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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2254357

COMPOSITION OF LIQUID FUEL

COMPOSITION OF LIQUID FUEL

Name of the inventor: Rahimov MN (RU); Ishmiyarov MH (RU); Rakhimov HH (RU); Rogov, MN (RU); Baulin OA (RU); Tchistov OI
The name of the patentee: State educational institution of higher education "Ufa State Oil Technical University" (GOU VPO UGNTU)
Address for correspondence: 450062, Ufa, Cosmonauts, 1 UGNU, Patent Service
Starting date of the patent: 2004.01.08

The invention relates to fuel oil compositions containing additives which improve their lubricity. Composition of liquid fuel, includes a middle 90-99,99% fuel oil sulfur content is 0.2% or less additives 0.01-10% - 180-320 ° C fraction by-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene containing aliphatic alcohols 8 to C of 1-18%, aliphatic alcohols 30-70% C 8, aliphatic alcohols of C 8 and above 20-65%. The composition has an increased lubricity, but also more economical due to the use of by-products.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to fuel oil compositions containing additives which improve their lubricity.

Sulfur compounds are responsible for the emission of aggressive and toxic sulfur dioxide. Reducing the sulfur content of the fuel leads to an overall reduction in emissions of sulfur oxides, which cause respiratory irritation and the formation of acid rain, but also corrosion of metals and destruction of the catalytic converters. It is noted and reducing the amount of particulate matter in exhaust gas, and the formation of deposits in the fuel system.

The consequence of this is the need to minimize the sulfur content of fuel oils. Whereas previously the typical diesel fuel contain sulfur in an amount of 1 wt.% Or more (calculated as elemental sulfur) it is now considered necessary to reduce its content to 0.01 wt.%.

To meet the quality requirements for diesel fuels, particularly sulfur, their hydrotreated performed under more severe conditions. The result is a diesel fuel with a significantly lower content of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygenate compounds, bi- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and these compounds contain heteroatom as a relatively stable form due to their hydrogenolysis. All this leads to deterioration of lubricity of diesel fuels - important operational characteristics. Using fuel as a lubricant to avoid construction on diesel engines more oil system and provide lubrication of small parts and fuel supply control apparatus, where the lubricating oil applied is very difficult. The intensity of wear of friction parts in contact with the fuel is determined by the structural and operational features of the fuel systems and properties used fuels.

Decreasing the amount of liquid diesel fuel of one or more components such as sulfur, polynuclear aromatic or polar substances may cause a reduction of the fuel's ability to lubricate the injection system of the engine in such a degree that, for example, high-pressure fuel pump may fail to a relatively early stage of the engine operation. Failure may occur in fuel injection systems, such as valves, centrifugal high-pressure in-line multiplunger fuel pumps and injectors. The problem of poor lubricity in diesel fuel oils is likely to become even more severe in future improvements of engines (to further reduce emissions), which will produce a lubricity even more stringent requirements than present engines.

Similarly, the low lubricity can lead to wear problems in other mechanical devices, which depend on lubrication natural lubricity of fuel oil.

Consequently, there is a need for improved additives that increase the lubricity of fuels, without showing loss of performance properties.

The literature on the art, the known method of increasing the lubricity of diesel fuels with low sulfur content by the introduction into their structure of vegetable oils, rapeseed methyl ester and other oxygen-containing compounds of vegetable origin [T.N.Mitusova, E.V.Polinina, M.V.Kalinina. Modern diesel fuel and additives to them - M. "Technique" Publisher. Ltd. "fog GROUP", 2002. - 64 s]..

The common disadvantage of these methods is the involvement of the fuel directly or processed foods.

The most close technical decision to the claimed invention (prototype) is № patent 2158750, C 10 L 1/18: «The present invention relates to compositions of liquid fuels containing additives which improve their lubricity. The composition comprises a major amount of middle distillate fuel oil sulfur content is 0.2 wt.% Or less, and a small amount of a lubricity improver additive comprising (a) an ester of an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, and (b) an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester and a polyhydric alcohol containing at least three hydroxyl groups, the esters (a) and (b) are different. "

The disadvantage of the prototype is the use in the composition of the fuel additive composition expensive.

The invention aims to cheaper fuel composition having improved lubricity through the use of by-products, and expanding its range.

These problems are solved in that the liquid fuel composition comprising a major amount of a middle of the liquid fuel, wherein the sulfur content is 0.2 wt.% Or less, and a small amount of a lubricity improver additive according to the invention comprises as an additive fraction 180-320 ° with byproduct propylene hydroformylation process comprising primarily aliphatic alcohols of 8 to C 1-18 wt.%, C 8 aliphatic alcohols of 30-70 wt.%, aliphatic alcohols from C 8 and above 20-65 wt.% with the following ratio, wt.%:

A middle liquid fuel 90,00-99,99
Additive 0,01-10,00

The effect of increasing the lubricity of a fuel composition based on the diesel fuel of the sample involving its constituent fractions 180-320 ° C by-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene with physicochemical properties shown respectively in Tables 1 and 2 by their direct compounding under normal conditions , confirmed by the following examples. Laboratory studies were conducted on four-ball machine (four-ball machine), according to GOST 9490-75 at 20 ° C and an applied load of 20 N.

