| section Home Production, Amateur Radio amateur Model aircraft, rocket- Useful, entertaining | Stealth master Electronics Physics Technologies invention | space Mystery Earth Mysteries Secrets of the Ocean Stealth section Map |   |
| Use of material is permitted for reference (for websites - hyperlinks) | |||
Navigation: => | Home / Products Patents / In the section of the catalog / back / |
|
INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2253606
Aluminum-based alloys to generate hydrogen,
Process for its preparation and a gas generator hydrogen
Name of the inventor: Tereshchuk Valery (RU)
The name of the patentee: Tereshchuk Valery (RU)
Address for correspondence: 127434, Moscow, Dmitrovskoye Shosse, 3, building 1, kv.133, V.S.Tereschuku.
Starting date of the patent: 2004.02.16
The invention relates to an alloy and method for producing the gasifier to produce hydrogen. The alloy can be used, for example, in internal combustion engines operating on hydrogen fuel or electric, electrochemical generators using hydrogen that provides an environmentally clean exhaust flue gases. Aluminum-based alloy contains aluminum and anhydrous alkali metal hydroxide in an amount up to 10 weight% or anhydrous alkali metal hydroxide and up to 5% copper, so that the amount of the additive alloy contains up to 10%. The method for producing the above alloy is that the alkali metal hydroxide is dehydrated is placed on the bottom of the crucible, and placed on top of aluminum and, optionally, copper, lead melt in an induction furnace in vacuo at 0.2-0.5 atm or in a protective atmosphere of inert gas. First, the alkali metal hydroxide is melted and its melt at a temperature above 660 ° C and melted aluminum, as necessary, copper. Hydrogen gas generator comprises a reactor designed as a heat exchanger, wherein the plate or tubes are filled with water. The invention allows to create a cheap aluminum-based alloy, the use of which increases gas capacity of the process.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the energy and environmental fields. According to the present invention prepared an aluminum-based alloy intended for producing hydrogen by reaction with water. Thus produced hydrogen is used for example in internal combustion engines operating on hydrogen fuel which gives absolutely non-polluting exhaust flue gases.
Known alloy containing aluminum, gallium, indium, tin, intended for producing hydrogen by reacting it with water (see. Auth. Svid. SU № 535 364, publ. 11.15.1976).
The disadvantages of this alloy are, firstly, high cost of indium and gallium (200 thousand. Rub. / Kg) and their negligible content in the crust (one hundred thousandth% proportion), i.e. suggest industrial production and application of such alloys is problematic. Secondly, many of these alloys are produced by sintering the powders, because the solubility of many metals in aluminum at their fusion is limited. But sintering leads to the fact that the reaction of the alloy with water literally crumbling before our eyes, and further reaction is completely out of order, that is, pretty quickly goes to a maximum of gas capacity and then goes slowly (tens of minutes) drop to zero, ie, carry out the dosing of hydrogen, for example, the engine is technically very difficult and is associated with bulge and devices. Besides efficiency such a process (for gassing) at best be 60%.
Known hydrogen gas generator, made in the form of two tanks, placed in the trunk "Moskvich-412". The tanks was poured activated aluminum and poured a solution of alkali, after which begins the process of hydrogen evolution (see. Book Warsaw IL energy storage material due to "Naukova Dumka", 1980, s.101-105). The disadvantage of such gas generators is a strong dependence on the composition of the water. Since the transition from one area of the tap water to the tap water for another region in the same sample, the indium-gallium alloy gas capacity changing twice, and the transition from distilled water to water - 3.5 times.
The object of the invention to provide a cheap alloy based on aluminum, which lacks all of the above disadvantages, a method of creating this alloy and hydrogen gas generator in this alloy.
This object is achieved by an alloy based on aluminum, the method for its preparation and a hydrogen gas generator.
The alloy is designed to produce hydrogen, and an additive comprising aluminum, destroying the oxide film in contact with water. As an additive, it contains anhydrous alkali metal hydroxide in an amount up to 10 weight% or anhydrous alkali metal hydroxide and up to 5% copper, so that the amount of the additive alloy contains up to 10%.
As the alkali metal hydroxide dehydrated alloy contains dehydrated sodium hydroxide, lithium or potassium.
The method for producing the above alloy is that the alkali metal hydroxide is dehydrated is placed on the bottom of the crucible, and placed on top of aluminum and, optionally, copper, lead melt in an induction furnace in vacuo at 0.2-0.5 atm or in a protective atmosphere of inert gas, is first melted and the alkali metal hydroxide to melt it at a temperature above 660 ° C and melted aluminum, as necessary, copper. The melting was carried out at a stirring by induction furnace currents.
The gasifier reactor contains hydrogen. The reactor is designed as a heat exchanger, wherein the plate or tube made of the above aluminum base alloy. Gaps between the plates or tubes are filled with water. To control the outgassing process line comprises a hydrogen gas generator with a water pump and a receiver, and hydrogen and water drain pipe in line between the pump and the receiver.
