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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2246528
COMPOSITION OF FUEL
Name of the inventor: Petrov DG (RU); Revenko IA (RU); Hamidulin YM (RU); VS Subbotin
The name of the patentee: Petrov Dmitry G. (RU); Revenko Igor (RU); Hamidulin Yury (RU); Vladimir S. Subbotin
Address for correspondence: 119607, Moscow, ul. Udaltsov, 89, building 2, kv.504, VS Subbotin
Starting date of the patent: 2003.11.13
The invention relates to combustible compounds for internal combustion engines, in particular, to a method of operation of gasoline and diesel engines using the composition of the fuel additive, providing the establishment of the cylinder of additional electrostatic pressure that can improve thermal efficiency and reduce emissions. The fuel composition based on a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons involves a small amount of additives soluble in the fuel, which is the organic compound of the general formula:
where R 1 - substituted or unsubstituted aryl, alkyl or alkenyl radical; R 2 - H, aryl or alkyl radical; X - a substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, alkyl or alkenyl radical, and having a value of the molar refraction (Rm) of at least 5.0 × 10 -5 m 3 / mol. The invention can significantly reduce the amount of harmful emissions during the combustion of fuel, increase engine efficiency, but also a factor of 1.5-2 reduce wear, extend the life of catalytic filters and eliminate the harmful influence on the spark plugs.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to combustible compounds for internal combustion engines. More particularly, it relates to a method for operating a petrol and diesel engines by using a fuel additive composition which provides in the cylinder creating additional electrostatic pressure that can improve thermal efficiency and reduce emissions.
Known to the inclusion of the hydrocarbon fuel of various organometallic compounds (see. Patent US №2818417, class 556-47 (260-429), was published on 12/31/57, US №2839552, class 556-47 (260-429), published 17.06 .58 g, RU №2066341, C 10 L 1/18 class of published 10/09/96). The use of organometallic compounds can improve combustion efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions by catalytic acceleration of combustion reaction.
However, the inclusion of organometallic compounds in the fuel creates a number of problems, namely increasing engine wear due to the formation of solid combustion products, in addition, has a detrimental effect on the spark plugs and catalytic filters.
Known to incorporate into the mixture of hydrocarbon fuel from organic and organometallic compounds containing a metal, silicon or halogens (see patents:. RU №2182163, C 10 L 1/02 class, 1/10, 1/14, 10/02, issued 10.05 .2002 g, RU №2057787, class C 10 L 1/18, 1/22, 1/28, published 10.04.96 city), which improves the fuel combustion, to increase the thermal efficiency and reduce the toxicity of emissions.
However, in the presence of metals or silicon enhances fuel engine wear and shorten the life of catalytic filters, and presence of halogen increases the corrosion of metal parts.
Known fuel composition not containing halogens, and metals (see. US Patent №5906665A Class 44-459 (C 10 L 1/16), published 24.09.96), in which to enhance the combustion efficiency ultrahigh polyisobutylene added.
In the thermal cracking of polyisobutylene accompanying fuel combustion asfaltopodobnye substance formed due to carbon formation in dramatically increased in the combustion chamber, resulting in decrease in performance of the engine, occurrence of pre-ignition and acceleration of the piston wear band. Furthermore, the presence of polyisobutylene in the fuel leads to the accumulation of deposits in the fuel system, which causes violation of the engine.
Furthermore, in the above formulations fuel effect enhancing thermal efficiency of engine efficiency is achieved only by increasing the combustion efficiency and is not associated with the ion processes in the cylinder, since no significant effect on these processes in the fuel compound must possess a substantial ability to form around charged gas particle stable ionic atmosphere. An indicator of this ability is the polarizability of the molecules compounds in an external electric field of the central ion. A measure of the polarizability a molar refraction - a function of the refractive index of the substance, its molecular weight and density does not depend on the state of aggregation and temperature. Molar refraction, of Rm, m 3 / mol, determined by the formula:
Rm = (n 2 -1) / (n 2+1) M / r,
where n - index of refraction;
M - molecular weight, kg / mol;
r - density, kg / m 3.
The molar refraction known additives have a relatively low value, do not exceed 3 × 10 -5 m 3 / mol, so that such additives do not affect the ionic processes in combustion of fuel and do not create at the expense of these processes of growth of the thermal efficiency of the motor.