Table 1

Physico-chemical properties of diesel fuel samples
№ p / p indicator U rev. Actual values Method
1 Cetane number 48 GOST 31 22
2 Fractional composition:
- 50% is distilled at a temperature FROM 217
- 96% is distilled at a temperature (end of distillation) FROM 278 GOST 21 77
3 Kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C mm 2 / c (cSt) 2.2 Standard 33
4 Pour, for climatic zones:

- moderate 		FROM -45 ASTM D 97
5 The cloud point, for climatic zones: -umerennoy FROM -thirty GOST 5066
6 Flash point Closed cup: -for general purpose diesel engines FROM 57 GOST 6356
7 Mass fraction of sulfur in the fuel:

- Type I 		% 0.13 ASTM D 4294
8 Mass fraction of mercaptan sulfur % 0.001 GOST 17323
9 hydrogen sulfide absent GOST 17323
10 Test on copper plate withstands GOST 6321
eleven The content of water-soluble acids and alkalis absent GOST 6307
12 Concentration of actual pitches mg / 100 cm 3 1.0 GOST 8489
13 Acidity 100 mg of KOH per cm 3 absent GOST 5985
14 Iodine number g iodine / 100 g 0.6 GOST 2070
15 ash content % absent GOST 1461
16 Coking ability of 10% balance % 0.01 GOST 19932
17 The coefficient of filterability 1.0 GOST 19006
18 Content of mechanical impurities absent GOST 6370
19 water content absent GOST 2477
20 Density at 20 ° C kg / m3 807 GOST 3900

table 2

Physico-chemical properties of fractions 180-320 ° C by-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene
INDICATORS VALUE
Kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C, mm 2 / s 23.17
Iodine number, 100 g of iodine per g of fuel 3.33
Density at 20 ° C, g / cm 3 0.861
Fractional composition, ° C
NK 180
50% 215
96% 288
Pour Point, ° C Minus 44
Cloud Point, ° C Minus 24
Acidity, mg KOH per 100 cm3 of fuel 25.7
The concentration of actual resins, mg / 100 cm 3 fuel 73

Example 1. Study wear scar diameter of the liquid fuel composition comprising a diesel fuel evenly sample, showed that it is 0.83 mm.

Example 2. Study wear scar diameter of the liquid fuel composition comprising a diesel fuel of the sample of Example 1 to 99.99 vol.% And by-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene to 0.01 vol.%, Showed that it is 0.82 mm.

Example 3. Study wear scar diameter of the liquid fuel composition comprising a diesel fuel of the sample of Example 1 to 99.95 vol.% And by-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene to 0.05 vol.%, Showed that it is 0.82 mm.

Example 4. Study wear scar diameter of the liquid fuel composition comprising a diesel fuel of the sample of Example 1 in 99.9 vol.% And by-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene 0.1 vol.%, Showed that it is 0.78 mm.

Example 5. Study wear scar diameter of the liquid fuel composition comprising a diesel fuel of the sample of Example 1 in 99.5 vol.% And by-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene 0.5 vol.%, Showed that it is 0.59 mm.

Example 6. Study wear scar diameter of the liquid fuel composition comprising a diesel fuel of the sample of Example 1 to 99.25 vol.% And by-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene to 0.75 vol.%, Showed that it is 0.51 mm.

Example 7. Study wear scar diameter of the liquid fuel composition comprising a diesel fuel of the sample of Example 1 in 99.0 vol.% By-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene 1.0 vol.%, Showed that it was 0.55 mm.

Example 8. Study wear scar diameter of the liquid fuel composition comprising a diesel fuel of the sample of Example 1 in 98.0 vol.% And by-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene to about 2.0%, showed that it is 0.57 mm.

Example 9. Study wear scar diameter of the liquid fuel composition comprising a diesel fuel of the sample of Example 1 in 96.0 vol.% By-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene to 4.0 vol.%, Found that it is 0.66mm.

Example 10. Study wear scar diameter of the liquid fuel composition comprising a diesel fuel of the sample of Example 1 in 93.0 vol.% By-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene, 7.0 vol.%, Found that it is 0.66mm.

Example 11. Study wear scar diameter of the liquid fuel composition comprising a diesel fuel of the sample of Example 1 in 90.0 vol.% By-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene, 10.0 vol.%, Showed that it is 0.70 mm.

Results wear scar diameter measurements of the liquid fuel compositions according to the foregoing examples, shown in Table 3.

Table 3

The diameter of the wear scar of the fuel compositions of Examples
Sample Additives content in the sample, vol% The diameter of the wear scar, mm
example 1 0.00 0.83
example 2 0.01 0.82
example 3 0.05 0.82
example 4 0.10 0.78
example 5 0.50 0.59
example 6 0.75 0.51
example 7 1.00 0.55
example 8 2.00 0.57
example 9 4.00 0.66
example 10 7.00 0.66
example 11 10,00 0.70

These data in Table 3 show the improvement in lubricity of the fuel composition in its engagement with the additive composition of the invention. A positive effect compared to the prior art is cheaper fuel composition having improved lubricity through the use of by-products.

CLAIM

1. The liquid fuel composition comprising a major amount of a middle of the liquid fuel, wherein the sulfur content is 0.2 wt.% Or less, and a small amount of lubricity improver additives, characterized in that it contains as an additive fraction 180-320 ° C a by-product of the hydroformylation process of propylene containing aliphatic alcohols to C 8 from 1-18 wt.%, aliphatic alcohols C 8 30-70 wt.% of the aliphatic alcohols C 8 and above 20-65 wt.% in the following ratio, wt .%:

A middle liquid fuel 90,00-99,99
Additive 0,01-10,00

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the liquid fuel is a diesel fuel.

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Publication date 07.04.2007gg