The melting is carried out in an induction furnace in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere, since Dehydrated sodium hydroxide has substantial hygroscopicity and otherwise (if the vacuum shortage or absence of an inert atmosphere), small outbreaks have been observed during melting. Subject to these conditions no flash (Experienced smelting were carried out in the Institute of High Temperatures of RAS). Good miscibility at fusing the dehydrated sodium hydroxide and aluminum incorporated in their physical and chemical properties.
Anhydrous sodium hydroxide and water in the absence of significant amounts of alumina in the chemical reaction with aluminum, does not enter. Sodium hydroxide begins to melt at 322 ° C and is molten to 1378 ° C (boiling point), its plotnost- 2.13 g / cm 3. Therefore, fusion is carried out as follows. In a crucible the bottom poured first dehydrated with sodium hydroxide in an amount up to 10%, and the top positioned aluminum (more sodium hydroxide in the mixture, the greater will play in the gas capacity and strength of the alloy from which hereinafter will be produced a sheet, tubes, rods, etc. .d.) to increase the rate of gassing in the range above 10% can be recommended to add to the alloy up to 5% copper. Moreover, copper is highly soluble in molten aluminum.
Similar properties are dehydrated and other alkali metal hydroxides of lithium and potassium (except for calcium hydroxide, because it decompose at 580 ° C, releases water, which immediately reacts with the aluminum to form aluminum oxides), so instead hydroxide sodium they can also be used in the preparation of an aluminum alloy.
After melting, sink therein hydroxide pellets (pieces of aluminum), and aluminum smelting process is already in the melt hydroxide. Once the aluminum is melted (the temperature over 660 ° C) begins intensive process of mixing due to induced currents. cylindrical specimen was machined from the resulting ingot. Chips of this sample was tested for gas capacity. Completeness gassing (compared with theoretical) was 92%. A sample of the test had a golden color. The cylindrical sample was subjected to cross-cutting and secondarily tested for gassing. Over the entire cross section of the sample was uniform gassing, as further said uniform characteristic golden color over the entire cross section. The chips and the sample itself had an ideal uniform (smooth) corrosion - without pitting, cracking, and ulcers. Sama chips in elasticity is not inferior to pure aluminum, ie, alloy is quite suitable for the production of thin sheets, tubes, etc. for the production of hydrogen gas generators, construction of which will be similar to that of the tubular, layered (lamellar), etc. heat exchangers.
The present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy composition which is itself already contains the alkali and interaction with any water (tap water, distilled, river, lake, etc.) destroys the oxide film of aluminum, hydrogen and a method for producing hydrogen gas generator designs based on this alloy.
The composition of the alloy and its production method described above. The drawing is based on the design of the gas generator of this alloy with the following items: 1 - gasifier tube or plate, 2 - water receiver and hydrogen 3 - controlled pump water supply, 4 - drain valve.
The device operates as follows. Initially, the receiver 2 is filled with ordinary water and in the moment of start of the engine water by means of the pump 3 is fed to the reactor 1, which is arranged like a heat exchanger for example a plate, but the plate 5 in it are made of aluminum alloy with anhydrous alkali metal hydroxide, in between runs water at 1 ± 0,5 m / sec, which is in contact with plate 5 separates hydrogen. Hydrogen, together with unreacted water through conduit enters the receiver 2, wherein in the separator (due to the low solubility of hydrogen in water) is separated from water and fed to the top of the receiver 2, from which through the line - to the consumer, and water for inferolateral conduit through pump 3 is returned to the reactor 1. The process of gassing regulate the water supply to the reactor 1 by the pump 3. to complete cessation of hydrogen supply valve mounted to the drain pump 4, entry 3 full off the latter.
CLAIM
An alloy based on aluminum, designed to produce hydrogen, comprising aluminum and an additive, destroying the oxide film of aluminum in contact with water, characterized in that as an additive it contains anhydrous alkali metal hydroxide in an amount by weight up to 10% or anhydrous alkali metal hydroxide and copper to 5% so that the amount of the additive alloy contains up to 10%.
Alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that as alkali metal hydroxide dehydrated alloy contains dehydrated sodium hydroxide, lithium or potassium.
A method for producing an alloy according to any one of claims 1 and 2, consisting in that the alkali metal hydroxide is dehydrated is placed on the bottom of the crucible, and placed on top of aluminum and optionally copper, lead melt in an induction furnace in vacuo at 0.2-0.5 atm or in a protective atmosphere of inert gas, is first melted and the alkali metal hydroxide to melt it at a temperature above 660 ° C and melted aluminum copper needed.
Hydrogen gas generator, comprising a reactor, wherein the reactor is designed as a heat exchanger, wherein the plate or tube made from alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 and 2, the spaces between plates or tubes are filled with water.
Hydrogen gas generator of claim 4, characterized in that for controlling the gassing process, it comprises a pump line and the receiver of the water and hydrogen and a pipe for draining water in the pipe between the pump and the receiver.
print version
Publication date 03.12.2006gg
Comments
Commenting, keep in mind that the content and the tone of your messages can hurt the feelings of real people, show respect and tolerance to his interlocutors, even if you do not share their opinion, your behavior in terms of freedom of speech and anonymity offered by the Internet, is changing not only virtual, but real world. All comments are hidden from the index, spam control.