Applicants have discovered a number of organic substances with high polarizability, characterized molar refractivity values of not less than 5 × 10 -5 m 3 / mol, the properties of which during burning fuels provide rapid accumulation of excess negative ions in the combustion chamber due to their diffusion from the inner surface cylinder in its volume, resulting in a mutually repulsive electrostatic pressure like charges on the working surface of the piston. The appearance of such an electrostatic pressure due to the conversion of the thermal energy of the molecules of the combustion products into the potential energy of the ions in the electrostatic field of the space charge. With increasing working volume due to the motion of the piston, this potential energy is completely converted into useful work. Thus, the total proportion of the heat is converted into work in the presence of electrostatic energy component is greater than in an adiabatic expansion process that occurs in the absence of ion diffusion. Adding fuel organic substances with these properties of the additive enhances the thermal efficiency of the engine efficiency and reducing exhaust emissions by lowering the operating temperature in the cylinder. Furthermore, the absence of combustion products of particulate matter and halogens in conjunction with low temperature combustion reduces engine wear and extend the life of catalytic filters.
The essence of applicants' invention is to solve the fundamental problem of the low efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle implemented by the internal combustion engine. Organic substances with the properties detected introduced as additives to liquid hydrocarbon mixture, due to high polarizability, characterized molar refractivity values of not less than 5 × 10 -5 m 3 / mol, capable of producing stable solvation shell around negative ions produced in the process advantageously combustion in a collision free radicals with the inner metal surface of the combustion chamber. This contributes to the diffusion of ions from the inner surface of the cylinder in its volume and accumulation of excess volume of negative charge, creating a significant electrostatic pressure due to the mutual repulsion of like-charged ions. Thus, at the stage of the combustion process, a substantial portion of the heat of fuel combustion energy is stored in the form of a potential electrical energy contiguous same charges. At the stage of expansion of the working gas, this potential energy is completely converted into mechanical work. Such thermodynamic cycle characterized by high efficiency and low temperature of the working gas, which reduces heat losses and prevents the formation of many contaminants.
The present invention provides a composition based on a mixture of liquid hydrocarbon fuel, comprising a small amount of additives soluble in the fuel containing an organic compound having a molar refraction value not less than 5 × 10 -5 m 3 / mol.
Mixtures of liquid hydrocarbons include diesel fuel and gasoline, and may consist mainly of hydrocarbons or may contain additional components, such as alcohols or ethers. Fuels may include one or more additives, such as anti-knock additives, antistatic agents, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, tsetanpovyshayuschie and other known additives.
The additive is a compound having the following formula:
where R 1 - substituted or unsubstituted aryl, alkyl or alkenyl radical;
R 2 - H, aryl or alkyl radical;
X - a substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, alkyl or alkenyl radical.
Examples of such compounds may be dibenzalacetone (value equal molar refraction is 7.29 × 10 -5 m 3 / mol), N-phenylamide salicylic acid (molar refraction is equal to the value 6.04 · 10 -5 m 3 / mol), N, N'-dimethyl N, N'-diphenylurea (value equal molar refraction is 7.22 × 10 -5 m 3 / mol), N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-dietilmochevina (equal molar refraction value 8.15 · 10 -5 m 3 / mol) or N, N'-diisopropyl-N, N'-diphenylurea (equal molar refraction value 9.08 · 10 -5 m 3 / mol). Can be used, and other compounds satisfying the above requirements.
Preferred is a fuel composition, wherein the additive is present at a concentration of 0.01 to 2 wt.%.
The additive in the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons can introduce any known method. Typically, it is administered in the form of a concentrate containing the additive and a liquid carrier that is compatible with the fuel additive being dispersed in a liquid carrier. Such concentrates preferably contain from 5 to 50 wt.% Additives, preferably in solution in the oil. As liquid carriers there may be used organic solvents including hydrocarbon solvents, for example petroleum fractions, aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffinic hydrocarbons. The liquid carrier must be selected according to its compatibility with the additive and fuel.
Preferably, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is a gasoline or diesel fuel.
Comparative tests of the proposed composition of the fuel and commodity grades of gasoline and diesel fuel showed significant operational advantages of the composition of the fuel, which are to reduce the amount of harmful emissions and improve the thermal efficiency of the engine efficiency (Table 1), and reducing engine wear and 1.5 .. .2,0 times, there is no adverse effect on the spark plugs and catalytic filters extend the life of 20 ... 40%.
CLAIM
1. Composition based on a mixture of liquid hydrocarbon fuel, comprising a small amount of additives soluble in the fuel, which is the organic compound of the general formula:
where R 1 - substituted or unsubstituted aryl, alkyl or alkenyl radical;
R 2 - H, aryl or alkyl radical;
X - a substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, alkyl or alkenyl radical, and having a value of the molar refraction (Rm) of at least 5.0 × 10 -5 m 3 / mol.
2. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive is present at a concentration of 0.01-2 wt.%.
3. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the mixture of liquid hydrocarbon is gasoline or diesel fuel.
print version
Publication date 07.04.2007gg
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