtained. Slag and light alloy from the spectral analysis of PGM did not contain. Heavy alloy contained PGM in the amount of 21.6%
Example 3 . We took 900 kg of wet n. And cementate, 200 kg of graphite powder were added to them. The resulting charge was melted in a fuel reflecting furnace. Products of melting in cast iron ladles. Chilled castings were divided at the natural interface. We obtained 170 kg of heavy alloy and 520 kg of slag and light alloy taken together. In the lump samples of light alloy and slag by the spectral method of PGM analysis were not detected.
According to the information available to the authors, the set of essential features characterizing the essence of the claimed invention is not known from the state of the art, which makes it possible to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "novelty".
CLAIM
METHOD OF JOINT PROCESSING OF HYDROXIDES AND METALS OF METAL PRODUCTION OF PLATINUM GROUP, characterized by firstly leaching hydroxides with sodium hydroxide solution, separating the solid residue from the telluride solution, and then concentrating melting of the charge containing cementates in the presence of a carbonaceous reductant and a solid residue from the leaching of hydroxides As an alkaline reagent.
print version
Date of publication 14.03.2007gg
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